those for stern posts or other parts of vessels. The equipment maintained at the plant includes three 25-ton open-hearth furnaces and pattern, machine, and chipping shops. There are numerous yacht repair yards and service stations along the water front at Essington for repairing small boats but no facilities, other than those at Chester, are available at any of the localities on the Delaware River below Philadelphia. There are no marine repair plants on the Delaware River above Philadelphia. The Kensington Ship Yard, at the foot of East Palmer Street in Philadelphia is completely equipped for this service, having various types of shops, portable welding units and compressors, as well as the graving dock and two marine railways discussed under the subject "Dry Docks and Marine Railways." This plant as well as the several other plants at Philadelphia Harbor and those at Camden and Gloucester on the opposite shore of the river are described fully in Port Series No. 7. FLOATING EQUIPMENT Practically all of the floating plant available for public use on the Delaware River is based at Philadelphia, Camden, Gloucester, and Wilmington and is therefore described in Port Series Nos. 7 and 8. Floating equipment for public use operating from bases on the Delaware River above or below Philadelphia consists of 8 towboats whose operating headquarters are at Delaware City, Del., Chester, Pa., and Paulsboro, N. J. The companies operating these towboats, the number at each locality, the local operating base, and details regarding their construction are tabulated as follows. Towboats based at Delaware City, Chester, and Paulsboro (a) Operator (b) Base from which operated (feet) (feet) (feet) ated oper 59.4 16.4 14.6 7 44.0 11.6 6.6 page 33. There are no facilities at any of the localities above or below Philadelphia for wrecking and salvage work. The equipment described in Port Series No. 7, The Ports of Philadelphia, Camden, and Gloucester, can be secured when needed. AIRPORTS AND AIR LINES There are no airports at the localities above Philadelphia discussed in this report. The principal airport serving the area below Philadelphia is the New Castle County Delaware Airport situated six miles southwest of Wilmington, Del., operated by the Airport Commission of the Levy Court of New Castle County, Del. This is a Class VI field, having 4 hard-surfaced runways, one 7,000 feet long and three 6,000 feet long. Regular scheduled passenger service is provided by the American Airlines, Inc., and Transcontinental and Western Air, Inc. Du Pont Airport at Wilmington, Del., is a Class II airport, operated by the Atlantic Aviation Service. It has facilities to repair and maintain single and twin-engine planes. It has turf runways, 2,700 feet long. Bellanca Field is a commercial field, located one miles west of New Castle, Del. and 51⁄2 miles south, southwest of Wilmington, Del. It has one hard-surfaced runway 2,500 feet long and turf runways up to 5,000 feet. Facilities are available day and night for servicing aircraft. RAILROAD SERVICES AND RATES RAILROADS The Pennsylvania Railroad, the Reading Railway System, and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad operate westward through Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey providing direct rail service between the eastern seaboard and Central Freight Association and Western Trunk Line territories. The Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines operate from Camden eastward and southward, serving the New Jersey resorts. The lines of one or more of these carriers reach nearly all of the localities considered in this report although in one or two instances wharf facilities have been provided at localities where no direct rail connections are available. The localities reached by each carrier are listed below: The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad extends from New York Harbor points through Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, to Cumberland, Md., from where two main lines are operated through the same general territory served by the Pennsylvania Railroad. One line extends via Pittsburgh and Youngstown to Chicago and the other through Cincinnati to St. Louis. Its lines also serve Rochester, Buffalo, Fairport, Cleveland, Lorain, Sandusky, Toledo, and Detroit on the Great Lakes and reach Louisville on the Ohio River, as well as many of the important interior points. A total of approximately 6,200 road miles is operated. The Pennsylvania Railroad consists of a network of lines connecting most of the important points in Trunk Line and Central Freight Association territories. The company's lines extend from New York City through Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore to Washington, D. C. The resort area on the New Jersey coast is served by the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines, operating from Camden, N. J., for the joint benefit of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Co., which own the entire capital stock. A branch of the New York-Washington main line, known as the Delmarva Division, extends from Wilmington, Del., to Cape Charles, Va., from where car ferries operate to the company's water front facilities at Norfolk. The line from New York to the middle west extends From Pittsburgh two main through Philadelphia and Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. lines are operated westward, one via Fort Wayne to Chicago and the other through Columbus and Indianapolis to St. Louis. Branch lines interconnect these two main lines at various points and other branches extend to Sodus Point, Rochester, Buffalo, Erie, Ashtabula, Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, and Detroit, on the Great Lakes, and to Cincinnati and Louisville on the Ohio River. From Richmond, Ind., a line extends through Fort Wayne, Kalamazoo, and Grand Rapids to Mackinaw City, on the Straits of Mackinac. A line from Grand Rapids to Muskegon serves the car ferry which operates in cross-lake service to Milwaukee. The Pennsylvania Railroad Co. operates a total of about 11,000 road miles. The Reading Railway System serves most of the important points in the eastern Pennsylvania manufacturing and mining area. From its western termini at Newberry Junction and Shippensburg, two lines converge at Reading and then continue through many important intermediate points to the ports of Philadelphia, Chester, and Marcus Hook. A branch line from Birdsboro, via Coatesville, serves the port of Wilmington, Del. Reading Railway service is extended to Camden, |