named as "antiparty" resisted these exposures after the 20th congress because they had been involved in many of the acts perpetrated and feared the wrath of the party and the people. They resisted change and fought to keep the status quo, as it had existed under Stalin. Two actions of great indignation were adopted unanimously-the recommendation for the expulsion of Molotoff, Kaganovitch, and Malenkov from the party, and the removal of Stalin's body from the mausoleum to be buried elsewhere. This was done quickly and decently.11 Commemorating the 45th anniversary of the CPUSA, Miss Flynn contributed an article in the Moscow Pravda condemning the Chinese Communists. She said that the CPUSA supported the Kremlin's "peaceful foreign policy." 12 Miss Flynn celebrated her 74th birthday during her visit in the Soviet Union. Greetings came to her from the central committee of the CPSU, then headed by Nikita S. Khrushchev. A speech in her honor was made by the veteran Communist guerrilla leader, Enrique Lister. In her reply she defended the Communist Party of the Soviet Union against the attacks of the Communist Party of China.13 A revealing article written by Miss Flynn which appeared in Political Affairs for November 1963, lifted the Iron Curtain to some extent with respect to the dominant role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union toward its affiliated parties, including the CPUSA. Having attended the Congress of the Rumanian Workers' Party in Bucharest in June 1960, as a delegate of the CPUSA, along with the representatives of 50 Communist and workers' parties, Miss Flynn told her readers: During the sessions of the Rumanian Congress I had had read to me by Russian translator a memorandum of the Soviet delegation, setting forth a series of complaints against recent actions of Chinese delegations at various internationas gatherings. *** 1 A preliminary secretariat was set up in Moscow in October in preparation for the 81-party gathering consisting of available representatives of 25 parties. * * * I was there to represent the CPUSA. *** A draft statement to be presented to the 81 parties for their consideration and adoption was prepared in advance by the central committee of the CPSU. *** Everything necessary was provided by the Russian hosts. ***The sessions were presided over by the host party-jointly by M. A. Suslov and B. Pono marov. *** When Comrade James E. Jackson and I prepared written speeches (I for the secretariat meeting and he for the full meeting), the Russians came to consult us in advance on the exact meaning of particular "American" words. *** Among other parties, Comrade Khrushchev singled out the American Communist Party again for a special toast, as a party bravely fighting for its rights to function in the heartland of imperialism.14 Miss Flynn was particularly frank in expressing the CPUSA attitude toward the Soviet Union. Writing in Political Affairs, the authoritative theoretical organ of the CPUSA, Miss Flynn who was at the time chairman of the CPUSA, declared: We who are friends of the Soviet Union should not permit ourselves to be maneuvered into an anti-Soviet attitude, but should try, at all times, to understand its position, as a Socialist country. All our pressure should be on our own country to negotiate, and help establish peace in the world.15 [Italics supplied.] Elizabeth Gurley Flynn died in a Moscow hospital at the age of 74. The cause of death was announced as a blood clot on the lung. 11 The Worker, Dec. 3, 1961, p. 7. 12 New York Times, Sept. 1, 1964, p. 23. 13 The Worker, Aug. 23, 1964, pp. 6 and 7. 14 Political Affairs, November 1963, "Recollections of the 1960 Conferences," pp. 22 to 38. 15 Political Affairs, December 1961, p. 26, in an article titled "Impressions of the XXII Congress." It was ordered, with the approval of the CPSU, that her body lie in state in the Hall of Columns of Moscow's Trade Union House. The central committee of the Soviet Party formed a commission for the funeral, headed by Mikhail Suslov, leading theoretician of the CPSU.16 Miss Flynn, who was so signally honored by her Moscow mentors, will be remembered as having been convicted in 1953, under the Smith Act, of conspiring to teach and advocate the forcible overthrow of the United States Government. Miss Flynn was cremated in Moscow. An account of her funeral demonstrates again the close relations between the Communist Party, U.S.A., and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: The pallbearers included Herbert Aptheker," representative of the U.S. Com. munist Party, and L. F. Ilichev, a secretary of the central committee of the Soviet Communist Party. *** A number of Americans stood near by. Among them were John Abt, Elizabeth's attorney and friend, and Jessica Smith,19 the editor of the New World Review. *** We also noticed such veterans from former American struggles as Jacob Dvorkin and Cyril Lambkin.20 * * 21 16 Washington Star, Sept. 6, 1964, p. C-7. 