the time at which it was compofed adds little to the wonders of Cowley's minority. In 1636, he was removed to Cambridge *, where he continued his ftudies with great intenseness; for he is faid to have written, while he was yet a young ftudent, the greater part of his "Davideis;" a work of which the materials could not have been collected without the ftudy of many years, but by a mind of the greatest vigour and activity. Two years after his fettlement at Cambridge he published "Love's Riddle," with a poetical dedication to Sir Kenelm Digby; of whofe acquaintance all his contemporaries feem to have been ambitious; and "Naufragium Joculare," a comedy writ ten in Latin, but without due attention to the ancient models; for it is not loofe verfe, but mere profe. It was printed, with a dedication in verfe to Dr. Comber, mafter of the college; but, having neither the facility of a popular nor the accuracy of a learned work, it feems to be now univerfally neglected. At the beginning of the civil war, as the Prince paffed through Cambridge in his way to York, he was entertained with a reprefentation of the "Guar"dian," a comedy, which Cowley fays was neither written nor acted, but rough-drawn by him, and repeated by the fcholars. That this comedy was printed during his abfence from his country, he appears to have confidered as injurious to his reputation; though, during the fuppreffion of the *He was a candidate this year at Westminster-school for elec tion to Trinity College, but proved unfuccefsful. N. theatres, theatres, it was fometimes privately acted with fufficient approbation. In 1643, being now mafter of arts, he was, by the prevalence of the parliament, ejected from Cambridge, and fheltered himself at St. John's College in Oxford; where, as is faid by Wood, he published a fatire, called "The Puritan and Papist," which was only inferted in the laft collection of his works*; and fo diftinguished himself by the warmth of his loyalty, and the elegance of his converfation, that he gained the kindness and confidence of those who attended the King, and amongst others of Lord Falkland, whofe notice caft a luftre on all to whom it was extended. About the time when Oxford was furrendered to the parliament, he followed the Queen to Paris, where he became fecretary to the Lord Jermyn, af terwards Earl of St. Albans, and was employed in fuch correspondence as the royal caufe required, and particularly in cyphering and decyphering the letters that paffed between the King and Queen; an employment of the higheft confidence and honour. So wide was his province of intelligence, that, for feveral years, it filled all his days and two or three nights in the week. In the year 1647, his "Miftrefs" was published; for he imagined, as he declared in his preface to a fubfequent edition, that "poets are scarcely thought cr * In the first edition of this Life, Dr. Johnfon wrote, "which was never inferted in any collection of his works;" but he altered the expreffion when the Lives were collected into volumes. The fatire was added to Cowley's works by the defire of Johnfon. N. "freemen of their company without paying fome "duties, or obliging themselves to be true to Love." This obligation to amorous ditties owes, I believe, its original to the fame of Petrarch, who, in an age rude and uncultivated, by his tuneful homage to his Laura, refined the manners of the lettered world, and filled Europe with love and poetry. But the bafis of all excellence is truth: he that profeffes love ought to feel its power. Petrarch was a real lover, and Laura doubtlefs deferved his tenderness. Of Cowley, we are told by Barnes *, who had means enough of information, that, whatever he may talk of his own inflammability, and the variety of characters by which his heart was divided, he in reality was in love but once, and then never had refolution to tell his paffion. This confideration cannot but abate, in fome mea fure, the reader's esteem for the work and the author. To love excellence, is natural; it is natural likewife for the lover to folicit reciprocal regard by an elaborate difplay of his own qualifications. The defire of pleafing has in different men produced actions of heroifm, and effufions of wit; but it seems as reasonable to appear the champion as the poet of anairy nothing," and to quarrel as to write for what Cowley might have learned from his master Pindar to call the "dream of a fhadow." It is furely not difficult, in the folitude of a college, or in the bustle of the world, to find useful studies and ferious employment. No man needs to be fo burthened with life as to fquander it in volun * Barnefli Anacreontem. Dr. J. tary tary dreams of fictitious occurrences. The man that fits down to suppose himself charged with treafon or peculation, and heats his mind to an elaborate purgation of his character from crimes which he was never within the poffibility of committing, differs only by the infrequency of his folly from him who praises beauty which he never faw; complains of jealoufy which he never felt; fuppofes himself fometimes invited, and sometimes forfaken; fatigues his fancy, and ranfacks his memory, for images which may exhibit the gaiety of hope, or the gloominess of despair; and dreffes his imaginary Chloris or Phyllis fometimes in flowers fading as her beauty, and fometimes in gems lafting as her virtues. At Paris, as fecretary to lord Jermyn, he was engaged in tranfacting things of real importance with real men and real women, and at that time did not much employ his thoughts upon phantoms of gallantry. Some of his letters to Mr. Bennet, afterwards Earl of Arlington, from April to December, in 1650, are preferved in "Mifcellanea Aulica," a collection of papers published by Brown. Thefe letters, being written like those of other men whofe minds are more on things than words, contribute no otherwise to his reputation than as they fhew him to have been above the affectation of unfeasonable elegance, and to have known that the bufinefs of a statesman can be little forwarded by flowers of rhetorick. One paffage, however, feems not unworthy of fome notice. Speaking of the Scotch treaty then in agitation: B 4 "The "The Scotch treaty," fays he, " is the only thing now in which we are vitally concerned; I am one "of the laft hopers, and yet cannot now abstain from "believing, that an agreement will be made: all "people upon the place incline to that of union. "The Scotch will moderate fomething of the rigour "of their demands; the mutual neceffity of an ac“cord is visible, the King is perfuaded of it. And "to tell you the truth (which I take to be an ar gument above all the reft), Virgil has told the "fame thing to that purpofe." This expreffion from a fecretary of the prefent time would be confidered as merely ludicrous, or at moft as an oftentatious difplay of fcholarship; but the manners of that time were fo tinged with fuperflition, that I cannot but fufpect Cowley of having confulted on this great occafion the Virgilian lots *, and * Confulting the Virgilian Lots, Sortes Virgilianæ, is a method of Divination by the opening of Virgil, and applying to the circumstances of the perufer the first paffage in either of the two pages that he accidentally fixes his eye on. It is faid, that king Charles I. and Lord Falkland, being in the Bodleian library, made this experiment of their future fortunes, and met with paffages equally ominous to each. That of the king was the following: At bello audacis populi vexatus & armis, Aneid, book IV. line 615. Yet let a race untam'd, and haughty foes, |