CONTENTS Goodin, Joan, executive director, National Commission on Working Women; Shirley Sandage, president, Displaced Homemakers Network, Inc.; Karen Nussbaum, program director, working women, National Association of Office Workers; and Jane Fleming, executive director, Wider Opportunities for Women, accompanied by Avril Madison, a panel.. Mitgang, Iris, chair, National Women's Political Caucus; Eleanor Smeal, president, National Organization for Women; Dorothy Height, president, National Council of Negro Women; and Winn Newman, general counsel, Coalition of Labor Union Women, a panel..... Johnson, Marlene, president, National Association of Women Business Owners; Carol B. Grossman, national president, Women's Equity Action League; Nancy Felipe Russo, president, Federation of Organizations for Professional Women; and Donna Lenhoff and Arkie Byrd, staff attorneys, Smith, J. Clay Jr., Acting Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Com- mission, accompanied by Leroy D. Clark, General Counsel, Equal Employ- ment Opportunity Commission; Karen Danart, Acting Director, Office of Policy Implementation, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; and Merle Helen Morrow, supervisory attorney, Office of Policy Implementa- tion, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.. Schlafly, Phyllis, president, Eagle Forum, Alton, Ill., Judith Finn, economist, Oak Ridge, Tenn.; and Eliza K. Paschall, former national secretary, Nation- al Organization for Women, Atlanta, Ga., a panel.. Norton, Eleanor Holmes, the Urban Institute, Washington, D.C.; Betty Jean Hall, director, Coal Employment Project, Dumfries, Va.; Pat Baldwin, chair, Western Kentucky Coalmining Women's Support Team, Madisonville, Ky.; Karen Sauvigne, program director and cofounder, Working Women's Insti- tute, New York, N.Y.; and Joan Vermeullen, director, Legal Back-Up Center, Working Women's Institute, New York, N.Y., a panel. Carlberg, Gwendolyn Jo M., attorney, Alexandria, Va.; and Kenneth McCul- Baldwin, Pat, chair, Western Kentucky Coalmining Women's Support Team, and Betty Jean Hall, director, Coal Employment Project, joint prepared Coalition of Labor Union Women and International Union of Electrical, Radio 189 Finn, Judith, economist, Oak Ridge, Tenn., prepared statement. Goodin, Joan, executive director, National Commission on Working Women; Shirley Sandage, president, Displaced Homemakers Network, Inc.; Karen Nussbaum, program director, working women, National Association of Office Workers; and Jane Fleming, executive director, Wider Opportunities for Women, accompanied by Avril Madison, a panel... Humphrey, Hon. Gordon J., a U.S. Senator from the State of New Hamp- Johnson, Marlene, president, National Association of Women Business Owners; Carol B. Grossman, national president, Women's Equity Action League; Nancy Felipe Russo, president, Federation of Organizations for Professional Women; and Donna Lenhoff and Arkie Byrd, staff attorneys, McCulloch, Kenneth, attorney, Townley & Updike, prepared statement (with Mitgang, Iris, chair, National Women's Political Caucus; Eleanor Smeal, National Association of Office Workers, Karen Nussbaum, executive director, 562 112 31 Norton, Eleanor Holmes, the Urban Institute, Washington, D.C.; Betty Jean Hall, director, Coal Employment Project, Dumfries, Va.; Pat Baldwin, chair, Western Kentucky Coalmining Women's Support Team, Madisonville, Ky.; Karen Sauvigne, program director and cofounder, Working Women's Insti- tute, New York, N.Y.; and Joan Vermeullen, director, Legal Back-Up Paschall, Eliza K., Atlanta, Ga., prepared statement. Schlafly, Phyllis, president, Eagle Forum, Alton, Ill., Judith Finn, economist, Oak Ridge, Tenn.; and Eliza K. Paschall, former national secretary, Nation- al Organization for Women, Atlanta, Ga., a panel.. Smith, J. Clay Jr., Acting Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Com- mission, accompanied by Leroy D. Clark, General Counsel, Equal Employ- ment Opportunity Commission; Karen Danart, Acting Director, Office of Policy Implementation, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; and Merle Helen Morrow, supervisory attorney, Office of Policy Implementa- Prepared statement before the Subcommittee on State Justice, Com- merce, the Judiciary and related agencies, April 8, 1981. Wider Opportunities for Women, Inc., Jane Fleming, executive director and Avril Madison, assistant director, joint prepared statement... Williams, Hon. Harrison A. Jr., a U.S. Senator from the State of New Jersey, ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Articles, publications, etc.: "Barriers Facing Women Entering Nontraditional Jobs".. 