58 The Geological Survey provides basic scientific data concerning water, land, and mineral resources, and supervises the development and production of minerals and mineral fuels on leased Federal and Indian lands. 1. Topographic surveys and mapping.-Topographic maps portray the elevation, shape, and position of the natural and manmade features of the earth's surface. These maps, at various scales, are a fundamental part of the background information required to inventory, develop, and manage the natural resources of the country. They also have numerous other uses such as the location and development of highways and lines of communications, urban planning, and military and civil defense. It is estimated that topographic surveys and mapping com5 pleted during 1965, added to surveys already available, will result in a total of about 2,530,000 square miles of coverage (over 71% of the United States) in either the 7%1⁄2- or 15-minute standard map series. In addition, it is expected that about 30,000 square miles of existing coverage in the 15-minute series will be resurveyed for the 72-minute series. During 1966, mapping of about 106,000 square miles of previously unsurveyed or inadequately surveyed areas in the United States will be started. In addition, about 5,800 square miles of revision will be added to the program and about 215 special maps at various scales will be published. 58 113 5 5 62 61 (a) Miscellaneous non-Federal sources__ (b) Department of Defense.. 89 (c) Army.. 108 (d) National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (e) Miscellaneous Federal agencies. 2. Geologic and mineral resource surveys and mapping.— Increases for 1966 will provide for an expanded and accelerated effort needed in all major components. Geologic research and investigations produce: (a) new or improved methods and instruments for mineral exploration; (b) geologic, geophysical, and geochemical maps that show the distribution, age, composition, structure, and physical properties of the rocks and mineral deposits at and beneath the surface of the earth; (c) information on the chemistry and physics of the earth and the geologic processes by which it was formed and is being continually modified; and (d) geologic data that are directly applicable to urban development, land utilization, and the solution of land construction problems. The diverse studies underway and planned in this activity provide knowledge essential to intelligent exploration and utilization of our natural resources. As a part of this activity in 1966, the Survey will assume direction of the program for the discovery of the minerals reserves of the United States, its Territories and possessions, by encouraging exploration for minerals, excluding organic fuels, by private industry. This program, formerly administered by the Office of Minerals Exploration, includes administration of contracts entered into prior to June 30, 1958, under section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended. 3. Marine geology and hydrology.-This program, begun in 1963, includes geological and geophysical mapping and investigation of the Nation's continental shelves; research on geologic and hydrologic processes, techniques, and instruments; and research on the hydrology of river mouths, estuaries, and lagoons to provide data for understanding conditions involved in the use of resources. 4. Water resources investigations. This program includes determinations of the flow and sediment discharge of rivers, location and safe yields of underground waters, temperature and chemical quality of waters, and availability of water supplies as related to present and future Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) Identification code demands; research concerning the occurrence of water, 5. Soil and moisture conservation.-This program provides land management agencies of the Department of the Interior with basic hydrologic and geologic data needed for maintaining and improving the productive value of public lands. 25.1 25.2 Services of other agencies. 1964 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Direct obligations: Personnel compensation: 11.1 Permanent positions....... 11.3 Positions other than permanent.... 2,381 2,435 2,630 11.5 Other personnel compensation.. Printing and reproduction.... 1,283 1,360 1,445 6. Conservation of lands and minerals.-This program supervises development and production of minerals and mineral fuels on leased Federal, Indian, and Outer Continental Shelf lands. Federally owned and controlled lands are classified for their mineral and waterpower values. The program in support of State conservation laws will be phased out by the close of 1966. The supervised leases during 1965 are expected to produce minerals valued at $1.5 billion and return royalties of about $205 million. The States' share of public land production is 37%% of the royalties except Alaska which receives 90%; the Reclamation fund receives 52%2% and 10% is retained in the U.S. Treasury. In 1966, production and royalty values are expected to reach $1.6 billion and $218 million, respectively. Increased demands are being made for mineral and waterpower classification services, and for the accelerated reclassification and restoration of lands previously withdrawn. In 1966, it is expected that 1.3 million acres of Federal lands withdrawn in aid of classification will be mapped geologically and classified as compared with 95.0 1.2 million acres in 1965 and 1.15 million acres in 1964. 8. Special-purpose buildings. The 1966 program provides for design of special facilities at the Denver, Colo., field center. Reimbursable obligations.