mated construction cost $236,000; Multnomah County drainage district number 1, estimated construction cost $1,365,000; Peninsula drainage district number 2, estimated construction cost $1,103,000; Peninsula drainage district number 1, estimated construction cost $1,437,000; Sauvie Island (areas A and B), estimated construction cost $900,000; Columbia drainage district number 1, estimated construction cost $630,000; Bachelor Island, estimated construction cost $920,000; Scappoose drainage district, estimated construction cost $459,000; Lewis River area, estimated construction cost $300,000; Cowlitz diking improvement districts number 5 and number 11, estimated construction cost $1,100,000; Deer Island drainage district, estimated construction cost $105,000; Cowlitz County diking improvement districts number 2 and number 13, estimated construction cost $630,000; Consolidated diking improvement district number 1, estimated construction cost $1,880,000; Cowlitz County diking improvement district number 15, estimated construction cost $60,000; Rainier drainage district, estimated construction cost $576,000; John drainage district, estimated construction cost $50,000; Beaver drainage district, estimated construction cost $837,000; Clatskanie drainage district, estimated construction cost $100,000; Magruder drainage district, estimated construction cost $30,000; Midland drainage district, estimated construction cost $130,000; Woodson drainage district, estimated construction cost $25,000; Puget Island area, Wahiakum diking districts number 1 and number 3, estimated construction cost $1,269,000; Tenasillahe Island diking district number 6, estimated construction cost $100,000; Wahkiakum diking district number 4, estimated construction cost $400,000; Clatsop County diking district number 4, estimated construction cost $30,000; Clatsop County drainage district number 1, estimated construction cost $50,000; and to provide further for works in the lower Columbia River Basin at a total estimated cost of $2,973,000, as follows: Washougal area, Clark County, Washington, approximately five and one-half miles of levee, and other appurtenant works, at an estimated cost of $820,000 to the United States; Hayden Island, Oregon, approximately four miles of levee, and other appurtenant works at an estimated cost of $198,000 to the United States; Vancouver Lake area, in the vicinity of Vancouver, Washington, approximately eleven miles of levee and other appurtenant works at an estimated cost of $1,462,000 to the United States; Kalama River (south area) Cowlitz County, Washington, approximately three miles of levee, and other appurtenant works, at an estimated cost of $420,000 to the United States; and Clatskanie River area, Oregon, approximately two thousand feet of bulkhead and levee, and other appurtenant works at an estimated cost of $73,000 to the United States.

TERRITORY OF HAWAII

The project for flood protection at Kawainui Swamp, Oahu, Hawaii, is hereby authorized substantially in accordance with the recommendations of the Chief of Engineers in House Document Numbered 214, Eighty-first Congress, first session, at an estimated cost of $848,000.

SEC. 205. The Secretary of the Army is hereby authorized and directed to cause preliminary examinations and surveys for flood control and allied purposes, including channel and major drainage improvements, and floods aggravated by or due to wind or tidal effects to be made under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, in drainage areas of the United States and its Territorial possessions, which include the following-named localities, and the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to cause preliminary examinations and surveys for run-off and water-flow retardation and soil-erosion prevention on such drainage areas, the cost thereof to be paid from appropriations heretofore or hereafter made for such purposes: Provided, That after the regular or formal reports made on any examination, survey, project, or work under way or proposed are submitted to Congress,. no supplemental or additional report or estimate shall be made unless authorized by law except that the Secretary of the Army may cause a review of any examination or survey to be made and a report thereon submitted to Congress if such review is required by the national defense or by changed physical or economic conditions: And provided further, That the Government shall not be deemed to have entered upon any project for the improvement of any waterway or harbor mentioned in this title until the project for the proposed work shall have been adopted by law:

Mystic River and its tributaries, Massachusetts (between the Wellington Bridge and the Craddock Bridge).

Gülbert Run, Maryland.

Tobacco Run, Maryland.

