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premises where the representatives of the bourgeoisie exercise influence over the workers."

In his application for a passport, in connection with his 1966 visit to Moscow, Hall claimed that he was contemplating visiting Russia and other countries for pleasure and study.42

But his actual purpose proved far more serious. While in Moscow, he was interviewed by a Soviet youth publication with regard to newly organized W. E. B. DuBois Clubs in the United States. The interviewer quoted him as saying that:

Quite naturally we have the closest ties with the DuBois Clubs since they occupy a Marxist position.

Hall also was quoted as stating that:

Many of the members of the DuBois Clubs have joined our party,

and asserting that these Americans

have to overcome in their minds the feeling of official patriotism.43

Hall dutifully reported the activities of the CPUSA to his superiors in Moscow when he visited the editorial offices of the Pravda, official newspaper of the CPSU. We present his remarks in part:

When I tell people that in the United States there is opposition to Washington's imperialist policy, it comes as a revelation to many people. *** It is of enormous importance now to achieve a broad political mobilization of people throughout the world against U.S. aggression in Vietnam. *** Thousands of Americans are taking part in demonstrations and meetings against the war in Vietnam. A new interpretation of patriotism is being born in the United States." Hall added exuberantly that "The recent 18th Congress of the U.S. Communist Party was a very important and joyous event.'

Under the byline of Arnold Johnson, the Worker describes the royal welcome given in Russia to Gus Hall:"

The editor of Pravda *** was among the first to greet Hall. A series of meetings and welcome events in Moscow and Leningrad followed, including a long discussion with the mayor and leadership of the Moscow Soviet, a conference with the editorial staff of Pravda, a session with the leadership of the party in Leningrad and a number of other meetings with political leaders. 45

The new 1966 program of the CPUSA, presented by Hall, excoriates the United States as "the whip and gun of counterrevolution," while it eulogizes the Soviet Union as "the most serious obstacle to global ambitions of U.S. corporate power." 46

While Hall's vituperation knows no limits when he refers in the press or on the radio to American policy, he blandly defends the territorial conquests of the Soviet empire. An example is this press statement issued by Hall:

The whole world is repelled with horror by this desperate banditry on the part of the United States. Our foreign policy is now in the hands of maniacs who endanger the safety of mankind. The United Nations must consider immediately quarantining the U.S. aggressor. Unless the American people compel such measures at once, we will be forced to shoulder the guilt for World War III.46

In direct contrast the new program of the Communist Party, U.S.A., as presented by Hall to its 18th national convention, glories

42 New York Times, Mar. 1, 1966, p. 17.

43 David Lawrence in the New Bedford (Mass.) Standard Times, Aug. 26, 1966, p. 6.

44 Moscow broadcast, Aug. 24, 1966.

45 The Worker, Aug. 30, 1966, p. 5.

46 New program of the Communist Party, U.S.A. (a draft), pp. 24 and 25.

46 The Worker, July 3, 1966, p. 1.

in the claim that "one-sixth of the world, the Soviet Union, has been wrested from imperialism" and further that "one-third of the world, the Socialist portion, has been wrested irrevocably from imperialism." 46b

In the current quarrel between the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Communist Party, Gus Hall has sided consistently with the CPSU, as his following statement indicates:

Therefore, it is all the more appalling that some leaders of the Communist Party of China, because of their own narrow factional purposes, are following a policy of attempting to drive the same wedge. But this attempt is also doomed. The attempt to split the very forces that make the present world relationship of forces possible. It is an attempt to split the force that has tipped the scales on the side of peace, progress, and socialism.

Who can now deny that it is the existence of the Socialist countries, and in the first place the Soviet Union, that has made possible the historic mass leap to independence and freedom by scores of nations and peoples within a very short period of years? ***

***Egypt needed a dam. The U.S. imperialists said: nothing doing. At this critical moment the Soviet Union came to the aid of this underdeveloped country.

