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construct and operate the experimental hardware through which we will obtain the engineering technology to advance existing processes.

Before we discuss the detailed breakdown of the use of these funds, for the information of the committee I should like to offer the following equipment definitions:

Module.-We consider a module to be a section of a prototype plant which simulates the operation of a complete plant and confirms essential design features. Construction and modification costs will be far less than for a complete plant. A module is only a step in the development of new technology which will not serve as a practical water source for a community; it is an engineering research tool that would be built as an OSW facility.

Prototype plant.-A plant which provides verification of the design and economics for a full-scale production plant. The plant may be of less than fullscale size and hardware modifications may be necessary to obtain optimum performance. Following the initial experimental period of operation, the plant may achieve operating levels which will meet commercial standards of reliability (a plant loading factor of 70 to 75 percent), and may, therefore, serve as a water supply source for a community. That portion of the cost associated with the development of new technology may be borne by OSW through an investment in the construction and also possibly to the first 3 years of operation, provided that this investment not exceed 50 percent of the annual costs less interest charges on the owner's investment. The title to the plant would remain with the sponsor. Test bed. A plant, generally of intermediate size, used for experimental purposes. It would be so designed as to facilitate the introduction of experimental hardware and equipment into the process operation for performance testing. Such plants would be built by OSW.

Distillation Division ($10,760,000)

The efforts of the Distillation Division will be concentrated on the following major projects:

1. The construction and testing of a large multistage flash module. Design and start construction of a vertical tube distillation module.

2. Development of components suitable for large and intermediate size prototype plants.

3. Testing, evaluation, and dissemination of data derived from the new 1.2 million gallons per day multistage multieffect flash distillation plant which is expected to be placed in operation in the spring of 1967. Bids for the construction of this plant will be received on March 31, 1966.

4. Construction, operation, and tests of several experimental pilot plants.

5. A stepped-up program leading to the design and construction of prototype plants in the size range of 5 to 15 million gallons per day. Studies of advanced type distillation plants which are expected to provide substantial decreases in water costs by the years 1975-80 through advanced heat transfer, design, and component development.

Membrane Division ($3,900,000)

While the funds requested for the Membrane Division are considerably less than for the Distillation Division, nonetheless, we have programed some very important and promising work for membrane processes development in fiscal year 1967. Funds for the membrane program are allocated to reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and research and development common to all membrane processes. Major emphasis in the membrane program will be placed on an accelerated effort to continue the development of the reverse osmosis process. Contracts for a 10.000 gallons per day and a 50,000 gallons per day reverse osmosis pilot plants will be awarded in fiscal year 1966. Operation of these units in fiscal year 1967 will be a vital part of the program. Additional reverse osmosis activities include a larger prototype or test bed plant, new work in membrane development, new cost and design analysis, and a more detailed investigation of the effects of feed water quality not previously explored.

Special Projects Division ($3,200,000)

During fiscal year 1966, construction of three new crystallization pilot plants was completed. During the remainder of fiscal year 1966, these plants will be

operated in addition to those plants already in operation. During fiscal year 1967, operation of these plants, and another to be built for brackish waters, will continue. Additionally, funds will be needed for improving the performance of component parts and for developing engineering designs of larger crystallization plants from the pilot plant design and performance data, for the development of promising new processes, methods to dispose of brine effluent, and application of saline water conversion methods to pollution problems. Engineering analysis ($350,000)

While this is a relatively small effort, engineering analysis correlates data and makes it available in a usable form for all divisions of the Office. Work programed for fiscal year 1967 includes continuation of the effort for the technical data book; engineering data acquisition, storage and retrieval: process analysis of OSW's engineering effort; engineering costs studies; and studies to determine and define component performance.

Engineering services ($1,610,000)

Engineering services has been assigned two broad responsibilities: (1) The construction and operation of test facilities where small pilot plants and other test programs can be conducted, and (2) the operation and maintenance of the demonstration plants at Freeport, Tex.; Roswell, N. Mex.; and Webster, S. Dak. (Appropriations for the operation of demonstration plants is a separate budget item.) In fiscal year 1967, funds will be utilized for the operation of the research and development test station at Wrightsville Beach, N.C.; the San Diego Saline Water Test Facility in California; and for the construction, operation and maintenance of a brackish water test facility.

