records on the treatment program for each inmate. Methods can be worked out to determine whether he succeeds in the community. By comparing these pieces of information the Bureau and the institution should be better able to judge whether the right things are being done. The funds required for this project include:

Mr. ROONEY. These are all nicely rounded figures, $300,000, $75,000, $75,000, $45,000, $50,000, and $73,000.

Are there any questions with regard to this?

Mr. MARSHALL. No questions.

Mr. BENNETT. May I explain it a little.

Mr. Bow. I have some questions, Mr. Chairman.

I understand, Mr. Bennett, that you have submitted this at the specific request of the Attorney General.

Mr. BENNETT. Yes, sir, that is correct.

Mr. Bow. His statement given to us here said that, "At my specific request the Director of the Bureau of Prisons has prepared an amendment to the budget."

Mr. BENNETT. Yes, sir.

RELEASE GUIDANCE CENTERS

Mr. Bow. These justifications indicate that the centers will be expected to accommodate a daily average of 12 to 15 men. Right? Mr. BENNETT. Yes, sir.

Mr. Bow. If we take the maximum of 15, and that is on a 90-day period, we could estimate that each center would handle about 60 men a year. Is that correct?

Mr. BENNETT. That is correct.

Mr. Bow. Or 240 men in total for a year.

Mr. BENNETT. That is correct.

Mr. Bow. What is your present prison population of youthful offenders who would be eligible to attend one of these centers?

Mr. BENNETT. We have all-told, Mr. Bow, about 5,000 youthful and juvenile offenders in our institutions.

Mr. Bow. They are the ones who would fit into this type program? Mr. BENNETT. Selected groups of them, yes. They would be removed from the institution and be put into these after-care centers. Mr. Bow. That leads me to this question: How many are being released yearly? I am talking about this particular age group. Let us confine ourselves to the juvenile cases.

Mr. BENNETT. About 1,500 a year.

Mr. Bow. That would leave you with about 1,260 that would not have an opportunity under this pilot program, at least, to get into it.

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Mr. BENNETT. Yes. This is just a start to try to find out how much can be accomplished by keeping these people under supervision in the community and providing them with intensive care.

As you, I take it, realize, a very large proportion of these, I should say at least 75 percent, are people with no homes or they are rejected by their families. That is the type of case we would send there, the youngster who without this kind of supervision would be discharged on the street and have to take care of himself. One of the great deficiencies or shortcomings of our whole program of rehabilitating and making our discharges into self-respecting, law-abiding citizens, is the fact that they do not have anybody in the community who is interested in them. There is no place for us to turn.

Mr. Bow. This figure, as I see it here, Mr. Bennett, for the 90-day supervision would cost us about $2,518 per man.

Mr. BENNETT. I do not think that could be right, Mr. Bow.

Mr. Bow. Two hundred forty would be eligible to go in a year at a cost of $618,000.

Mr. BENNETT. Oh, no. This is a demonstration unit. It would cost only $300,000.

Mr. Bow. Are you not going to use the demonstration guidance centers to make up your demonstration vocational training program? Mr. BENNETT. No, sir.

Mr. Bow. Are they not going to be used as the ones to make the demonstration program from?

Mr. BENNETT. No, sir. Those are separate programs.

Mr. Bow. It would be about half that amount, which would run it somewhere around $1,250 for 90 days for one of these boys.

Mr. BENNETT. That is right. That is a little high. We figure it might run to as much as $10 per day per boy. That was the basis on which we figured this.

Mr. Bow. The way it is set up now, it would be about $400 a month. Mr. BENNETT. We have had no experience in this. You can be

sure

Mr. Bow. If we figure that to where we try to take care of all of them, we shall run into a figure which would be staggering.

Mr. BENNETT. Some of them we would not need to take care of at all that way.

Mr. Bow. Just which ones do you anticipate taking care of, Mr. Bennett?

SELECTION OF INMATES FOR RELEASE GUIDANCE CENTERS

Mr. BENNETT. We anticipate putting in this group the boy who presents a really serious problem. Take a homosexual kid, for example, of whom we have a very considerable number. Somebody has to look after that youngster for a little while when he goes back into the community, to see if they can straighten him out, at least keep him under supervision and, if necessary, perhaps get him into some kind of State institution. The drug addict is another one.