17 Herbert Aptheker is a former editor of Political Affairs, monthly theoretical organ of the Communist Party, U.S.A. In proceedings before the Subversive Activities Control Board in 1956, Aptheker served the Communist Party, U.S.A. as an expert witness. In the past, Aptheker had been an editor of Masses and Mainstream, later known as Mainstream, another Communist magazine. He is the author of a number of books published by International Publishers and New Century Publishers, Communist publishing houses. He has been a teacher at such Communist schools as the Jefferson School of Social Science and the New York School of Marxist Studies. The House Committee on Un-American Activities, in a report during the 86th Cong., 1st sess., on "Communist Legal Subversion-The Role of the Communist Lawyer," included the following in a section entitled "Case Histories of Some Identified Communist Lawyers": JOHN J. ABT, NEW YORK 18 "Whittaker Chambers testified before this committee on Aug. 3, 1948, that in the early 1930's John J.Abt was a member of the so called Ware-Abt-Witt group which was composed of Communist Party members employed by various agencies of the U.S. Government. Abt held legal posts with various U.S. Government agencies from 1933 until the summer of 1938; he was in the Legal Division of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration of the Agriculture Department when Chambers knew him. Chambers stated that this underground Communist group to which Abt belonged was organized to carry out the Communist Party's plan to work its members into high, policymaking positions in our Government, with espionage as one of its eventual objectives. "Elizabeth Bentley, who served as courier between Soviet agents and Communist employees of the Federal Government in the early 1940's, described another so-called 'Perlo group' of Communists in the Government in sworn testimony before this committee on July 31, 1948. The Perlo group, according to Miss Bentley, was an underground group of Communists which had been operating since the early 1930's in the Federal Government and which had been collecting information for the benefit of the Soviet Union for some years. Miss Bentley testified that John Abt was the leader of the Perlo group before she herself took it over in March 1944, and that she met Mr. Abt twice for the purpose of being introduced to the members of the group. "At a hearing by this committee on Aug. 20, 1948, Abt was given an opportunity to refute these charges, but declined to answer questions regarding them on the grounds of possible self-incrimination. As a witness before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee on May 26, 1953, he again invoked the fifth amendment in refusing to answer questions regarding Communist activities. "In 1949 Abt issued a statement denouncing the conviction of the 11 Communist leaders under the Smith Act as an imposition of thought control. He was one of the lawyers who signed a brief petitioning the United States circuit court of appeals to void the contempt convictions of the lawyers who defended the Communist leaders." JESSICA SMITH 19 RED INQUIRY PANEL BALKED BY WOMAN-Washington, April 24-Mrs. Jessica Smith Abt, editor of the New World Review, today claimed her constitutional privilege against self-incrimination in refusing to tell the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee whether she was a Communist. She also attacked the "witch-hunting nature" of the subcommittee hearing. This brought a prompt invitation from Senator Herman Welker, Republican, of Idaho, that "if you want to be so high and mighty you can help us out by answering the question as to whether you are a Communist. Will you do that?" She testified that she and John Abt were married in 1937. But she invoked the fifth amendment in refusing to say whether she was married prior to that time to Harold Ware, or whether she had attended meetings of the "Ware cell" of Communists in Washington in the early thirties. Her answer was an indignant "Certainly not" when she was asked if there had ever been a meeting of (Source: New York Times, Apr. 25, 1956, p. 18.) CYRIL LAMBKIN 20 Cyril Lambkin was identified as a charter member of the Communist Party, U.S.A., by Liston Oak on Mar. 21, 1947, before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. ("Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the U.S. Regarding Leon Josephson and Samuel Liptzen," p. 71.) The Worker, Sept. 13, 1964, pp. 1 and 10. 