I think that the comparison between an operation of this type or the Experiment in International Living, in which I served, is not exactly on all fours with requesting people to go abroad and give 2 years of their lives, and go with a particular skill, a language qualification, to do a job which has been requested by a foreign govern

ment.

The Crossroads Africa people go over and do work on projects.

For example, in Guinea last year they built a rather large sort of student center. They were not able to complete it in a 3-month period, and some people are going back this year to try to complete the structure which they started last year.

But our people, Senator, I would like to emphasize, are going over to do specific jobs which have been requested by foreign govern

ments.

In some cases it has been indicated to us that, perhaps, it would be helpful if they could stay for more than 2 years, particularly in the teaching jobs.

ATTITUDE OF CERTAIN AFRICAN COUNTRIES, PARTICULARLY GUINEA, TOWARD THE PEACE CORPS

Senator HICKENLOOPER. With regard to the doing of jobs at the request of foreign governments, it is my information that Guinea, for instance, has taken a definite stand against the Peace Corps.

Mr. SHRIVER. Did you say Guinea, Senator?

Senator HICKENLOOPER. Yes.

Mr. SHRIVER. Well, no, sir. I was there last week, and I had a very fine reception from the President of Guinea.

I spent 4 or 5 hours with him, and he was quite enthusiastic, rather surprisingly so because in some places it had been thought previously that Guinea was a country that might not welcome the Peace Corps, but it seems unofficially that, perhaps, they do.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. It has been reported that the secretary general of the African National Democratic Party of Southern Rhodesia has warned the party's followers to "beware of the new imperialist Americans," and that President Sekou Touré of Guinea told him that the Peace Corps will be "the penetrating arm of American imperialism." I hope he has changed his mind about that, if he did say it.

Mr. SHRIVER. Well, you would be interested, Senator, I think, to know that we got up at 7 o'clock one morning last week, I guess it was Thursday, and the President of Guinea came in his automobile, and took me 150 miles over Guinea, through seven or eight different towns and villages. In each one of these towns we had a big reception with bands and musical instruments and dancing, and on each occasion I had to give a little talk in response to a talk given by the mayor of the town. At the end of the day, the President of Guinea was exclaiming in French:

Long live the United States of America. Long live President Kennedy. Long live Africa.

He knew I was the head of the Peace Corps, so I do not think he has those same opinions now which he is quoted as having had previously.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I would not think so, with that kind of demonstration. But do you know of any expressions that he made before this?

Mr. SHRIVER. No, sir; I do not

Senator HICKENLOOPER. It has been reported that he endorsed the All-African Peoples' Conference, which paralleled the resolution urging Africans to conduct, and I quote, "a merciless struggle" against the use in Africa of the Peace Corps which, it said, was established to "reconquer and economically dominate Africa."

I am giving alleged quotes from the positions which they, at least, took at one time, and I am told that Guinea backed this attitude fully. I hope they have changed their mind. Such a demonstration would indicate they might have had a change of mind.

Mr. SHRIVER. Let me make it clear that we only go where we are asked. If Guinea does not want us, we would not go there, or any other place. But they seem to have changed their mind. What is that quote that you read from?

Senator HICKENLOOPER. It is supposed to be from the resolution of the All-African Peoples' Conference at Cairo.

Mr. SHRIVER. Well, a resolution was introduced at that conference, Senator, which probably said exactly what you have just read. But that resolution was not adopted by the conference.

it.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. The quote I have is that Guinea supported

Mr. SHRIVER. They may have been

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I am only inquiring as to Guinea's attitude-if they have changed their mind or if they never had the attitude; I just want to clear it up.

Senator LAUSCHE. Well, will the Senator yield?

Senator HICKENLOOPER. The Senator from Tennessee asked me to yield.

Senator GORE. In view of Mr. Khrushchev's recent dance, I just wondered if this conversion was brought about by the music, the speeches, or the dancing? [Laughter.]

Mr. SHRIVER. Well, I do not know, Senator. I doubt if it was brought about by any one of these three factors.