Research ($6,635,000)

The long-range program of the Office of Saline Water is centered in the Division of Research. Our research effort is devoted to developing an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms by which heat, water molecules and ions are transported to and across boundaries so that these basic steps can be made fast and efficient. The research program will insure the successful exploitation of the currently most developed technology and the vigorous and imaginative pursuit of other alternatives which may well prove to be superior in the long run. The information gained from these fundamental studies will be utilized as quickly as it becomes available, but unless there is a remarkable breakthrough. which we do not foresee, most of these studies will have little impact on desalting technology until 1975 or beyond. It is a long and arduous trail from the glassware of the laboratory to the hardware of a commercial plant.

Fundamental studies of all relevant areas of science and engineering including investigations involving byproducts will continue to be emphasized. Basic research studies are conducted in four broad categories: (1) Properties of water (2) separation processes; (3) interactions at boundaries of water systems; and (4) properties of brackish waters, salts, brines, and byproducts.

Administration and coordination ($1,540,000)

The budget estimate of $1,540,000 for administration and coordination is an increase of $413,000 over the amount available for 1966. In view of the sizable expansion of the program to carry out the wishes of the President and the directive of the Congress as provided by Public Law 89-118, we think the committee will agree that this is a modest increase to provide for the necessary planning. supervision and administration of research and development contract funds.

To effectively administer the program, it is necessary to have a staff of wellqualified scientists and engineers who are able to stimulate interest in the program, evaluate research and development proposals, assist in the planning and procedures of the research and development projects, negotiate the technical portions of the contracts, and administer and supervise the technical performance of contractors to manage and insure prudent expenditure of funds in fulfilling the objectives of the saline water conversion program.

Included within the technical staff of the Office is a program analysis staff. This unit consists of professional personnel experienced in a variety of special fields involved in the activities of the Office, including competence in the field of water resources program development and coordination. This staff provides the means of insuring continuous review of program components requiring particular attention, such as maintaining liaison and working jointly on technical matters with both departmental and other U.S. Government and foreign agencies having saline water conversion interests. It also provides a means of maintaining a balance of effort and coordination of programs for short-, intermediate-, and long-range objectives.

In addition, the scientific and engineering activities must be supported by capable financial, legal, and administrative staffs to insure that sound business management principles are applied. The administrative staffs must be strengthened to handle the additional work generated by the increased program. Demonstration plant program ($2,351,000)

The Freeport, Tex., plant continues to operate successfully within the objectives set forth for the facility. Modifications planned for this operation will enable us to test and evaluate new flow patterns, improved technology and equipment, and recent operating innovations.

We will continue to operate the distillation plant at Roswell, N. Mex., to resolve process and maintenance problems. New techniques for the pretreatment of the feed water to avoid scale formation on the heat transfer surfaces of the evaporators will be tested.

The 250,000 gallons per day electrodialysis plant at Webster, S. Dak., continues to operate with a high degree of reliability with better than 90 percent onstream time. Continued tests of a new membrane show that the original equipment has been improved and perfected. New operating methods are being studied to further improve plant performance.

We welcome any questions members of the committee may have concerning any aspect of the saline water conversion program. On behalf of the entire staff of the Office of Saline Water, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of this committee for the interest and support they have always provided this program.

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Mr. DENTON. Please give the committee a brief oral summary of your statement.

5 YEAR PROGRAM DEADLINE

Mr. DILUZIO. I would be very happy to, Mr. Chairman. The statement is very long.

I would first like to preface my statement by reminding the committee that we are working against a 5-year program deadline with the specific purpose of developing viable water desalting plants of various sizes of 10 million up to 50 million gallons per day. Much of our distillation processes technology leads to the development of large plant hardware.

At the same time, we have programs which parallel this main thrust as exhibited by this chart.

Mr. DENTON. Put that chart in the record.

Mr. DILUZIO. Yes, sir.

(The chart follows:)

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