CHAPTER VI.

Motion for a Committee to inquire into the State of the Silk. Trade-

Motion rejected-Reduction of the Duties on the raw Material-The

Budget-Prorogation of Parliament.

[116

CHAPTER VII.

-

New Registration of Freeholders in IRELAND.-Mr. O'Connell's Address

to the Electors of Clare. The Catholic Rent voted to support him-

He is elected without Opposition - Alarming State of Ireland —

The Magistrates of Tipperary request the Renewal of the Insurrec-

tion Act-Disturbances among the Manufacturers in England-Spital-

fields, Macclesfield, Coventry, Barnsley-Court Martial arising out of

the Battle of Navarino

[123

CHAPTER VIII.

FRANCE.-Embarrassed State of the Ministry-Attempt to introduce

Prince Polignac-Partial changes in the Ministry-Meeting of the

Chambers, and Speech of the King-Superiority of the Liberals in the

Chamber of Deputies-Bills introduced by the Ministry to regulate

the formation of the Municipal Councils in the Communes and Depart-

ments-Speech of the Minister of the Interior-The Chamber resolves

to proceed with the Departmental Bill first, in opposition to Ministers,

who are left in a Minority-Proposed Amendments-Division of Opinion

in the Ministry-Amendment to increase the Number of Electors of

the Departmental Councils lost by a small Majority-The Ministry

withdraw both Bills-Impeachment of M. de Villèle abandoned-The

Chamber of Deputies order M. de Peyronnet to be prosecuted for ex-

pending a Sum of Money without a Vote of appropriation-Difference

between the two Chambers on this Subject-Bills for regulating the

Customs, and continuing the Tobacco Monopoly-Distress among the

Vine-growers, and Measures taken for their Relief-Finance-Discus-

sions regarding Foreign Affairs-State of the Ministry at the Close of

the Session-Immediately on the Close of the Session, the King dis-

misses the Ministry, and forms an Ultra-royalist Cabinet-Character of

the new Cabinet and its Members-Unpopularity of the Ministry-Pro-

secutions of the Press-Associations to resist the Payment of Taxes, if

Ministers should attempt to rule without a Chamber-Prosecutions on

account of them-Unpopular Proceedings of the Ministers-Divisions

among them-M. de la Bourdonnaye retires, on Prince Polignac being

made President of the Council-Continued unpopularity of the Minis-

try-Transactions between France and Greece-Quarrel with Algiers.

[137

CHAPTER IX.

PORTUGAL. Unsuccessful Conspiracies in Lisbon-Trial of the Conspi-

rators-Miguel alters the Sentence of Banishment into Death, and

banishes those who had been acquitted-Sufferings of State Prisoners-

Confiscations-Attempt of Don Miguel against the Life of his Sister-

Intrigues of the Queen, which lead to partial changes in the Ministry-

Proceedings at Oporto against the Persons engaged in the Military

enterprise of the preceding Autumn-Nine of them are executed-

More bloodshed called for by the Priests, and a new Commission erect-

ed at Lisbon for the Trial of State Prisoners-Its Proceedings are inter-

rupted by a change in the Ministry of Justice-The Queen opposes

herself to the more lenient conduct of the New Minister-Continued

Prosecutions and Punishments at Lisbon and Oporto-Sentence pro-

nounced at Oporto, in their absence, against the Marquis Palmella,

Count Villa Flor, and nineteen other General Officers-Forced issue of

Paper Money-Necessities of the Government-Count Villa Flor takes

the Command in Terceira in the Name of the Queen-An Expedition

sails from Lisbon to reduce Terceira-The Troops effect a landing, but

are totally defeated by Villa Flor-Spain recognizes the Title of Don

Miguel-Brazil craves the armed interference of Britain, which is refused

-A Portuguese Expedition sails from Plymouth to reinforce the Garri-

son of Terceira, under the pretext that the Troops on board were to be

carried to Brazil-The British Government prevents them from landing

-Don Pedro refuses to enter into any compromise with Miguel, and

recals his Daughter from Europe.-SPAIN.-Executions at Barcelona-

Partial Insurrections in Catalonia-Cadiz is erected into a free Port—

Detection of a Fraud practised by Spain in relation to a French Loan.-

[174

ITALY.-Death of Pope Leo XII, and Election of Cardinal Castiglione,

Pius VIII.

CHAPTER X.

THE NETHERLANDS.-Dissensions between the Ministry and the States

General-Progress of the War in Batavia.-GERMANY-BRUNSWICK.-

Decision of the Diet in the Quarrel between the Duke of Brunswick

and the King of Hanover

CHAPTER XI.