-Reimbursements from nonFederal sources are from States and municipalities for making cooperative topographic and geologic surveys and water resources investigations (44 Stat. 963), proceeds from sale to the public of copies of photographs and records (43 U.S.C. 45), proceeds from sale of personal property (40 U.S.C. 481 (c)), reimbursements from permittees and licensees of the Federal Power Commission (16 U.S.C. 797), and reimbursements from friendly countries and international organizations for technical assistance (22 U.S.C. 2357). Reimbursements from other Federal agencies (31 U.S.C. 686) are for special purpose mapping and investigations performed at the request of the financing agency, much of which contributes to the basic objectives of the Geological Survey. An unobligated balance of $400 thousand is carried forward each year to pay the expenses of reimbursable work pending collection from cooperating agencies. This advance is not available for obligation. 42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities.. Subtotal.... Quarters and subsistence charges. Total reimbursable obligations................ THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARIES 1. Stabilization payments.-This program provides for stabilization payments for lead and zinc ores and concentrates in order to stabilize the mining of lead and zinc by small domestic producers. Payments are computed for lead at 75% of the difference between 14%1⁄2 cents per pound and the average market price for the month in which the sale occurred and for zinc at 55% of the difference between 14%1⁄2 cents per pound and the average market price for the month. The total amount of payments which may be made in each calendar year of the program is limited, as are the tons of lead and zinc on which payments may be made. Current estimates indicate that funds available will exceed requirements to finance the program which will terminate on December 31, 1965. Approximately $2 million will remain unobligated after all expected expenses are paid at the close of 1966. 2. Administration. This activity finances the processing and certification of applications from small domestic producers, the establishment of quotas and allocations and the processing of claims for payment. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) Relation of obligations to expenditures: 71 Total obligations (affecting expenditures).. 3 3 When lessees or operators drilling for oil and gas on public lands strike water, water wells may be developed by the Department from proceeds from the sale of water from existing wells (30 U.S.C. 221-229). No obligations are anticipated in 1966. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS The amount appropriated for the Geological Survey shall be available for purchase of not to exceed [fifty] forty-three passenger motor vehicles, for replacement only; reimbursement of the General Services Administration for security guard service for protection of confidential files; contracting for the furnishing of topographic maps and for the making of geophysical or other specialized surveys when it is administratively determined that such procedures are in the public interest; construction and maintenance of necessary buildings and appurtenant facilities; acquisition of lands for gaging stations and observation wells; expenses of U.S. National Committee on Geology; and payment of compensation and expenses of persons on the rolls of the Geological Survey appointed, as authorized by law, to represent the United States in the negotiation and administration of interstate compacts. (Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1965.) General and special funds: CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES For expenses necessary for promoting the conservation, exploration, development, production, and utilization of mineral resources, including fuels, in the United States, its Territories, and possessions; and developing synthetics and substitutes; [$30,100,000, including not to exceed $700,000 for travel and transportation of persons] $31,625,000. (30 U.S.C. 1-11; Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1965.) Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars) 1965 1966 estimate estimate 6,369 2,329 933 1,033 10,015 10,345 2,807 3,162 6,179 6,549 (b) Petroleum.. 2,161 2,329 (c) Oil shale.. 866 (d) Metallurgy 9,538 (e) Mining.. 2,556 (f) Marine mineral mining.. (8) Explosives.... 234 2. Resource development: (a) Statistics... (b) Economic analysis. (c) Bituminous coal... (d) Anthracite. (e) Petroleum. (f) Minerals. 560 3,144 (g) International activities.. 3. Property or services transferred out, 25 Unobligated balance lapsing-- New obligational authority 563 Provision is made for conserving, evaluating, and developing mineral resources. 1. Research (a) Coal.-The chemical and physical properties of coal and lignite, and their preparation, Research is continuing on the development of a stationary combustion, carbonization, and gasification are studied. coal-burning gas turbine to provide a method of increasing the efficiency of steam-generating equipment. (b) Petroleum.-Research is conducted to conserve petroleum and natural gas resources by improving the processes of recovery and utilization, and to promote improved efficiency in processing and use of raw materials produced from these resources. The work is carried out in cooperation with Federal and State agencies and with industry associations, and is partially supported financially by many of these agencies and associations. (c) Oil shale.-Research is carried out on oil shale to determine the composition of the various products obtainable, to test the applicability of those products to different uses, and to develop and evaluate new retorting concepts. Basic studies initiated on in situ recovery of oil from oil shales show potential for considerable reduction of the costs of retorting oil shale. (d) Metallurgy.-Research is carried out seeking improved processes for extracting metals and nonmetals from their ores by physical, chemical, and electrical techniques, and for producing superpure materials. Study of the structure of metals, alloys, and ceramic compounds and the physical and thermodynamic properties of materials is included. Emphasis is being placed on ferrous metal scrap problems, particularly the economic utilization of auto-body scrap and the elimination of unsightly 31,625 junk heaps now marring roadside areas throughout the 31,625 country. (e) Mining.