China, which is herself the victim of generations of imperialist enslavement, is not ready or able to give such aid. In fact, the overwhelming majority of all industrial enterprises built in its first 10 years of Socialist construction in China came from the Soviet Union.47

For years, Art Shields has been a correspondent in the U.S.S.R. for the Communist press in the United States. Shields described the reception given to Gus Hall on the Soviet television as follows:

HALL SEEN ON SOVIET TV

BY ART SHIELDS

Moscow.-Gus Hall, chief spokesman of the U.S. Communist Party, appeared in millions of Soviet homes in an all-Union telecast last week.

Hall spoke after the evening newscast. This is a popular viewing time. He was heard in every Soviet city. And it is estimated that up to 70 million people listened in.

The broadcast was made from a tape produced in New York where Hall answered questions by a Soviet commentator.48

As a display of his loyalty to the CPSU, Gus Hall sent a message to the XXIII Congress of the Communist Party, Soviet Union, in the name of the CPUSA. He referred to the congresses of the CPSU as "landmarks along the path of human progress, toward a new society of socialism and communism." He added that "the XXIII Congress became a historic demonstration of a new level of the processes of reunification of the world Communist movement." 49

While his actions and most of his words confirm it, Gus Hall has been highly emphatic on occasion in denying the role of his party as a creature of the Soviet Foreign Office and of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In a pamphlet entitled "The Foreign Agent" by Oakley C. Johnson, the following statement is attributed to Gus Hall:

We vigorously and categorically deny that we are agents for a foreign power. There are no organizational ties between the Communists of this land and other

46b For July 1966: pp. 35 and 36.
47 The Worker, May 17, 1965, p. 3.
49 The Worker, Jan. 2, 1966, p. 2.
*The Worker, Apr. 12, 1966, p. 4.

lands. We just as vigorously declare our friendship to the Communists and people of the Soviet Union and other lands, and hold that the advocacy of such friendship is in the interest of peace and progress for the American people.49

Oakley Johnson has been identified under oath as a Communist Party member by two former CP members, Edwin P. Banta (before the House Committee on Un-American Activities on September 15, 1938) and John Lautner (before the House Committee on Un-American Activities on April 11, 1957). Johnson took the fifth amendment before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee on December 17, 1958, in refusing to answer all questions put to him regarding his Communist Party membership. Johnson was a speaker at the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Pravda. 50 He was assistant professor at the Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages during his stay in the U.S.S.R. from 1935 to 1937.51

40 The Foreign Agent, p. 31.

40 Worker, Aug. 28, 1962, p. 5.

1 Sunday Worker, Nov. 7, 1937, p. 11, magazine section. Daily Worker, Jan. 7, 1941, p. 3.

CPUSA AND THE SOVIET UNION-SOME OTHER ITEMS

The Soviet press has given editorial prominence to the activities of the Communist Party, U.S.A. The Moscow Pravda 51a devoted a full page (4.100 words) to the 18th Convention of the CPUSA. The layout included brief_articles by leading American Communists, including Gus Hall, Joseph North, Henry Winston, and Bettina Aptheker, interspersed with comments by leading Soviet journalists.52 The 18th convention of the CPUSA was considered by Moscow to be so important that it was covered and supervised by two Pravda correspondents: S. Vishnevsky and N. Kurdyumov. Their articles on the subject appeared in Pravda for June 26, 1966, on page 4.53

According to page 4 of the Pravda of May 4, 1966, Henry Winston, head of the U.S. Communist Party delegation to the CPSU Congress, was the guest of the Moscow Young Pioneers, a Communist youth organization. The CPUSA delegation was "cordially greeted by Pravda of February 7, 1966, as it left Moscow" 54

CPUSA National Committeeman Henry Winston was the subject of a stage-managed demonstration in Moscow as described by Art Shields in The Worker:

Six thousand men and women in the Kremlin's Palace of Congresses applauded an American Negro leader again and again as he denounced U.S. imperialism and Washington's dirty war in Vietnam.