Senator LAUSCHE. Will the Senator yield now?

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I will yield.

Senator LAUSCHE. This is the greatest testimony I have ever heard about the Peace Corps. Just one visit has transformed Guinea into a friendly people!

Senator GORE. I think we had better appoint you Ambassador Plenipotentiary. [Laughter.]

Mr. SHRIVER. I am not here for confirmation, however, Senator. Senator GORE. We have already committed that sin. [Laughter.] Excuse me.

POLITICAL TESTS FOR POLICYMAKING OFFICIALS

Senator HICKENLOOPER. That is all right.

Now, on page 11 of the bill, beginning at line 5, there is an exemption for policymaking officials. It says:

except that policymaking officials shall not be subject to that part of section 1005 which prohibits political tests.

I assume that is section 1005 of the Foreign Service Act. What is the purpose of this exemption?

Mr. SHRIVER. If I understand section 1005 correctly, Senator, I think that it prohibits political, religious, and other tests in the selection of people who will serve overseas in these policymaking jobs. Is

that correct?

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I think the act provides-I may be wrong about it that no political tests are now applied, and I would say the listing of the prohibition would mean that political tests could be applied.

Mr. SHRIVER. Perhaps Mr. Kuhn could respond more fully. I think that is a section drawn out, right out, of the Mutual Security Act. Mr. KUHN. That is correct.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. What is in the act about that?

Mr. KUHN. There is a provision in the Foreign Service Act applying to career Foreign Service people, saying that political, religious, or racial tests shall not be applied. The Mutual Security Act provisions, which make it possible for ICA to appoint people under the Foreign Service Act for certain jobs abroad, contains an exemption to that provision applicable only to policymaking officials who will serve abroad.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I will now read section 1005 of the Foreign Service Act.

Section 1005. In carrying out the provisions of this act, no political test shall be required and none shall be taken into consideration, nor shall there be any discrimination against any person on account of race, creed, or color.

I just fail to see the reason for eliminating that particular provision, and saying that persons employed under this act shall not be subject to that provision.

Mr. SHRIVER As I say, Senator, this was taken out of the Mutual Security Act, and if this is the cause of any concern, so far as I personally believe, we could accept an amendment on that.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. I do not think it is sufficient to say it was taken out of the Mutual Security Act. I think there should be a fundamental reason as to why there should be such an exception.

Mr. SHRIVER. As we all know, political considerations frequently do enter into the selection of policymaking people, which is all that is covered by this.

This would not include volunteers or volunteer leaders or anything like that, but it might include somebody who is a Peace Corps representative on the staff of the Ambassador, but there is not anything of sufficient importance here to use to make a big point out of it. We are willing to go along with it, but we do not have to have it.

In the Mutual Security Act, the purpose of it was to permit the selection of chiefs of mission who do have a policy role to play in some countries, at any rate, or may have one to play, and to permit, in the selection of them, the introduction of this particular test or qualification.

All I am saying is that it might be true under certain circumstances that a Peace Corps representative in a particular country might be a better person or a person better able to carry on his job if he were chosen in accordance with the standards of the Mutual Security Act. But it is not an essential thing over which we would make a big point, if this were distasteful for any reason to members of the committee.

OATH TO SUPPORT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Senator HICKENLOOPER. Well, would the volunteers and the volunteer leaders, and so on, be required to take the usual oath to support the Government of the United States, and so on?

Mr. SHRIVER. That is our intention; yes, sir.

Senator HICKENLOOPER. Well, it is getting late. I think I will desist. Thank you very much.

The CHAIRMAN. The Senator from Tennessee.

Senator GORE. Mr. Chairman, since I have a luncheon engagement at 12:30, I would like to pass for the time being.

The CHAIRMAN. I may announce that we will reassemble at 2:30 for the continuation of the examination of Mr. Shriver. might continue for 10 minutes if anybody wishes.

But we Would the Senator from Vermont care to ask anything now?