94522-49-pt. 1—2

All streams in the State of Georgia flowing into the Atlantic Ocean between the Ogeechee River and Altamaha River.

Missouri River from the vicinity of the Iowa-Nebraska line near Watson, Missouri, to the vicinity of Leavenworth, Kansas.

Mud River, Thief River, Moose River, and Lost River, tributaries of the Red River of the North, all in the State of Minnesota.

Snake River, Tamarac River, Two River, Big Joe River, and Little Joe River, tributaries of the Red River of the North in the State of Minnesota.

Streams, and their larger tributaries, flowing through the Austin-Washington soil conservation district, the Bastrop-Fayette soil conservation district, the Calhoun-Victoria soil conservation district, the Middle Guadalupe Basin soil conservation district, the Navasota soil conservation district, and the Copano Bay soil conservation district, all in the State of Texas.

Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta Areas, California.

Gleason Creek, Robinson Watershed, in the vicinity of White Pine County, Nevada.

Streams flowing through Antelope Valley in Los Angeles and Kern Counties, California, with a view to their improvement in the interest of flood control, conservation of water resources, and related purposes.

Iao Stream, Kaunakaki, Territory of Hawaii.

SEC. 206. That section 5 of the Flood Control Act of August 18, 1941, as amended by section 12 of the Flood Control Act of 1946, and as further amended by section 206 of the Flood Control Act of 1948, is hereby further amended to read as follows:

"That there is hereby authorized an emergency fund in the amount of $15000,000 to be expended in rescue work or in the repair, restoration or maintenance of any flood control work threatened or destroyed by flood, including the strengthening, raising, extending or other modification thereof as may be necessary in the discretion of the Chief of Engineers for the adequate functioning of the work for flood control. The appropriation of such moneys as may be necessary for the initial establishment of this fund and for its replenishment on an annual basis, is hereby authorized: Provided, That pending the appropriation of said sum, the Secretary of the Army may allot, from existing flood-control appropriations, such sums as may be necessary for the immediate prosecution of the work herein authorized, such appropriations to be reimbursed from the appropriation herein authorized when made: And provided further, That the Chief of Engineers is authorized, in the prosecution of work in connection with rescue operations, or in conducting other flood emergency work, to acquire on a rental basis such motor vehicles including passenger cars and busses as in his discretion are deemed necessary."

SEC. 207. The Secretary of the Army is hereby authorized to allot from any appropriations heretofore or hereafter made for flood control or rivers and harbors, funds for payment of expenses of representatives of the Corps of Engineers engaged on flood control and river and harbor work to international engineering or scientific conferences to be held outside the continental limits of the United States: Provided, That not more than ten representatives of the Corps of Engineers shall attend any one conference: And provided further, That not more than $25,000 shall be allotted during any one fiscal year for this purpose.

SEC. 208. That section 205 of the Flood Control Act approved June 30, 1948, is hereby amended to read as follows:

"That the Secretary of the Army is hereby authorized to allot from any appropriations heretofore or hereafter made for flood control, not to exceed $3,000,000 for any one fiscal year, for the construction of small flood-control projects not specifically authorized by Congress, and not within areas intended to be protected by projects so authorized, which come within the provisions of section 1 of the Flood Control Act of June 22, 1936, when in the opinion of the Chief of Engineers such work is advisable: Provided, That not more than $150,000 shall be allotted for this purpose at any single locality from the appropriations for any one fiscal year: Provided further, That the provisions of local cooperation specified in section 3 of the Flood Control Act of June 22, 1936, as amended, shall apply: And provided further, That the work shall be complete in itself and not commit the United States to any additional improvement to insure its successful operation, except as may result from the normal procedure applying to projects authorized after submission of preliminary examination and survey reports."