69 "CETA Resources: Women's Unfair Share," special report from the 74 "Committed Feminists Make a Difference," from the National Women's 117 'Defeminized' to the Point of Depression," from the Army Times, May 7, 422 "Excerpts From Report of the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources on the Budget Proposed for Fiscal Year 1982. Harassment Charges Referred to EEOC...... 365 Articles, publications, etc.-Continued "He Calls it Fun! She Calls it Sexual Harassment," from the Legal "Last Plantation?, the, How Women Fare On Capitol Hill," a study prepared by the Capitol Hill Women's Political Caucus, September 1980.. National Commission on Working Women, list of..... Response to Senator Kennedy's request as to how much of EEOC's re- Sexual Harassment Charges Awaiting EEOC Action Sexual Harassment Charges Conciliated... Sexual Harassment Charges Processed Under Rapid Charge Processing "Sexual Tension-Some Men Find Office Is a Little Too Exciting With Women as Peers," from the Wall Street Journal, April 14, 1981..... "Shortchanged and Slighted: An Assessment of the Department of Page 423 15 370 .85 122 240 "Summary Report of the National Survey of Working Women," from the 17 "What We Learned-The Four Areas of Prime Concern," from the Na- 22 "Women at Work: Barriers to Economic Equality," from Women Em- 292 Selected charts: Fully employed women continue to earn less than fully employed men 367 Most women work because of economic need. Women are underrepresented as managers and skilled craft workers Machinery and Allied Products Institute, Charles W. Stewart, president, pre- 621 Tomkins, Adrienne, Bayonne, N.J., prepared statement (with attachment). American Federation of Government Employees, prepared statement. SEX DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE, 1981 WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1981 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, in room 4232, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Senator Orrin G. Hatch (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Hatch, Hawkins, Kennedy, Randolph, Williams, Pell, and Metzenbaum. Also present: Senators Kassebaum and Grassley. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR HATCH The CHAIRMAN. It is a pleasure to welcome our witnesses and guests to this hearing this morning on sex discrimination in the workplace. I would like to note that this is the first hearing held by the Labor and Human Resources Committee in the 97th Congress, after our necessary confirmation hearings on Presidential appointees, and I would like to emphasize that the committee acknowledges the great importance of the issues affecting women in our Nation's labor force. Women's participation in the labor force has increased dramatically. According to statistics received from the Congressional Research Service, the number of women per 100 men in the civil work force has risen from 40 in 1948, to 73 in 1979, with 83 women per 100 men projected for the year 1990. Obviously, there has been a substantial convergence between the sexes over the last 30 years, and women can no longer be treated as a marginal element in the work force. Although the numerical trend appears to show greater equality in employment participation by men and women, economic equality is questionable. Some estimates put the wage/salary differential as high as 41 percent. Further, it is anathema to everything we stand for as a Nation that some women are subjected to various forms of sexual harassment in order to obtain, keep, or advance in their jobs. Surely this is a practice which is abhorrent to all but the offenders, but this committee will not be afraid to address it. We will seek the advice and counsel of both women and business in dealing with this sensitive area. Laws exist which supposedly guard against employment discrimination, but they may not be enforced adequately. The Equal Pay Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Equal Opportunity Act, the Social Security Act, title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and |