70-589-67—2 On the occasion of Miss Flynn's death the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union sent to the CPUSA a long message of condolence which appears in the Worker of September 13, 1964, pages 3 and 11. High Soviet leaders in the honor guard included G. Voronov and D. Polyansky, members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party; and Efremov and M. Mzhavanadze, alternate members. ***. The secretaries of the Soviet Communist Party included L. Ilyichev, V. Polyakov, A. Shelepin,2la J. Andropov and P. Pospelov. *** 22 The New York Times of September 9, 1964, printed a photograph of Mrs. Nikita Khrushchev, wife of the then Soviet Premier, as a pallbearer at Elizabeth Gurley Flynn's funeral, along with a number of other U.S.S.R. VIP's. JAMES E. JACKSON, JR. Let us next explore some of the pilgrimages James E. Jackson, Jr., made to Moscow. Jackson has held a number of important posts in the Communist Party, U.S.A. In 1946, he was appointed to the post of chairman of the Commnist Party in Louisiana. In 1952, he became educational director of the Communist Party of Detroit. In 1953, he was awarded the post of southern regional director of the CPUSA. Since 1951 he has been a member of the national committee of the CPUSA and later was chosen as a member of its ruling secretariat. 23 Jackson was indicted on June 20, 1951, under the Smith Act, convicted, and sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment. His indictment was dismissed by the U.S. court of appeals on August 4, 1958, in line with a Supreme Court decision in the Oleta O'Connor Yates case. He served the Communist Party as editor of the Worker from early 1960 to February 1966. The Pravda, official organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, has described the procedure followed in arranging for the appearance of Mr. Jackson at the XXI Congress of the CPSU. We quote in part: At the invitation of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the following have arrived in Moscow as guests of the 21st Congress of the CPSU * * * A delegation of the Communist Party of the United States consisting of James Jackson, member of the executive committee of the national committee of the party and Morris Childs.24 25 On January 26, 1959, page 5, of the Pravda carried an article by James Jackson, who was identified by the paper as a "member of the executive committee and secretary of the national committee of the Communist Party of the United States of America." The article was entitled: "In the Interests of Peace." 21a Former head of the Soviet secret police. 22 The Worker, Sept. 13, 1964, p. 10. 23 "Communist Use and Abuse of U.S. Passports," pt. 2, SISS, p. 91. 24 Morris Childs, also known as Maurice Childs, also known as Morris Chilofsky and Morris Summers. He was identified by William O'Dell Nowell, former member of the CPUSA and former Lenin School student, of Detroit, Mich., as a student at the Lenin University in Moscow, as having relations with the OGPU (Soviet Secret Service), and a former district secretary of the Communist Party of Chicago. (Hearings before the Special Committee on Un-American Activities, vol. 11, pp. 7015, 7023-7025, House of Representatives, Nov. 30, 1939.) 25 Pravda, Jan. 25, 1959, p. 1. The head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, N. S. Khrushchev, personally made the following laudatory introduction in Jackson's honor at the 21st Congress of the CPSU: We cordially welcome the fighting Marxist-Leninist parties which have arrived at our congress from capitalist countries. The following delegations are at the Congress *** Communist Party of the United States of America, headed by the Secretary of the National Committee, Comrade James Jackson. [Applause.] 26 During his stay in the Soviet Union, Mr. Jackson was greeted with enthusiasm at celebrations obviously officially approved by the CPSU. The Pravda of February 3, 1959, raved as follows: At Receptions for the representatives of the foreign parties were held * * *. the "1905 Revolution” railroad car repair works a speech was given by James Jackson, member of the executive committee of the United States Communist Party. In the same issue of the Pravda, Jackson assured his Moscow superiors of his allegiance to the Moscow line and his opposition to American policy. He wrote: It is necessary to substitute Mr. Dulles' dangerous policy of "cold war" and of the balancing on the "brink of war" by a sound and wise policy of peaceful negotiations and peaceful settlement of all controversial issues, by a policy aiming at the establishment of cordial and friendly relations with the Soviet Union in all areas of life. This was but a few short weeks after the Soviet ultimatum to the Western powers in November 1958 which provoked the Berlin crisis. Mr. Jackson went on to contrast "the gloomy picture of present-day economic life in the United States" with the "unusual development now in progress in the U.S.S.R." The servility of the CPUSA toward its Moscow overlords is graphically demonstrated by the fact that Jackson, official CPUSA representative, delivered part of his speech before the 21st Congress in Russian. 