SEC. 209. That the sum of $995,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for carrying out improvements under this title by the Department of the Army, and the sum of $10,000,000 additional is authorized to be appropriated and expended in equal amounts by the Departments of the Army and Agriculture for

carrying out any examination or survey provided for in this title and any other Acts of Congress to be prosecuted by said Departments.

SEC. 210. Section 607 of the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended, shall not be construed to prevent the employment of such additional personnel under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers as may be necessary to prosecute navigation and flood-control works herein or heretofore authorized.

SEC. 211. In addition to previous authorizations, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $200,000,000 for the prosecution of the comprehensive plan adopted by section 9a of the Act approved December 22, 1944 (Public, Numbered 534, Seventy-eighth Congress), for continuing the works in the Missouri River Basin to be undertaken under said plans by the Secretary of the Interior.

SEC. 212. The Secretary of Agriculture, in furtherance of the authority conferred upon him by section 13 of the Flood Control Act of December 22, 1944, to prosecute works of improvement on the watershed of the Santa Ynez River, California, is authorized to proceed forthwith to install on such watershed the program recommended under plan I of House Document Numbered 518, Seventyeighth Congress, second session: Provided, That in installing such program the Secretary of Agriculture shall be authorized to make such modifications of the recommended structural and land-use measures within minor tributary watersheds as may be found requisite to effectuate the purposes of plan I of said House document, at an estimated additional cost to the United States of $1,158,500.

SEC. 213. In addition to previous authorizations, the sum of $19,000,000 is hereby authorized to be appropriated for expenditure by the Department of Agriculture for the prosecution of the works of improvement authorized to be carried out by that Department by the Flood Control Act of December 22, 1944, as amended.

SEC. 214. Title II may be cited as the "Flood Control Act of 1949".

Senator MCCLELLAN. Many of us feel that it is important that we keep a backlog of economically justified river and harbor and flood-control projects ready so that the general program of construction can be carried on unimpeded as we make funds available for that purpose.

Now, we shall undertake primarily in these hearings to develop testimony regarding new projects; that is, projects that have been cleared through the Bureau of the Budget and other processes since hearings were held in the House. There are quite a number-I do not know how many-that are probably desirable to incorporate in this bill that had not been processed to that stage where the House could consider them at the time and place them in the bill; so we shall undertake to direct most of our testimony to those projects. And if any question arises in the minds of any of the members regarding any projects that the House did place in the bill, or if any opposition develops to any of them, we will undertake to hear that testimony, too. But, insofar as we can, we will try to avoid duplication of testimony that was heard in the House.

I have not had time to examine the House bill carefully, but I am advised that the House bill provides for 62 new river and harbor projects and 21 new flood-control projects. In addition, it provides increased authorizations for previously approved projects in 14 major river basins. Total authorizations included in the bill, both the increased authorizations for projects heretofore authorized and for the new projects, amount to $119,000,000 for rivers and harbors and $995,000,000 for flood-control projects.

Now, when we conclude the hearings here and act upon the bill, those amounts may be increased some by reason of the projects we will find it advisable to incorporate in the bill.

As is our custom, and as is a wise practice of procedure in the beginning of consideration of these measures, we invite the Chief of the

Army Engineers to give us a general over-all picture of the program and of the purposes of the bill, and of those projects that in his opinion are of primary importance and that need consideration.

We are very glad to have you with us this morning, General Pick, and we would like for you to proceed to give us a general statement in support of this measure and of the program in your own way. I do not know whether you have a prepared statement. If so, all right, you may proceed with it. If not, you may make such statement of facts as you think pertinent to the measure we have under consideration.

STATEMENT OF LEWIS A. PICK, MAJOR GENERAL, U. S. A., CHIEF OF ARMY ENGINEERS; ACCOMPANIED BY COL. W. S. MOORE, COL. W. E. POTTER, LT. COL. H. GEE, OFFICE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS

General PICK. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I do have a prepared statement that I would like to read at this time.