The speaker was Henry Winston ***

Winston had come to Moscow as the head of the U.S. Communist Party's fraternal delegation to the Soviet Communist Congress. The day he spoke also happened to be his 55th birthday.55

The draft of the new program of the Communist Party, U.S.A., was reported approvingly by Pravda of March 23, 1966, page 5.56

Moscow's keen interest in the proceedings of the 18th convention of the CPUSA can be well understood in the light of the fact that in past years conventions of the CPUSA could be held only with Moscow's permission. For example, the Daily Worker of October 15, 1924, published the "Decisions of the Workers' Party (later known as the Communist Party, U.S.A.) Central Executive Committee," which read in part as follows: "The CEC (Central Executive Committee) authorized a request to the Communist International (with headquarters in Moscow) for permission to hold an annual convention of the Workers' Party some time during the month of January." With this procedure as a precedent it is reasonable to believe that Moscow permission to hold the 18th convention of the CPUSA was secured by the delegates who went to Moscow prior to the convention. Arnold Johnson, who was Gus Hall's traveling companion and press agent during their trip to the Soviet Union, also has spoken frankly

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about the CPUSA's primary devotion to the Soviet Union. directive which appeared in 1958, in Party Voice, Johnson wrote as follows: 56a

On March 31, the Soviet Union announced that it had called a halt to all tests of nuclear weapons and asked the United States and Great Britain to do the same. This historic action by the Soviet Union was welcome news to the people of the United States ***Nobody can seriously consider the Soviet decision to halt testing as a propaganda device.

The Soviet decision to halt testing nuclear weapons is of great historic meaning and marks a decisive turn in the struggle for peace.

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We must constantly, in discussions and literature, help to clarify issues, differences between the Soviet Union and our Government, the maneuvers of U.S. imperialism aimed at preventing a summit conference, etc.

We must forthrightly and continuously emphasize the role of the Soviet Union and the Socialist countries as the chief world force for peace.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union has expressed its complete satisfaction with the conduct of its American pawn, the Communist Party of the United States, in a cabled greeting to the latter's 18th national convention. The cablegram said:

In face of brutal persecution by the reactionary forces, the Communist Party of the United States of America, expressing the Socialist ideals of the working class and all working people of the country, is courageously struggling for the vital interests of the American working people, in defense of democracy, against monopoly, capital oppression, and omnipotence.

The U.S. Communists demonstrate their devotion to proletarian duty by their day-to-day participation in the class actions of the working people, by their program of active struggle against poverty, unemployment, and other social evils, by their untiring fight against shameful racial discrimination, for real equality for the Negro people, for the unity of all progressive and left forces in the Nation. True to proletarian internationalism and their patriotic duty, the Communists of the United States of America along with broad social forces emphatically oppose the dirty, shameful war that U.S. imperialism is carrying on in Vietnam, and demand that the United States stop its interference in the internal affairs of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and other countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, and the rights of all nations to independent development be respected. They are struggling for a fundamental change in U.S. foreign policy, to avert a world war, for a policy of peaceful coexistence between countries with different social systems.

Soviet people profoundly sympathize with the struggle of the Communist Party of the United States of America for friendship between the peoples of the United States of America and the U.S.S.R., which can make an important contribution toward strengthening world peace.

The Communist Party of the United States of America has won the deep respect of Communists of all countries by its principled struggle in defense of the scientific theory of Marxism-Leninism, by its consistent effort to strengthen the unity of the world Communist movement.57

Political Affairs, the monthly theoretical organ of the Communist Party, U.S.A., habitually carries frequent articles dealing favorably with the Soviet Union. Examples culled from 1965 issues include:

"Peaceful Coexistence and the Soviet Union" (March, p. 62);
"Soviet Agriculture" (April, p. 42);

"The Soviet Judicial System" (August, p. 58);
"U.S.S.R., Bulwark of Peace" (November, p. 1);

"Economic Changes in the Socialist Countries" (November, p. 11);

"Anti-Soviet Myths Refuted" (December, p. 60).

56 Official organ of the New York State Committee of the Communist Party. 7 The Worker, June 28, 1966, p. 5.

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