tica," calls him "a prudent, pious, and ingenious, person; admirably skilled, not only in mathematics, but also in all kinds of polite literature." Mr. Oughtred informs us, that he was the first in Cambridge who had expounded his "Clavis Mathematica," and that, at his importunate desire, he made additions to, and republished that work. Bishop Burnet says, "Ward was a man of great reach, went deep in mathematical studies, and was a very dexterous man, if not too dexterous; for his sincerity was much questioned. He had complied during the late times, and held in by taking the covenant; so he was hated by the high men as a time-server. But the lord Clarendon saw, that most of the bishops were men of merit by their sufferings, but of no great capacity for business. So he brought Ward in, as a man fit to govern the church; and Ward, to get his former errors to be forgot, went into the high notions of a severe conformity, and became the most considerable man on the bishops' bench. He was a profound statesman, but a very indifferent clergyman."

In the House of Lords be was esteemed an admirable speaker and a close reasoner, equal at least to the earl of Shaftesbury. He was a great benefactor to both his bishoprics, as by his interest the deanry of Burien, in Cornwall was annexed to the former, and the chancellorship of the garter to the latter. He was polite, hospitable, and generous and in his life-time, founded the college at Salisbury, for the reception and support of ministers' widows, and the sumptuous hospital at Buntingford, in Hertfordshire, the place of his birth. His intimate friend, Dr. Walter Pope, has given us a curious account of his life, interspersed with agreeable anecdotes of his friends. Pope's zeal and style, however, provoked a severe pamphlet from Dr. Thomas Wood, a civilian, called "An Appendix to the Life," 1679, 12mo, bound up, although rarely, with Pope's work.

Bishop Ward's works are, 1. "A Philosophical Essay towards an Eviction of the Being and Attributes of God, the Immortality of the Souls of Men, and the Truth and Authority of Scripture." Oxford, 1652, 8vo. 2. "De Cometis, ubi de Cometarum naturâ disseritur, Nova Cometarum Theoria, & novissimæ Cometæ historia proponitur. Prælectio Oxonii habita." Oxford, 1653, 4to. 3. "Inquisitio in Ismaelis Bullialdi Astronomiæ Philolaicæ fundamenta." Printed with the book "De Come

tis." 4. "Idea Trigonometriæ demonstratæ in usum juventutis Oxon." Oxford, 1654, 4to. 5. "Vindicia Academiarum containing some brief Animadversions upon Mr. John Webster's Book styled The Examen of Academies." Oxford, 1654, 4to. To this book is prefixed an Epistle written to the Author by one who subscribes himself N. S. and who is supposed to be Dr. John Wilkins, those two letters being the last of both his names.

6.

Appendix concerning what Mr. Hobbes and Mr. William Dell have published on the same Arguments." Printed at the end of "Vindiciae Academiarum." 7. "In Thomæ Hobbii Philosophiam Exercitatio Epistolica. Ad ampliss. eruditissimumque virum D. Johannem Wilkinsium S. T. D Collegii Wadhamensis Gardianum. Cui subjungitur Appendicula ad Calumnias ab eodem Hobbio (in sex Documentis nuperrimè editis) in Authorem congestas, Responsio." Oxford, 1656, 8vo. 8. "Astronomia Geometrica, ubi methodus proponitur, qui primariorum Planetarum Astronomia, sive Elliptica, sive circularis possit Geometricè absolvi." London, 1656, 8vo. 9. Several Sermons as I. Against Resistance of lawful Powers, preached November the 5th, 1661, on Rom. xiii. 2. II. Against the Anti-scripturists, preached February the 20th 1669, on 2 Tim. iii. 16. III. Concerning the sinfulness, danger, and remedies of Infidelity, preached February the 16th, 1667, on Heb. iii. 12. London, 1670, Svo. IV. Sermon before the House of Peers at Westminster, October the 10th, 1666, on Eccles. ii. 9. V. Sermon concerning the strangeness, frequency, and desperate consequence of Impenitency, preached April the 1st, 1666, soon after the Plague, on Revel. ix. 20. VI. Sermon against Ingratitude, on Deut. xxxii. 6. VII. An Apology for the Mysteries of the Gospel, preached February the 16th, 1672, on Rom. i. 16. Some of which Sermons having been separately printed at several times, were all published in one volume at London, 1674, 8vo. VIII. The Christian's Victory over Death, preached at the funeral of George duke of Albemarle in the Collegiate church of Westminster, April the 30th, 1670, on 1 Cor. xv. 57. London, 1670, 410. IX. The Case of Joram, preached before the House of Peers, January the 30th, 1673, on 2 Kings vi. last verse. London, 1674, 4to.

That by which he has chiefly signalized himself, as to astronomical invention, is his celebrated approximation to

the true place of a planet, from a given mean anomaly, founded upon an hypothesis, that the motion of a planet, though it be really performed in an elliptic orbit, may yet be considered as equable as to angular velocity, or with an uniform circular motion round the upper focus of the ellipse, or that next the aphelion, as a centre. By this means he rendered the praxis of calculation much easier than any that could be used in resolving what has been commonly called Kepler's problem, in which the coequate anomaly was to be immediately investigated from the mean elliptic one. His hypothesis agrees very well with those orbits which are elliptical but in a very small degree, as that of the Earth and Venus: but in others, that are more elliptical, as those of Mercury, Mars, &c. this approximation stood in need of a correction, which was made by Bulliald. Both the method, and the correction, are very well explained and demonstrated, by Keill, in his Astronomy, lecture 24. 1

WARD (THOMAS), whom we mentioned under the article Edward Ward, as being the real author of the Hudibrastic poem called "England's Reformation," was, according to Dodd, a learned schoolmaster, who becoming a Roman catholic, in the reign of James II. published several books concerning religion. Dodd says that in these "he was so successful, that, though a layman, he was able to give diversion to some of the ablest divines of the church of England. He some time rode in the king's guards; and it was no small confusion to his adversaries, when they understood who it was they engaged with; imagining all the while, they were attacking some learned doctor of the Roman communion." After the revolution he retired into Flanders, where he died soon after. He left two children, a daughter who became a nun, and a son whom Dodd speaks of as "now (about 1742) a worthy catholic clergyman."

