...the judiciary as a stronghold" after their electoral defeat in 1800, and Thomas Jefferson feared that "from that battery all the works of republicanism are to be beaten down and erased."42 Similarly, a persistent fear of what one early American Bar Association president called...

...Republicans. The Federalists "have retired into the Judiciary as a stronghold," the new president complained. "There the remains of federalism are to be preserved and fed from the Treasury." Jefferson was also angered by Adams's leaving the capital at 4 am on Inauguration Day to avoid the...

...Jefferson reacted angrily. The Federalists "have retired into the judiciary as a stronghold," he wrote, and "from that battery all the works of republicanism are to be beaten down and erased."6 Madison and Jefferson ignored Marshall's request, and Madison refused to appear. The legal...

...The courts had become, they contended, a mere outpost of the electorally banished Federalist Party, "and from that battery all the works of republicanism are to be beaten down and erased."171 The reconstructive attack on the judiciary is not an attack on judicial independence per...

...irresponsibility in office.116 Put this comment together with the following. There [the judiciary] the remains of federalism are to be preserved and...erased. By a fraudulent use of the Constitution, which had made judges irremovable, they have multiplied useless judges merely to strengthen their [the Federalists]...