[200

RUSSIA. Opening of the Campaign between Russia and Turkey-The

Russian Fleet takes Sizeboli-The Turks are defeated in an attempt to

retake it-The Russian Army, under General Diebitsch, crosses the

Danube, and marches against Silistria-Skirmishes as it advances-The

Russians invest Silistria-The Grand Vizier moves from Shumla to

attack General Roth-Battle of Eski-Arnautlar-The Russians retire,

and the Grand Vizier besieges Pravadi-Count Diebitsch marches from

Silistria with part of the besieging Army to support General Roth, and

relieve Pravadi-He joins General Roth, and they occupy the Defiles

in the rear of the Vizier, without his being aware of it-Battle of Ku-

lertscha-The Vizier forces open the Road to Shumla, and takes up a

new position-The Russians renew the attack, and the Turks take to

Flight-The Vizier regains Shumla-The Russians offer to open Nego-

tiations Silistria surrenders, and the besieging Army joins Count

Diebitsch before Shumla-The Russians prepare to cross the Balkan,

leaving a Corps to watch Shumla-They effect the Passage of the

Kamtschick, and reach the summit of the Mountain, before the Vizier

is aware of their Movements-They descend the Southern Side of the

Balkan-They take Mesembri, Bourgas and Aidos, defeating, at the

latter, a large body of Turks-They take Karnabut and Sambol, and

push their advanced Guards towards Adrianople-The Vizier leaves

Shumla by a circuitous route, and reaches Selimno on the Road to

Adrianople-The Russians attack the Turks at Selimno, defeat them,

and carry the Town-They advance to Adrianople, which capitulates, the

Turkish Garrison dispersing-The Fleet takes Vassilico, Agathopolis

and Ainada on the Euxine, and a detachment of the Army occupies Enos

on the Mediterranean-Opening of the Campaign in Asia. The Turks

form the Siege of Akhalzik, but are compelled by the Russians to raise

it-The Pacha of Trebizond is driven from his Camp-Count Paske-

witsch succeeds in crossing the Mountains, to advance on Erzeroum,

and defeats the Turks in two separate Actions-Erzeroum surrenders

to the Russians-Return of the English and French Ambassadors to

Constantinople-The Sultan refuses to accept their Mediation on the

terms proposed regarding Greece-State of the Capital as the Russians

advance-Commissioners sent to Adrianople to treat-A suspension of

Hostilities takes place-Peace is concluded between Russia and Turkey

-Terms of the Treaty.-PERSIA.-Massacre of the Russian Ambassador

and his Suite at Tehran,-GREECE.-Progress of the Greek Army in

Western Greece; they take Vonizza, Carvassara, Lepanto, Anatolico,

Missolonghi-Protocol of the three Powers regarding the Boundaries

and Settlement of Greece-They request from the Greek Government

a suspension of Hostilities, which is refused-Dissensions among the

Military-General Church resigns the Command of the Army-Meeting

and Proceedings of the National Assembly-Negotiations at Constanti-

nople for the Settlement of Greece-The Sultan, in the Russian Treaty,

accedes to the Protocol of the Allies-Conferences at London to carry

the Protocol into effect-The three Powers resolve that the Sovereignty

reserved to Turkey, by the Protocol and the Russian Treaty, shall be

abolished-They fix the Limits of the new Greek State

CHAPTER XII.

[204

UNITED STATES.-Congress-Inaugural Address of the new President-

BRAZIL.-Extraordinary Meeting of the Legislative Assembly-Pro-

posed Reformation of the Bank-Ordinary Meeting of the Assembly-

Reductions in Expenditure-Finances-Attempted Impeachments of the

Ministers of Justice and of War for their Proceedings on occasion of an

Insurrection at Pernambuco.-BUENOS AYRES.-General Lavalle, at

the head of his Troops, overturns the Government-Dorego, the Gover-

nor of Buenos Ayres, raises Troops in the Country to oppose him-

Lavalle marches against him, defeats him, takes him Prisoner, and puts

him to Death without Trial-Civil War-The Provinces of Santa Fe

and Cordova declare against Lavalle-He marches against them-In his

absence the Federalists under Rosas approach Buenos Ayres-Lavalle

returns to defend the City-Buenos Ayres is besieged-Lavalle con-

cludes a Treaty with the Federalists-Reverses of the Federalists in

Cordova-The influence of Lavalle prevails in the Elections at Buenos

Ayres-The Federalists refuse to acknowledge them-A new Con-

vention is concluded, annulling the Elections, and naming a Senate to

conduct the Government.-COLOMBIA.-War with Peru-The Peruvians

blockade Guayaquil, and make an unsuccessful attack upon it-It

afterwards capitulates-The Peruvians are defeated at Tarqui, and

Preliminaries of Peace are signed-The Peruvian Governor of Guaya-

quil refuses to give it up, and the Campaign is renewed-In consequence

of a Revolution in Peru, Guayaquil is given up to the Colombians, and

Hostilities are suspended, that a Peace may be negotiated-Bolivar con-

vokes an Assembly to meet in 1830-He forces by a Decree the Rights

of the Electors and the mode of Election-Santander's sentence of

Death is commuted into Banishment-Decree against secret Societies

-An Insurrection against Bolivar breaks out in Popayan, but is quelled

-Another Insurrection against his unlimited power breaks out in the

province of Antioquia-A Revolution in Bolivia in favour of the Co-

lombian party. PERU.-A Revolution-The President, Lamar, is sent

into Banishment, and General La Fuente seizes the Government.-

MEXICO. Consequences of the Insurrection of December 1828, and of

the Flight of Pedrazza the President elect-Congress Meets-Pedrazza

resigns, and Guerrero is declared President-Law for the Expulsion of

the old Spaniards-State of the Finances-Congress imposes an Income

Tax, but the Government is unable to enforce it-Extraordinary

Meeting of Congress to oppose a Spanish Invasion-They Vote a forced

Loan-They give the President unlimited power over Persons and Pro-

perty-A Spanish Army from Cuba lands in Mexico, and takes Tam-

pico, and Tamaulipas The Spaniards fortify themselves, awaiting re-

inforcements-The Mexicans, under Santana, march to Tampico-The

Spaniards take Altamira-Tamaulipas is attacked by a Detachment of

Mexicans, who are repulsed-The Spaniards are shut up in Tamaulipas

and surrender.-GUATEMALA.-Siege and Capture of Guatemala by

the troops of San Salvador-Meeting of Congress-Proceedings against

the Members of the late Government

1232