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Examples of recent accomplishments.-Two recently inaugurated management projects carried out at Yellowstone National Park and Great Smoky Mountain National Park are contributing materially to information desired by the National Park Service to provide public fishing on these areas. Fishing provided by Lake Powell and Flaming Gorge (reservoirs of the Colorado River storage project) exceeded expectations, verifying the value of management programs instigated on these waters. Biologists financed from this appropriation also participated in the studies and preparation of a report on the Potomac River. The Bureau has undertaken an assignment to conduct surveillance of pesticide operations carried out by the various Federal agencies with respect This includes observation of actual spraying to effects on fishery resources. operations as approved by the Federal Committee on Pest Control and the collection of specimens of fish and other aquatic life for analysis of pesticide residues.

During 1966, seven new cooperative fishery units authorized by Congress are In 1964, 337 students participated in the programs of the being established. Unit staff members presented 23 formal courses A total of 35 degrees 13 units then established. in fishery subjects which were attended by 315 students. including 1 doctor of philosophy, 10 master of science, and 24 bachelor of science degrees, were awarded to fishery students affiliated with unit programs. Fishery management services provided to Federal areas and Indian reservations

Actual, Scheduled, Estimate, calendar year calendar year calendar year 1964 1965 1966

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BENEFITS FROM COOPERATIVE FISHERY UNITS

Mr. DENTON. Briefly describe for the committee some of the major benefits your Bureau has received from the operation of the cooperative fishery units during the past fiscal year.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Well our Bureau specifically has profited a great deal from the work that these units have done because we have attempted to coordinate their interests and their programs through the medium of a technical coordinating committee which is formally es

tablished at each one of the units. It includes the State fish and game departments, the university administration and our regional office. So there is a program that is developed to reflect the interests and needs of three cooperating agencies.

At these units we will work on a variety of projects. For example, at our salmon hatchery in Maine a few years ago we had the unit leader who was an accomplished biometrician, a fisheries statistician, design some feeding tests for us at the hatchery. This was a complicated statistical procedure and we didn't have the know-how in our hatchery program to accomplish it so we set this up as a project. We have many examples of this sort of thing where the unit leaders will cooperate with our fishery management people in carrying out a field testing program.

Mr. DENTON. Let me suggest that you put some major examples of what benefit this program has been to you in the record.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Well the program is new enough so that the major benefits we anticipate from it are just beginning to show up. Mr. DENTON. Can you list some of them?

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. I can give you a list of the number of men who have received training in the program. This, as you will recall is one of the major benefits we see out of it.

Mr. DENTON. It isn't necessarily a direct benefit to you for them to have training. What we want to know is what direct benefit the Government has received from its investment in this program. The program has been in effect for several years.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Actually I think that the first unit was established in 1962. However, most of the units have only been in existence 2 or 3 years. So they haven't had the background of production that the wildlife research units have had up to the present time. I think this will show up, and to pick out something that is spectacular would be a little difficult, but I can give you, for example, the list of the publications which have already been produced as a result of the work they have carried on, and the significance of them.

Mr. DENTON. Do the best you can.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. I would just like to say the fact I don't have anything at the tip of my tongue which is particularly dramatic, in my mind, doesn't depreciate the value of these units. The ultimate contribution they are going to make to us, I believe, is in the assistance in the development of trained manpower that we can look to for our recruitment of trained personnel, and not only ours but the State and it is going to add to our overall capability tremendously.

Mr. DENTON. You have trained a number of people. Have any of them worked for the Bureau after they finished their training? Mr. GOTTSCHALK. I don't have the exact number, but there are many of them who have already gone to work for us.

Mr. DENTON. Put that in the record.

(The information follows:)

THE COOPERATIVE FISHERY UNIT PROGRAM

The purpose of the cooperative fishery unit program as stated by Congress in Public Law 86-686, is "to facilitate cooperation between the Federal Government, colleges and universities, the States, and private organizations for cooperative unit programs of research and education relating to fish and wildlife and for other purposes."

As a result of this legislation, the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife initiated the cooperative fishery unit program, with the first unit activated in January 1962. By December 1964, 13 units were in operation. An additional seven were authorized by Congress in 1965. All 20 units will be staffed and operating by July 1966.

The objectives of the cooperative fishery unit program are: to provide a ready pool of trained fishery biologists to meet the Federal, State, and private employment needs on a continuing basis; to conduct research that contributes facts for management of the Nation's fishery resources; to contribute to the public's knowledge of fishery resources management; and to participate as required in national surveys, fishery resource inventories and other fishery projects requiring a high level of professional competence.

Although the program is new, the 3 years of partial operation has shown substantial benefits to the Bureau and the participating States.

As reported by Director John S. Gottschalk, during 1964, 337 students participated in the programs of the 13 units. Unit staff members presented 23 formal courses in fishery subjects which were attended by 315 students. A total of 35 degrees, including 1 doctor of philosophy, 10 master of science, and 24 bachelor of science degrees, were awarded to fishery students affiliated with unit programs. Since 1964 is the first year during which students completed their training and were available for employment, statistics are limited. All graduating students are now employed or continuing their studies.

