HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES UNITED STATES SENATE EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON TESTIMONY OF SCIENTISTS ON GOALS OF THE NATION'S SPACE PROGRAM JUNE 10 AND 11, 1963 Printed for the use of the U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 20-506 WASHINGTON : 1963 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.O., 20402 - Price 70 cents SENATE COMMITTEE ON AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES CLINTON P. ANDERSON, New Mexico, Chairman RICHARD B. RUSSELL, Georgia MARGARET CHASE SMITH, Maine WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Washington CLIFFORD P. CASE, New Jersey STUART SYMINGTON, Missouri BOURKE B. HICKENLOOPER, Iowa JOHN STENNIS, Mississippi CARL T. CURTIS, Nebraska STEPHEN M. YOUNG, Ohio KENNETH B. KEATING, New York THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut HOWARD W. CANNON, Nevada SPESSARD L. HOLLAND, Florida J. HOWARD EDMONDSON, Oklahoma FRANK C. Di Luzio, Staf Director EVERARD H. SMITH, Jr., Chief Counsel Opening session, June 10, 1963: Opening statement, Senator Clinton P. Anderson, chairman.. Statement of Senator Margaret Chase Smith.. Dr. Philip Abelson, director, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. Dr. Simon Ramo, vice chairman of the board of directors, Thomp- son Ramo Wooldridge, Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif. Afternoon session, June 10, 1963: Dr. Harold C. Urey, professor of chemistry at large, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. Dr. Polykarp Kusch, professor of physics and chairman of the Department of Physics, Columbia University. Dr. Colin S. Pittendrigh, Department of Biology, Princeton Morning session, June 11, 1963: Dr. Frederick Seitz, president, National Academy of Sciences -- Dr. Lloyd V. Berkner, president, Graduate Research Center of Dr. Lee A. DuBridge, president, California Institute of Technol- Afternoon session, June 11, 1963: Dr. Martin Schwarzschild, Eugene Higgins, professor of astron- Dr. H. H. Hess, chairman, Space Science Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Department of Geology, Princeton Additional statements submitted for the record. Additional statement by the chairman.. Dr. Joshua Lederberg, Stanford University Medical School.-- 247 251 Page 3 105 137 179 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES tion of Washington, Washington, D.C. west, Dallas, Tex... Pasadena, Calif.. Sciences, Department of Geology, Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. of Physics, Columbia University, New York. Princeton, N. J.- Ramo Wooldridge, Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif.-- Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. fornia San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. New York.. 62 244 73 25 153 88 50 247 SCIENTISTS' TESTIMONY ON SPACE GOALS MONDAY, JUNE 10, 1963 U.S. SENATE, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room 235, Old Senate Office Building, Senator Clinton P. Anderson (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Anderson, Symington, Young, Dodd, Edmondson, Case, Hickenlooper, and Keating. Also present: Senator Paul H. Douglas. Staff members present: Frank C. Di Luzio, staff director; Everard H. Smith, Jr., chief counsel; Col. Harry N. Tufts, facilities assistant; William J. Deachman and Dr. Glen P. Wilson, professional staff members; and Eilene Galloway, special consultant. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN The CHAIRMAN. The committee will please come to order. The committee is presently considering NASA's request for funds for fiscal year 1964 in the amount of $5,712 million. For the record, I should like to state the objective of these hearings, There have been a number of instances recently in which various phases of our Nation's space program have been questioned. The expansion of knowledge and collection of scientific data are among the many reasons why this Nation has embarked upon a program designed to insure preeminence in space. The committee considers that, in addition to witnesses from NASA, a useful purpose will be served by hearing testimony from other scientists at this time. This testimony will provide further information to assist the committee in evaluating (a) the overall goals of our space exploration effort in comparison with scientific aspects of other national goals, and (b) the relative emphasis on the various projects within the space program in connection with its consideration of NASA's authorization request for fiscal year 1964. The committee also believes that the information will be helpful in determining possible steps that might be taken (1) to increase the amount of scientific return and (2) to insure better utilization of our scientific and technological resources and also (3) to consider, in connection with the long-range goals of our national space program, whether or not the proper foundation is being laid for the implementation of these goals. We realize that these witnesses will speak in two capacities—as experts in their various scientific disciplines and as citizens who, like all other citizens, may express opinions on problems of public interest. |