The "books concerning religion" which Dodd ascribes to him, are, 1. "Monomachia; or, a duel between Dr. Tenison, pastor of St. Martin's, London, and a catholic soldier." 2. "Speculum Ecclesiasticum.", 3. "The Tree of Life," taken from a large copper cut. 4. Errata's of the Protestant Bible," 1688, 4to. 5. "The controversy of

Life by Popc.-Biog. Brit.-Hutton's Dictionary,—Granger.—Atb. Ox. vol. II.-Warton's Life of Bathurst, p. 52-54, 145.

ordination truly stated," Lond. 1719, 8vo, which occasioned several treatises on both sides upon that subject; especially that of Le Courayer. 6, "A confutation of Dr. Burnet's Exposition of the Thirty-nine articles," a MS. in the English college at Doway. 7. "England's Reforma. tion, in several cantos, in the Hudibrastic style," 4to, printed at Hamburgh, but reprinted at London in 1716, 8vo, and afterwards in 2 vols. 12mo. This is a malicious and scurrilous history of the changes in religion, from Henry VIIIth's being divorced from Catherine of Arragon, to Oates's plot in the reign of Charles II.; and is accompanied with many extracts from acts of parliament, state papers, and public records of all sorts. The imitation of Hudibras is tolerably successful, and there is a considerable share of humour, wit, and liveliness, but not enough to atone for the many misrepresentations of fact, and the malignant tendency of the whole. '

WARE (JAMES), an eminent antiquary, was descended from the ancient family of De Ware, or De Warr in Yorkshire, the only remains of which are, or lately were, in Ireland. His grandfather, Christopher Ware, was an early convert to the protestant religion in the beginning of the reign of queen Elizabeth, and that principally by the arguments and persuasion of Fox, the celebrated martyrologist. His father James, who was liberally educated, was introduced to the court of queen Elizabeth, where he soon became noticed by the ministers of state, and in 1588 was sent to Ireland as secretary to sir William Fitz-Williams, the lord deputy. He had not filled this office long before he was made clerk of the common pleas in the exchequer, and afterwards obtained the reversion of the patent place of auditor general, a valuable appointment, which remained nearly a century in his family, except for a short time during the usurpation; and his income having enabled him to make considerable purchases in the county and city of Dublin, &c, his family may be considered as now removed finally to Ireland. While on a visit in England, James I. bestowed on him the honour of knighthood, and as a particular mark of favour, gave his eldest son the reversion of the office of auditor general. He also sat in the Irish parliament which began May 1613, for the borough of Mallow in the county of Cork. He died suddenly, while walking the street in Dublin, in 1632.

1 Dodd's Ch. Hist, vol. III.-Gent, Mag, vol. LIV.

By his lady, Mary, sister of sir Ambrose Briden, of Maidstone in Kent, he had five sons and five daughters. His eldest son, the subject of this article, was born in Castlestreet, Dublin, Nov. 26, 1594, and discovering early a love of literature, his father gave him a good classical education as preparatory to his academical studies. In 1610, when sixteen years of age, he was entered a fellow commoner in Trinity college, Dublin, under the immediate tuition of Dr. Anthony Martin, afterwards bishop of Meath, and provost of the college; but his private tutor and chamber-fellow was Dr. Joshua Hoyle, an Oxford scholar, and afterwards professor of divinity. Here Mr. Ware applied to his studies with such success, that he was admitted to his degree of M. A. much sooner than usual.

After continuing about six years at college, he improved what he had learned at his father's house. It was here that he became acquainted with the celebrated Dr. Usher, then bishop of Meath, who discovering in him a taste for antiquities, gave him every encouragement in a study in which himself took so much delight. From this time a close friendship commenced between them, and Usher, in his work "De Primordiis," took occasion to announce to the public what might be expected from sir James Ware's labours. In the mean time his father proposed a match to him, which proved highly acceptable to all parties, with Mary, the daughter of Jacob Newman, of Dublin, esq. But this alteration in his condition did not much interrupt his favourite studies. He had begun to collect MSS. and to make transcripts from the libraries of Irish antiquaries. and genealogists, and from the registers and chartularies of cathedrals and monasteries, in which he spared no expence, and had frequent recourse to the collections of Usher, and of Daniel Molyneux, Ulster king at arms, an eminent antiquary, and his particular friend, whom in one of his works he calls "venerandæ antiquitatis cultorem."

After extending his researches as far as Ireland could afford, he resolved to visit England in quest of the treasures which its public and private libraries contained. Arriving at London in April 1626, he had the happiness to find his friend Usher, then archbishop of Armagh, by whom he was introduced to sir Robert Cotton, who admitted him to his valuable library, and to his friendship, and kept up a constant correspondence with him for the