-Research effort applies physics and mining engineering principles to all phases of mineral mining. 29,369 30,891 31,625 Fundamental studies range from the physical nature of rock structures through the application of rock mechanics THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARIES MINERAL RESOURCES-Continued BUREAU OF MINES-Continued General and special funds-Continued CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES-con. to exploration, development, and operational problems of mining. Highly specialized research is conducted on the mechanisms of penetrating and breaking rock. The problem of ground control is attacked by developing methods of stabilizing underground openings and techniques for designing efficient open-pit slopes. New work will include extension of applied rock mechanics studies into coal mines to develop engineering principles required for safe economic physical design of modern coal mining systems, engineering application of results of previous studies in underground metal mines and increased effort on studies of nature and behavior of rock and rock masses in relation to the mining processes. (f) Marine mineral mining.-Research is devoted to the conception, development, testing, and evaluation of instruments and hardware for undersea mining. Investigations are concerned with the nature and extent of oceanic deposits and the mining and processing of materials recoverable from such deposits. During 1966, the scale model of a recovery device will be prepared for tank prepared for tank testing and evaluation, and construction will be undertaken of a prototype for field study. (g) Explosives. Research is conducted to provide information and guidance to industry, other Federal agencies, and State and local governments on safe handling and use of commercial explosives and blasting agents; the safety characteristics of explosives certified for use in underground coal mines; the hazards of gas and vapor explosions from flammable liquids and/or gases; and the means of controlling fires in mineral fuels and their products. The program for 1966 provides for a study of the aerodynamics of explosions and an investigation of the relationship between the physical characteristics of various types of ammonium nitrate prills. Pennsylvania anthracite industry; to increase the safety of mining operations and conserve fuel and energy reserves through proper control and drainage of anthracite mine water; and to eliminate hazards to public health and safety brought about by past mining practices. (e) Petroleum.-Technical and economic studies cover the location, extent, and utilization of energy resources contained in petroleum, natural gas, and marginal bituminous substances. Present and possible future trends in production, technology, and practices and their effects on various sectors of the petroleum and natural gas industries will be considered and evaluated on a continuing basis. (f) Minerals.-Resource investigations are made of mineral deposits to gain better knowledge of the location, quantity, quality, and recoverability of specific mineral resources. Investigations of marginal or submarginal mineral deposits are aimed at determining possible future utilization. Economic forecasting is undertaken, with special attention to shifting demand for mineral commodities, to help guide industrial, business, and Government planning and assist in the direction of mineral research. Increasing attention is given to production cost levels and to technologic trends. During 1966, systematic investigations will be made of the mineral resources of wilderness areas within the national forests as directed by the Wilderness Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-577). (g) International activities.-Technical and economic nation data on foreign mineral resources, production and consumption, and international trade are compiled and analyzed for Government use in coping with problems of mineral supply and to assist industry in planning domestic and foreign minerals ventures. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) Identification code 11.1 11.3 11.5 Personnel compensation: 12.0 Personnel benefits... 2. Resource development-(a) Statistics.--Mineral statistical programs and systems, are carried out. Reports on mineral production and consumption are issued for use of Federal, State, and local government agencies, the press, professional and technical publications, and industry. Modernization of data collection and processing 24.0 Printing and reproduction. will be accomplished by electronic automation of selected statistical surveys. (b) Economic analysis.-Economic information concerning mineral supply and demand, tariffs, taxes, trade, and other economic matters is furnished to Government and industry to aid in planning industry and Government research efforts, and industry expansion and investment. (c) Bituminous coal.-Comprehensive technical and economic information is provided relating to production, recovery, processing, transportation, and utilization of coal and related products. Guidance is provided for technological and economic research carried out by industry. (d) Anthracite.—Research is directed to the development of engineering and economic data on anthracite required by Government, industry, and the general public to assist in promoting the economic well-being of the 25.1 Other services.. Permanent positions.... Positions other than permanent.. Total personnel compensation. Rent, communications, and utilities. 140 935 350 810 1,568 1,784 1,850 1,759 1,670 1,700 175 100 100 32.0 Lands and structures.. Subtotal.. 95.0 Quarters and subsistence charges... 99.0 Total number of permanent positions.. Full-time equivalent of other positions.. Average GS grade.. Average salary of ungraded positions.. 8.6 8.6 $8,880 $8.354 $8,792 $6,170 $6,248 $6,335 |