27 The record of the 21st Congress indicates that Mr. Jackson acquiesced in the sharply anti-American threat made by Soviet Defense Marshal Malinovsky at the session on February 3, 1959, from which we quote in part: People beyond the Atlantic often say in speaking and writing that the U.S. Navy is able to deliver a blow and to make a landing on any point of our coast. ✶✶ ✶ It seems to me that some people on the other side of the Atlantic ought to ponder the fate of their own shores and very long communication lines, which are now enormously exposed and vulnerable, and consider that America's traditional invulnerability has been eliminated forever. Jackson, in effect, justified the Malinovsky threat when he declared at the congress: Certain imperialist circles within our country have brought great shame upon our country in Latin America, the Middle East, and Hungary, and elsewhere. Millions of our people, however, are increasingly struggling to remove these stains from our national honor, to establish a new course in foreign affairs, to replace brinkmanship with peace, economic blackmail with fair trade practices.28 In the manner of the Stalin days Mr. Jackson made verbal obeisance before Communist Boss Khrushchev, declaring that "Communists the world over will welcome the ideological contributions and profound insight from Comrade Khrushchev's report, for the solution of a number of problems of the struggle for peace, democracy, national freedom, and socialism." [But no word of protest emanated from Mr. Jackson on October 15, 1964, when Khrushchev was summarily removed by the ruling clique of the CPSU.] In his speech before the Soviet Party's 21st Congress on February 2, 1959, Jackson extended the Communist Party, U.S.A.'s "warmest fraternal greetings to the great Communist Party of the Soviet Union which boldly applying and developing the principles of Marxism-Leninism [applause] is leading the Soviet people to ever new social advances and onward to communism." 29 Upon his return to the United States, Mr. Jackson toured this country to give eyewitness reports on the 21st Congress.30 "Our party takes great pride in the fact that it was able to be represented on the guest list of the 21st Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union," declared Mr. Jackson before the 17th Convention of the Communist Party of the United States. He castigated those who "misrepresent and abuse us when we hold forth the banner of solidarity and internationalism." He charged them with trying "to represent this as some kind of an 'agency' relationship to Moscow" and with representing this "as some kind of puppet status of American Communists." He insisted that "there is no organizational or operational identity or tieup between Communist Parties-neither between our party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, nor between any of the parties of the world." 31 James E. Jackson's articles from the Communist press have been published in a volume under the title of "The View From Here." 31a We cite passages supporting the line of the Soviet Union: The Premier of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, gave his word that the missiles are being promptly withdrawn. * * * What then is the purpose to be served by Washington's insistence on inspections in Cuba but to provoke a new crisis and challenge to combat? (p. 65.) What did the socialist government of the Soviet Union do? It answered the appeal of the people of Cuba for arms to defend their liberty and lives from the murderous invasion forces poised for the attack in the ports of their huge neighbor and her allied countries. The shipping of arms to Cuba by the Soviet Union was in response to the flaunted design for invasion, the repeatedly advertised threat of U.S. forces to attack Cuba. (p. 67.) This great accomplishment of Soviet men of science (space flights) is a harbinger of the coming triumph of the Soviet Union who have readied on the launchpad of history a mighty social vehicle, the 20-year plan for the construction of communism within its borders. (p. 115.) The Soviet Union is wholly motivated by the necessity to eliminate a hotbed of war danger from the heart of Europe. (p. 116.) According to the New York Times of March 3, 1965, page 3, James E. Jackson, Gilbert Green 32 and Hyman Lumer 33 attended 29 The entire speech of James E. Jackson, Jr., before the 21st Congress of the CPSU, including sections quoted above, was included in a Moscow broadcast of Feb. 2, 1959. 30 The Worker, May 10 and 24, 1959. Political Affairs, January 1960, pp. 46-52, "Our Party and the World Communist Movement by" James E. Jackson. 31s Publishers New Press Co., Inc., 1963. 32 Gilbert Green, also known as Gil Green, was a member of the national committee of the Communist Party, U.S.A. He was sentenced to 5 years in jail under the Smith Act and 3 years for contempt of court because he did not surrender until Feb. 27, 1956. He was released from the Federal Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kans., on July 29, 1961. 33 Hyman Lumer was formerly national educational director of the Communist Party, U.S.A. He surrendered on Nov. 8, 1961, to begin an 18-month sentence, having been convicted under the Taft-Hartley Act. He was released from the Federal prison at Milan, Mich., on Jan. 18, 1963. In 1964, he was the editor of Political Affairs, monthly theoretical organ of the CPUSA. He spoke in Moscow protesting the trial of the CPUSA under the McCarran Act. (Worker, Feb. 14, 1965, p. 3). |