Senator MCCLELLAN. I would suggest to the members of the committee that we refrain from interrupting the gentleman until he has concluded, and then I know he will be happy to answer any questions we may ask him.

General PICK. I consider it one of my most pleasant duties to appear periodically before the Committees on Public Works of the two Houses of Congress and present a progress report on the civil works program of the Corps of Engineers.

As all of you know, this program had its inception in the first River and Harbor Act of 1824. During the intervening 125 years, river and harbor improvements have been carried out under the direction of the Secretary of the Army and the supervision of the Corps of Engineers in accordance with the directives of Congress. More recently the civil works program was expanded to include the Federal flood-control program. This program began in 1917 with the authorization of the project for the Sacramento River. This was followed in 1928 by the authorization of the flood-control project for the lower Mississippi River. In 1936 the general flood-control program was inaugurated by the Congress with the passage of the Flood Control Act of 1936.

During the century and a quarter that the Corps of Engineers has been engaged in this Nation-wide construction program, our country has passed through periods of prosperity, periods of depression, and major world wars, and during all of these periods of our history the Corps of Engineers has been privileged to play an important role in the development of this vigorous young democracy. Not only have the works of the corps contributed materially to the development of our Nation, but the benefits produced by these works have greatly exceeded the total cost of their execution. The program has in truth paid its own way.

The civil-works program is by no means complete. I do not expect that this program will be complete so long as our Nation continues to grow and to strengthen its economy. Since the inception of the program for improvement of our rivers and harbors, Congress has from time to time passed authorizing legislation for the purpose of permitting construction to proceed in an orderly way on new projects

anywhere in the United States for which there is a need. Similarly, additional legislation has been enacted, when required, for the purpose of authorizing additional flood-control projects to bring the benefits of protection against the ravages of floodwaters to an ever increasing percentage of our population. The civil works program is made up of these two important subdivisions: Rivers and harbors, and flood control. I will discuss each of them separately in a brief statement, beginning first with the program for rivers and harbors.

RIVERS AND HARBORS

The Federal improvement of rivers and harbors now in its one hundred and twenty-fifth year has been carried out since its inception by the Corps of Engineers under the direction of the Secretary of the Army in accordance with the directives received from the Congress of the United States.

There are now some 1,300 rivers and harbor projects which provide 28,000 miles of improved waterways, 490 locks and dams, and 270 improved harbors. These works comprise a program of far-reaching importance to our national transportation system.

To date, the Congress has supported this program by the appropriation of approximately one and one-half billion dollars for construction of authorized works. Remaining authorized work to be completed includes 316 individual projects involving an estimated construction cost (based upon 1948 prices) of about $2,000,000,000. Substantial and widespread benefits resulting from this river and harbor program have demonstrated that the expenditures made therefor were a sound investment on the part of the United States. The completed projects have facilitated the growth of trade with other nations, developed water-borne commerce among the States, and strengthened the transportation system for the security and continued growth of the Nation.

Our harbors and waterways developed during the years of peace made an outstanding contribution to the winning of the recent war. The coastal ports were indispensable in the rapid outloading of troops and supplies for the far-flung battle fronts. Our inland waterways made it possible for the transportation facilities of the Nation to meet the tremendous demands of war and, at the same time, permitted the utilization of shipyards on the Great Lakes and along the inland waterways for the construction of ships which were floated to the sea over the great Mississippi River system.

The growth of water-borne commerce, as a result of these improvements, has been continuous and outstanding. This growth is illustrated in the all-time record total of 760,000,000 tons of cargo transported over the inland-waterway system and through our major ports in 1947. Of this total commerce, some 310,000,000 tons was in foreign and coastwise traffic, with the remainder on the inland waterways and the Great Lakes. All of these figures are continuing to increase. The increase will continue as long as the program for rivers and harbors continues to grow and expand to meet not only the demands of our larger and more modern vessels, but also our continuing expansion and development of natural resources in areas which can best be served by water transportation.