During 1964, 28 publications were issued by unit personnel which will contribute much to the facts available on which management plans for the Nation's fishery resources are based. A list of these publications and authors is presented on pages 30-32 of the attached “Annual Report for 1964, Cooperative Fishery Units."

As of November 1965, 324 students were enrolled in courses taught by unit personnel. Of this total, 87 were receiving graduate instruction with 7 candidates for doctor of philosophy degrees and 80 candidates for master of science degrees. In addition, 104 research projects were in progress during 1965, with 17 scheduled for completion by June 30, 1966.

Specific investigations conducted by unit leaders and by graduate students under their guidance have contributed valuable information on programs of current critical concern. For example, the unit leader and students at the Utah cooperative fishery unit conducted followup studies on the Green River in Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado, to determine the residual effects of chemical treatment on the native fish fauna.

Information resulting from those investigations contributed very significantly to the basic knowledge on which the Secretary of the Interior could develop a policy statement on the use of chemicals in fishery management.

Pesticide surveillance is another area in which unit personnel have been actively supporting programs of national interest. Some examples include the work of personnel from the Louisiana cooperative fishery unit on the effects of pesticides in the lower Mississippi River area; work of the Colorado unit on public domain lands of the Rocky Mountain area; and pre- and post-operative studies on national forest lands in Pennsylvania conducted cooperatively between the Pennsylvania unit, the State, and the U.S. Forest Service.

Fishery inventory and management studies on several national wildlife refugees have been conducted by unit personnel. Their efforts have provided helpful assistance in areas where regular fishery management biologists of the Bureau were not readily available to do the field work and provide the needed consultant services.

Special studies are in progress on rare and endangered species, and surveys are being made in several national park areas on native fishes.

Another area in which unit personnel have rendered important services is in design and evaluation of studies conducted by cooperating agencies. The leader of the Maine unit, for example, designed the studies and provided continuous evaluation and guidance on cultural techniques for Atlantic salmon at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery. As a result of these studies, mortality in young salmon has been drastically reduced and further improvements on production methods are being perfected.

In addition to the objectives and goals described for the cooperative fishery units, the program will provide additional benefits that are significant to management of the Nation's fishery resources. With Bureau personnel directing the training and research projects, students associated with the program will be brought in close contact with Bureau activities, objectives and procedures.

By visits and work assignments at the national fish hatcheries, wildlife refugees, and research laboratories, these students will have an opportunity to

learns firsthand the role the Bureau plays in natural resources conservation. Another benefit reflects the quality of training provided by the units. Unit personnel are selected for their teaching and research ability. They provide the finest type of instruction and leadership available. The units also bring the participating agencies in close association. They represent the interests of the State fish and game agencies, the universities to which they are attached, and the Federal Government. Each of these interests contributes its agreed share of funds, facilities, and services in support of the overall effort. The program is truly a partnership approach to meeting mutual needs.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Let me just tell you, Mr. Chairman, that we have a total of 35 degrees, including one doctor of philosophy; 10 masters of sciences, and 24 bachelors of science degrees were awarded to fishery students affiliated with the unit program as of the present time.

Mr. DENTON. Do those people go into fishery work after they get through?

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Oh, yes; but we don't necessarily have a corner on their services. They will go to work for States on occasion. They may get jobs teaching in some university or college, but we have at the present time I should say a large part of the demand just in our organization.

Mr. DENTON. Of course, we have other programs that assist in education. While it is probably commendable to train these people we want to know what benefits accrue to the Fish and Wildlife Service because you are spending the money for this training.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. I will give you a statement on that, but I am completely convinced myself it is one of the finest programs we have going. It does so much for us as an agency in the support of these young men, in the guidance we can give to them, just one of the little things that is very important. I will take just a second to say we have a competition for scientific people these days. They are all going with electronics and the moon program and so on and so forth. When a young fellow gets out of high school, we almost have to find a boy that is a fisherman or hunter, and in some way capture his imagination and his interest, and the fishery units is one way that we can help get this done. We can get these boys in and start working with them at a young and impressionable age and maybe we can capture the talents of some bright young man and we have done this.

Mr. DENTON. We have heard a great deal about this program from universities who are interested in it.

WILDLIFE SERVICES

The next activity is "Wildlife services."
Insert pages 81 through 95 of the justifications.
(The pages follow :)

Wildlife services:

8. Wildlife services

Fiscal year 1965, amount available___

Fiscal year 1966, amount available__
Fiscal year 1967, estimate__

Increase...

Pay cost-
Program

1 To provide for increased pay cost for fiscal year 1966 positions.

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NOTE. This activity was carried as "5. Control of predatory animals and injurious rodents" in the 1966 budget.

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