bers, nails, spikes, and bolts, except anchor bolts will be excluded.

(e) Rivet heads,—The weight of all rivet heads, both field and shop, will be assumed as follows:

(f) High-strength bolts.-High-strength steel bolts will be considered, for the purpose of payment, the same as rivets of the same diameter, with the weight of the bolt heads and nuts the same as the corresponding rivet heads.

(g) Welds. The weight of shop and field fillet welds will be assumed as follows:

The weight of other welds will be computed on the basis of the theoretical volume from dimensions of the welds, with an addition of 50 percent to the weight as an allowance for

overrun.

(h) Other items.-The quantities of other contract items which enter into the completed and accepted structure will be measured for payment in the manner prescribed for the items involved.

611.27 Lump Sum Basis. When the bid schedule contains a lump sum pay item, no measurements of quantities will be made, except as provided in subsections 109.01 and 611.28 (d).

Basis of Payment

611.28 Structural Steel:

(a) Furnished, fabricated, and erected.—The quantity, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per pound for "Structural steel, furnished, fabricated, and erected," which price and payment will constitute

full compensation for furnishing, galvanizing, fabricating, radiographing, magnetic particle inspection, delivering, erecting ready for use, and painting all steel and other metal and for all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, except as provided in subsections 611.29, .30, and .31.

(b) Furnished and fabricated. When a quantity and unit price for "Structural steel, furnished and fabricated" are shown in the bid schedule, the quantity, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per pound, which price and payment will be full compensation for, furnishing, galvanizing, fabricating, radiographing, magnetic particle inspection, shop painting, and delivering the structural steel and other metal free of charges at the place designated in the special provisions and for all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, save erection and except as provided in subsections 611.29, .30, and .31.

(c) Erected. When a quantity and unit price for "Structural steel, erected" are shown in the bid schedule, the quantity, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the said contract unit price per pound, which price and payment will be full compensation for unloading all the structural steel and other metal, payment of any demurrage charges, transporting to the bridge site, erecting, magnetic particle inspection and radiographing, complete ready for use, including furnishing and applying the field paint, and for all labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, save furnishing and fabrication, and except as provided in subsections 611.29, .30, and .31.

(d) Lump sum.-When the bid schedule calls for a lump sum price for "Structural steel, furnished, fabricated, and erected," the item will be paid for at the contract lump sum price, which price and payment will be full compensation for furnishing, fabricating, and erecting the material and for all work hereinbefore prescribed in connection therewith, including all labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, except as provided in subsections 611.29, .30, and .31.

The estimate of the weight of structural steel shown on the plans is approximate only and no guarantee is made that it is the correct weight to be furnished. No adjustment in the contract price will be made if the weight furnished is more or less than the estimated weight.

If changes in the work are ordered by the Engineer, which vary the weight of steel to be furnished, the lump sum payment will be adjusted as follows.

The value per pound of the increase or decrease in the

weight of structural steel involved in the change will be determined by dividing the contract lump sum amount by the estimate of weight shown on the plans. The adjusted contract lump sum payment will be the contract lump sum amount plus or minus the value of the steel involved in the change, and no additional compensation will be made on account of said change.

Full-size members which are tested in accordance with the specifications when such tests are required by the contract, will be paid for at the same rate as for comparable members in the structure. Members which fail to meet the contract requirements, and members rejected as a result of tests, will not be paid for.

611.29 Material Considered as Structural Steel. For the purpose of subsection 611.28, and unless otherwise shown on the plans, castings; forgings, special alloy steels, and steel plates, wrought iron, and structural shapes of expansion joints and pier protection will be considered as structural steel, except that when quantities and unit prices for certain alloy steels, forgings, castings, or other specific categories of metal are called for in the bid schedule, the weight of such selected material, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the respective contract unit price per pound for "Structural steel (alloy steel, forgings, casting, and/or other category), furnished and fabricated, and erected" or "Structural steel ( ), furnished and fabricated," as the case may be, and as named in the bid schedule.

611.30 Other Items. The quantities of all other contract items which enter into the completed and accepted structure will be paid for at the contract unit prices for the several pay items as prescribed for the items involved.

611.31 Payment as Reinforcing Steel. When the bid schedule does not contain a pay item for structural steel, the quantities of metal drains, scuppers, conduits, ducts, and structural shapes for expansion joints and pier protection, measured as provided above, will be paid for as reinforcing steel under section 602.

611.32 Pay Items. Payment will be made under:

Where separate payment is to be made for certain metals or for certain particular components, other than under the general provision for structural steel, designation of those particular cases will be inserted in the spaces provided in the pay names for items 611(2), 611(4), or 611 (6), as the case may be. In case more than one such special payment is to be made, letter suffixes will be included within the parentheses of the pay item number.

Section 612.-BRIDGE RAILING
Description

612.01 Scope. This work shall consist of bridge railing of the material or combination of materials shown on the plans, constructed in reasonably close conformity with these specifications, and to the lines, grade, and dimensions shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

612.02 Classification. Bridge railings will be classified as Concrete Bridge Railing, Steel Bridge Railing, Aluminum Bridge Railing, or Timber Bridge Railing in accordance with the predominating material contained in each.

Materials

612.03 Concrete. The materials for concrete shall conform to the applicable requirements prescribed in section 601. 612.04 Reinforcing Steel. Reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in section 602.

612.05 Steel. Structural steel, consisting of steel and iron plates, shapes, pipes, fittings, and castings shall conform to the requirements of section 611.

612.06 Beam Type Steel Railing. Beams, fastenings, and bolts shall conform to the requirements of sections 606 and 611, as applicable.

612.07 Aluminum Alloy. Aluminum alloy shall conform to the requirements of the following subsections:

612.08 Timber. Timber shall conform to the requirements of section 613.

612.09 Paint. Paint shall conform to the requirements of section 708, as designated in the special provisions or on the plans.

Construction Requirements

612.10 General. Bridge railing shall be constructed to the line and grade shown on the plans and shall not reflect any unevenness in the structure. Unless otherwise specified, all railing posts shall be vertical. Railing shall not be placed on a span until centering or falsework has been removed, rendering the span self-supporting.

612.11 Concrete Railing. All concrete shall be of the class or classes shown on the plans and all concrete construction shall conform to the requirements of section 601.

612.12 Steel Railing. Erection of steel railing shall conform to the applicable requirements of section 611 and section 606.

612.13 Aluminum Railing. The fabrication and erection of aluminum railing shall conform to the requirements of section 611 subject to the following amendments and additions:

(a) Cutting.-Material 1⁄2-inch thick or less may be cut by shearing, sawing, or milling. Material over 1⁄2-inch thick shall be sawed or milled.

Cut edges shall be true and smooth and free from excessive burrs or ragged breaks. Re-entrant cuts shall be filleted by drilling prior to cutting.

Flame cutting will not be permitted.

(b) Bending.-Material may be heated to a temperature not exceeding 400° F. for a period not exceeding 30 minutes to facilitate bending, unless cold bending is required to retain the original mechanical properties of the material furnished.

(c) Rivet and bolt holes.-Rivet and bolt holes shall be drilled to finished size or subpunched smaller than the nominal diameter of the fastener and reamed to size. The amount by which the diameter of a subpunched hole is smaller than that of the finished hole shall be at least onequarter the thickness of the piece. The finished diameter of holes shall be not more than 7 percent greater than the nominal diameter of the fastener except: