century you have, in fome inftances, miftaken our mutual intereff. I fent you my herds and my flocks, filled your people with abundance, and gave them leifure to attend to more profitable purfuits than the humble employment of fhepherds and of herdsmen. But you rejected my produce, and reprobated this intercourfe in terms the most opprobrious. I fubmitted; the temporary lofs was mine, but the perpetual prejudice your own. I incited my children to induftry, and gave them my principal materials to manufacture †. Their honeft labours were attended with moderate fuccefs, but fafficient to awaken the commercial jealoufy of fome of your fons; indulging their groundless apprehenfions, you defired my materials and difcouraged the induftry of my people. I complied with your wishes, and gave to your children the bread of my own; but the enemies of our race were the gainers; they applied themselves with tenfold increafe to thofe purfuits which were reftrained in my people, who would have added to the wealth and strength of your empire what by this fatal error you transferred to foreign nations. You held out another object to me, with promifes of the utmoft encouragement. I wanted the means, but I obtained them from other countries, and have long cultivated, at great expence, and with the most unremitted efforts, that fpecies of induftry which you recommended. You foon united with another great family §, engaged in the fame purfuit, which you were alfo obliged to encourage among them, and afterwards embarked in it yourself, and became my rival in that which you had deftined for my principal fupport. This fup port is now become inadequate to the increafed number of my offfpring, many of whom want the means of fubfiftence. My ports are ever hofpitably open for your reception, and fhut, whenever your intereft requires it, against all others; but your's are in many inftances barred against me: with your dominions in Afia, Africa, and America, my fons were long deprived of all beneficial intercourfe; and yet to thofe colonies I tranfported my treasures for the payment of your armies, and in a war waged for their defence, one hundred thousand of my fons fought by your fide. Conquest attended our arms. You gained a great increase of empire and of commerce; and my people a farther extenfion of reftraints and prohibitions 4. In thofe efforts I have exhausted my ftrength, mortgaged my territories, and am now finking under the preffure of enormous debts contracted from my zealous attachment to your interests, to the extenfion of your empire, and the increase of your glory. By the pre

The English act of Ch. II. calls the importation of cattle from Ireland, a common nuisance.

Wool. The linen manufacture. § Scotland. This number of Irithmen was computed to have ferved in the fleets and armies of Great Britain during the last war.

The furs of Canada, the indigo of Florida, the fugars of Dominica, St. Vincent's, and the Grenades, with every other valuable production of thofe acquifitions, Ireland was prohibited to receive but through another channel. Her poverty scarcely gathered a crumb from the sumptuous table of her fifter.'

feat

fent unhappy war for the recovery of thofe colonies, from which they were long excluded, my children are reduced to the loweft ebb of poverty and diftrefs. It is true, you have lately with the kindest intentions, allowed me an extenfive liberty of felling to the inhabitants of those parts of your empire, but they have no inducement to buy, because I cannot take their produce in return. Your liberality has opened a new fountain, but your caution will not fuffer me to draw from it. The ftream of commerce, intended to refresh the exhausted ftrength of my children, flies untafted from their parched lips.

"The common parent of all has been equally beneficent to us both. We both poffefs in great abundance the means of induftry and of happiness. My fields are not lefs fertile, nor my harbours lefs numerous than your's. My fons are not lefs renowned than your own for valour, juftice, and generofity. Many of them are your defcendents, and have fome of your best blood in their veins. But the narrow policy of man has counteracted the inflints and the bounties of nature. In the midst of thofe fertile fields, fome of my children perish before my eyes for want of food, and others fly for refuge to hoftile nations.

"Suffer no longer, refpected filter, the narrow jealousy of commerce to mislead the wisdom and to impair the ftrength of the state. Increase my refources, they fhall be your's; my riches and strength, my poverty and weaknefs will become your own. What a triumph to our enemies, and what an affliction to me, in the prefent diftracted circumstances of the empire, to fee my people reduced, by the neceffity of avoiding famine, to the refolution of trafficking almost folely with themselves! Great and powerful enemies are combined against you, many of your diftant connections have deferted you, increafe your strength at home, open and extend the numerous refources of my country, of which you have not hitherto availed yourfelf or allowed me the benefit. Our increafed force, and the full exertions of our strength, will be the most effectual means of refifting the combination formed against you by foreign enemies and distant fubjects, and of giving new luftre to our crowns, and happinefs and contentment to our people."

The voice of our fifter has been attended to, and fhe has fince expreffed herself in the language of acknowledgment, and reconciliation.

Art. 16. Terms of Conciliation: or, Confiderations on a Free Trade in Ireland; on Penfions on the Irish Eftablishment; and on an Union with Ireland. Addreffed to the Duke of Northumberland. 8vo. zs. Millidge. 1779.

This loofe, vague declamation difplays juft knowledge enough to furnish out an oration for Coachmaker's-Hall, or any other fix-penny club for beer and politics. Who the writer is, does not appear, but we are more than once given to understand, that a difregard of his advice produced all our American troubles: poffibly then, the dread of neglecting him a fecond time, may have proved a lucky circumftance for Ireland at this juncture.

Art. 17. Impartial Thoughts on a Free Trade to the Kingdom of Ireland. In a Letter to Lord 'North. Recommended to the Confideration of every British Senator, Merchant, and Manufacturer, in this Kingdom. 8vo. I s. Millidge. 1779.

This may probably be the fame letter-writer trying his dexterity on the other fide of the question; and it is not easy to decide between them, on the preference of execution.

POLITICAL.

Art. 18. Renovation without Violence yet poffible. 8vo. 6d, Longman. 1780.

The renovation here recommended to our attention, is that of the British conftitution of government; which conftitution the Author confiders as reduced to a state of debility and corruption. His plan is, to unite into one body of confederate states, the feveral diftinct parts of the empire, including North America, and the East and Weft Indies. He feems to be rather warmly attached to his project; but, though not a very difpaffionate writer, he offers fome ftriking. obfervations and in times like thefe, or in any times, every man fhould be heard, who has any thing to propofe for the welfare of the community. Solomon hath afferted, (and who fhall difpute with Solomon) that" in the multitude of counsellors there is fafety." Art. 19. A Letter to the Whigs. 8vo. 1s. Almon. 1780. An honeft, tefty, plain, old-fashioned difciple of John Locke (for fuch he profeffes himself) here avows his utter abhorrence of the reviving doctrines of paffive obedience and non-resistance, with all their odious train of defpotic ideas. He earnestly expatiates on the manifold corruptions of the ftate, and recommends truly patriotic affociations, as the only means of working out our political falvation. This zealous Whig feems to exprefs the dictates of a warm heart, in a blunt, unequivocal flyle, which, to many readers, will be more acceptable than the fmoother strain of more polished writers, and more refined reafoners.

Art. 20. The Republican Form of Prayer, which OUGHT to be ufed in all Churches and Chapels, &c. on Friday the 4th of February, being the Day appointed for a General Faft, &c. Without his Majesty's fpecial Command. 8vo. 19 Pages for 1 s. Bladon.

1780. Republican politics in fcripture language; or, the Bible turn'd American.

Art. 21. Difpaffionate Thoughts on the American War; addreffed. to the Moderate of all Parties. 8vo. 1s. Wilkie. 1780. Truly difpaffionate, and fenfible. The advice given by this moderate and judicious Writer, is, that we should immediately relinquifh the American war, as a scheme not only impracticable, but impolitic; and then to turn our whole national ftrength against the houfe of Bourbon: with whom, he thinks, we are able to cope, with every profpect of fuccefs. What he urges on this very important fubject, is the more worthy of attention, as he does not feem to be a party man. If he appears to lean any way, it is toward adminiftra

tion.

Art.

Art. 22. The Detector, No. I. to be continued occafionally, during the prefent Seffion of Parliament. 8vo. 6d. Becket. 1780.

SPECIMEN. To prevent thefe little fqualls from gathering into a hurricane, government fhould fend fome prefs-gangs to attend thefe county affociations; for many of those who are appointed to the Committee of Correfpondence, as well at York as at Middlefex, come within the meaning of the act; and I am of opinion they would appear more refpectable in the fubordinate character of a foldier, than a politician, as they feem to have more fpirit than wifdom, more ardour than difcretion, and more folly than judgment.' Art. 23. The Senfe of the People: In a Letter to Edmund Burke, Efq; on his intended Motion in the House of Commons, the 11th Init. Containing fome Obfervations on the Petitions now fabricating, and the propofed Affociations. 8vo. 1 S.

1780.

Becket.

Intended to prove that the fenfe of the affociators, &c. is not the fenfe of the people: a very fmall proportion of whom (the Author 'contends) have acquiefced in the refolutions of those who have af fifted at the county meetings. This feems to be a hafty writer, animated rather by an excess of zeal for the cause of administration, than by knowledge or judgment.

Art. 24. The Conftitution of England; in Five Letters: As they were published in the GAZETTEER in the Month of January, 1778; and now appear to merit a Republication, as they do, in a very clear and masterly Manner, fhew the conftitutional Right of the collective Body of the People to affemble and to declare their general Opinion on Matters of Government. To which is added, an Obfervation on the Impropriety of Petitions preferred by the conftituent Body to the House of Commons, or to either of the other two Branches of parliamentary Power. By a Freeholder of Middlesex; but no Petitioner. 8vo. I S. E. Johnson. 1780. Thefe letters contain many good, and fome uncommon, obfervations on the nature of our FREE conftitution: a fubject which very few of us attend to, and which fill fewer among us understand. Art. 25. Four Letters to the Earl of Carlisle, from William Eden, Efq; The Third Edition. To which is added, a Fifth Letter. 8yo. 4s. fewed. White, &c. 1780.

In our Review for December laft, we gave fome account, from the first edition, of Mr. Eden's very fenfible and elegant correspondence with Lord Carlisle, his brother Commiffioner, on the late unfuccessful business of our overtures to America. We there remarked, among other obfervations, that thefe Letters contain a ferious, accurate, and comprehenfive review of the prefent political fituation of this country; including diftinét eftimates of our public difficulties, and our national refources: from all which the very ingenious Writer "fees, or thinks he fees, [his own words] much folid ground for hope, and none for defpondency."-We added, that whatever are Mr. Eden's principles (for he is undoubtedly partial to adminiftration) he writes with a masterly pen-that his mode of argu

M 4

ment

ment is candid, and his manner agreeable. We may here, too, observe, that he all along preserves fuch an air of moderation, and decent regard to the characters and opinions of refpectable men, who entertain different fentiments, both of measures and profpes, as cannot fail of procuring for himfelf, and for his reafonings, a great degree of approbation, and deference, from all parties, where violence does not exclude candour, and prejudice shut the door against conviction.

In the fifth Letter, added in the prefent edition, the Author treats on POPULATION; on certain REVENUE LAWS and REGULATIONS, connected with the interets of COMMERCE; and on PUBLIC OECONOMY. On all thefe fubjects, he is the meffenger of glad tidings. His fpeculations are of a complexion very oppofite to thofe of Dr. Price, whofe eftimates, and moft alarming deductions, he endeavours to refute; while he oppofes him in a manner becoming the character of a Gentleman, and with that conciliating urbanity, from which men of letters fhould never depart.-Though Mr. Eden is confidered as a ministerial advocate, he treats Dr. P. with that politeness and refpect which are undoubtedly due not only to the Doctor's abilities, but to his truly patriotic views as a public writer: and he candidly acknowledges himfelf indebted to his reverend antagonist for that liberality of mind with which,' fays Mr. Eden, he has communicated to me the knowledge of fome of my own errors, at the fame time that he differed from me, as to the principal pofitions which I had wished to establish.'-This is hand fome; and it will feem not only HANDSOME but GENEROUS, if we allow that he has the advantage of the Doctor on the fubje&ts of the Coinage, and of the Population of England. We cannot pretend, here, to enter into the calculations made by these ingenious writers, with refpect to the laft mentioned fubject, nor to examine the data on which they are founded; but we hope, at leaft, that Mr. Eden is right in his attempt to prove, in oppofition to Dr. P. that this country is not in a decreasing flate of population.

Art. 26. The Syftem. Occafioned by the Speech of Leonard Smelt, Efq; late Sub-governor to their Royal Highneffes the Prince of Wales and Bishop of Ofnaburgh, at the Meeting at York, Dec. 30, 1779. 8vo. 6d. Almaon.

A very good whiggish fermon, to which Mr. Smelt's speech ferves for a text. The Author writes with a becoming decency of language, but his fentiments and reafonings are not the less weighty or energetic on this account; nor is the view that he has given of our political fituation the lefs alarming for the difpaffionate terms in which he expatiates concerning the dangerous inroads that have been made on the British conflitution of government; and which are all refolved into the Syftem' that (as it is affirmed) hath been adopted by the fecret counsellors of the crown.'

*See, alfo, The Yorkshire Queftion,' in our last Month's CataJogue, Art. 13.

POETICAL.