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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary

BUREAU OF MINES Elburt F. Osborn, Director

Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior-America's Department of Natural Resources-is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and Territorial affairs.

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States-now and in the future.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1973

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $7.65 domestic postpaid or $7 GPO Bookstore

Foreword

This edition of the Minerals Yearbook marks the 90th year in which an annual report on the minerals industry has been published by the Federal Government. This edition provides a statistical record on global mineral industry performance during 1971, and contains sufficient background information to interpret the year's developments. The general content of the individual volumes is as follows:

Volume I, Metals, Minerals, and Fuels, contains chapters on virtually all metallic, nonmetallic, and mineral fuel commodities important to the domestic economy. In addition, it includes a general review chapter on these industries, a statistical summary, and chapters on employment and injuries and on technologic trends.

Volume III, Area Reports: International, presents the latest available industry of each of the 50 States, the U.S. island possessions in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Canal Zone. This volume also has a statistical summary chapter, identical with that in Volume I, and a chapter on employment and injuries.

Volume III, Area Reports: International, presents the latest available mineral statistics for more than 130 foreign countries and discusses the importance of minerals to the economies of these nations. A separate chapter reviews minerals and their relationship to the world economy.

The continuous effort of the Bureau of Mines to improve the value of the Yearbook for its users can be aided by comments and suggestions. Toward that end, the constructive comments and suggestions of readers will be welcomed.

ELBURT F. OSBORN, Director

Acknowledgments

Volume I, Metals, Minerals, and Fuels, of the Minerals Yearbook is the cooperative effort of the headquarters divisions and offices of the Bureau of Mines Mineral Supply Activity. All chapters in this volume were prepared by these staffs except for the chapter on Injury Experience and Worktime, which was prepared in the Health and Safety Activity.

The collection and compilation of statistical data on the domestic minerals and mineral fuels industries were performed by the statistical staffs of the Divisions of Ferrous Metals, Fossil Fuels, Nonferrous Metals, and Nonmetallic Minerals. These data were compiled from information supplied by mineral producers, processors, and users in response to production and consumption canvasses, and their voluntary response, which is indispensable in preparing this volume, is gratefully acknowledged. The information obtained from individuals by means of confidential surveys has been grouped to provide statistical aggregates. Data on individual firms are presented only if available from published or other nonconfidential sources or when permission of the companies concerned has been granted.

Tabular material on U.S. imports and exports, world production, and foreign country trade was compiled in the Office of Technical Data Services. Foreign trade data on the United States were obtained from reports of the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. World production and trade data came from many sources, including reports from the Foreign Service, U.S. Department of State.

The Office of Technical Data Services also provided general direction on the preparation and coordination of the chapters in this volume and reviewed the manuscripts to insure statistical consistency among the tables, figures, and text between this volume and other volumes, and between this edition and those of former years.

Acknowledgment is also made of the splendid cooperation of the business press, trade associations, scientific journals, international organizations, and other Federal agencies that supplied information.

The Bureau of Mines has been assisted in collecting mine-production data and the supporting information appearing in the Minerals Yearbook by some 45 cooperating State agencies. These organizations are listed in the acknowledgment section of Volume II.

ALBERT E. SCHRECK, Editor-In-Chief