REQUESTED APPROPRIATIONS

Senator AIKEN. I do not have many questions, anyway. I would ask Mr. Shriver this: When you came before this committee in March for the purpose of getting the approval of the committee of your appointment, you stated then that the maximum cost of the Peace Corps this year would not be over $10 million and might not be more than $3 or $4 million. Now, the request is for $40 million. Does that mean that the year's trial period originally contemplated has been given up and the Peace Corps is expected to reach full bloom much earlier than was anticipated in March?

Mr. SHRIVER. No, sir. I am afraid that I may have left an incorrect impression before.

The figure of $5 or $10 million was the amount that we thought we might be able to utilize successfully and prudently in fiscal year 1961. As a matter of fact, we have not even gotten anywhere close to that. We have only committed approximately $2 million in fiscal 1961, so the figure of $2 million which we have actually spent or expect to obligate in 1961 is the figure which compares to the $5 or $10 million which I mentioned when I was here for confirmation purposes.

The second part of your question had to deal with the trial period, the experimental period. I think it was the intention of the President's message to indicate that there would be an experimental period, but he also pointed out that he wanted permanent legislation as soon as possible so that the Congress would have an opportunity to oversee the operations of this agency, and this agency would then have the responsibility of reporting directly to the Congress on all expendi

tures.

At no time, Senator, do I believe was there any indication that there would be a 1 year's trial period. My understanding always was that there would be this 3- or 4-month period when we tried to ascertain the answers to the most difficult problems, such as the supply, training, demand, and selection of Peace Corps volunteers, and we come here now having gotten substantial evidence, we think, on those substantial points, not to ask for an additional year's trial period, but to place the Peace Corps on a permanent basis in accordance with the original suggestion the President made in his first message to Congress on the Peace Corps.

Senator AIKEN. But you have progressed a little faster toward developing the program than we anticipated earlier in the year. Mr. SHRIVER. We have progressed faster than some people anticipated; yes, sir.

ENTERTAINMENT EXPENSES

Senator AIKEN. All right.

Another question relates to funds available for expenditure, which include entertainment. This is page 27, paragraph 5, entertainment.

(5) entertainment (not to exceed $5,000 in any fiscal year except as may otherwise be provided in an appropriation or other act.)

Is $5,000 an overall amount?

Mr. SHRIVER. Yes, sir; it is.

Senator AIKEN. For everybody? Who would be entitled to spend the representation allowance: would it be the people in the field, the policymakers, or the people in Washington?

Mr. SHRIVER. This $5,000, Senator Aiken, is mostly for domestic U.S. purposes. This does not have anything to do with representation allowances overseas. This is for personnel who do not get representation allowances.

For example, giving you a case in point, a very distinguished Englishman who has been very instrumental in developing an English type of Peace Corps operation came to this country at the request of the State Department, and while he was here he gave us the benefit of his advice and experience, and he came to dinner with a number of our people on two occasions, and there were 10 or a dozen people for dinner, and there was no money for anybody to pay for that, so we picked up the cost ourselves, I mean individually. That is what this $5,000 is for, to cover that kind of entertainment primarily in the United States.

Senator AIKEN. That is the same amount as the Senate Foreign Relations Committee has per year.

Mr. SHRIVER. $5,000?

Senator AIKEN. $5,000 for the entertainment of foreign visitors or visitors from other parliamentary bodies.

Mr. SHRIVER. If that seems too much, why, it is all right with us. Senator AIKEN. I am not criticizing it.

Mr. SHRIVER. We have not spent any of it yet.

REPRESENTATION ALLOWANCES AND EXPENSES OF A CONFIDENTIAL

CHARACTER

Senator AIKEN. I want to find out what will have for repre

sentation allowances in the field.

Mr. SHRIVER. In the field I think it is $8,500.

Senator AIKEN. $8,500?

you

Mr. SHRIVER. $8,500 for all the people in all the different countries. Senator AIKEN. Another question comes to my mind apropos of paragraph 7 on page 27:

(7) expenditures (not to exceed $5,000 in any fiscal year except as may otherwise be provided in an appropriation or other act) of a confidential character other than entertainment:

Is that to be available in the United States or in the foreign countries?