Mr. Bow. Are these the ones you intend to put here?

Mr. BENNETT. We shall send there the problem cases. The drug addict is another one, the fellow who goes out and the thing he yens for most of all is another "jolt in the mainline," as he phrases it. If we can get him out there and get him a job and keep him in some sort

of sheltered situation, we can save that fellow, perhaps. If we can do that and if we can demonstrate to the community and demonstrate to the social workers that that is the kind of help the man needs, it will be spread elsewhere to the States. Money will be set aside for it. Private agencies will cooperate. There is no place we can turn now for this help.

SELECTION OF LOCATIONS FOR RELEASE GUIDANCE CENTERS

Mr. Bow. May I ask, Mr. Bennett, if an arbitrary figure is set up here, if it is purely on an experimental basis, why could we not use one at this cost?

Mr. BENNETT. Because we want to try it out in different cities. We want to try it out in a place like New York, perhaps. Perhaps Cleveland is one of our places where we are having a great deal of difficulty-Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago, Los Angeles.

Mr. Bow. What is your feeling as to why some particular location or city is important?

Mr. BENNETT. Because the large cities are where the high delinquency areas are.

Mr. Bow. Why could you not take one of them for the trial? You think it will work one place and not another?

Mr. BENNETT. I do. I think it will work one place and not another.

PER CAPITA COSTS AT RELEASE GUIDANCE CENTERS

Mr. Bow. That is the reason for the experiment. Shall we have to experiment over the whole country to find out?

Mr. BENNETT. Of course, this is not a very large experiment. Mr. Bow. It is pretty large when you figure it costs $400 per month per boy.

Mr. BENNETT. Let me make clear, Mr. Bow, that this is merely an estimate. If we can take care of more people for this money, you may be sure we will do it. We do not really know what it will be. If we can cut down the cost, we will do it. Instead of having an average of 15, we will have an average of 20 or 25 or 30 at a time.

Mr. Bow. Let me say to you, Mr. Bennett, my examination is not upon the basis I want to do anything to prevent rehabilitating these young people.

Mr. BENNETT. I understand, sir.

Mr. Bow. I will do anything to rehabilitate them. It seems to me that we are entering into something that I do not believe has been sufficiently studied to this point in the short time the budget estimate has been up here. I believe we should not move into it until we know a great deal more about what we are anticipating.

Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Bow, that is one of the reasons that we have not gotten started on this before. The reason we call this a demonstration, the State agencies say, "We don't know whether something like this will pay off." So it passed over or neglected from one year What we want to do to the next year, and nothing is done about it. is to go in here and show California, for instance

STAFFING OF RELEASE GUIDANCE CENTERS

Mr. Bow. Have you a trained staff for these locations?

Mr. BENNETT. Either we can get the staff from our own service or we can get it through contract with some local agencies.

Mr. Bow. I notice in here the possibility of operating these centers under contract is being explored. Can you tell us a little more about what you have in mind on that?

Mr. BENNETT. Yes. We have in mind making a contract, perhaps, with existing groups which provide shelter for such people. For instance, in St. Louis there is a Catholic priest who has the St. Dismas Home which he is operating on his own.

Mr. Bow. Doing this sort of thing you expect to do?

Mr. BENNETT. Yes, but for adults. He does it only for adults, for grown prisoners. We might be able to contract with him. We might be able to contract with someone like the Hull House in Chicago. We might be able to contract with the Family Service Agency. We might be able to contract with the YMCA. We have made enough explorations to know that we may be able to make a contract with some of these agencies. In New York City in the Harlem area they have a number of these so-called shelters to help these young people, and we think we can make a contract with them.

I think it is a very worthwhile program, Mr. Chairman, and something that begins to do something besides make studies. We begin to do something specific about trying to find an answer to this increasing problem of juvenile delinquency. As you know, the figures on cases going to juvenile courts are skyrocketing. We want to see if we cannot take the leadership and demonstrate that something like this can be done.