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Conditions inherent in the Tehama-Colusa Canal project will provide the opportunity to substantially increase Chinook salmon production by inclusion of artificial spawning beds within the canal proper and by provision of water to other potential spawning areas.

The dual-purpose irrigation canal will be 34 miles long and 100 feet wide, containing about 1.6 million square feet of spawning gravels. The required single purpose access channel from the Sacramento River to the Tehama-Colusa Canal will be 2.6 miles long, consisting of two 30-foot-wide channels with some 500,000 square feet of gravel area. Additionally, flows and channel improvements will create around 330,000 square feet of spawning area in 2.8 miles of Thomas Creek and 770,000 square feet in 11 miles of Stony Creek. In aggregate, the project modification will create about 20 miles of new spawning stream containing some 3,150,000 square feet of salmon spawning area. Project spawning facilities will accommodate average runs of about 60,000 salmon annually which is a conservative estimate.

In addition to mitigating the loss of salmon spawning area to be inundated by the Red Bluff diversion dam, the fish facilities will support ultimately an additional 256,000 sport angler-days of salmon fishing and a commercial harvest of over 12 million pounds of salmon. Annual equivalent benefits (100 year) to the sport and commercial salmon fisheries is calculated to be $739,000 and $473,000, respectively. Benefits to the salmon fishery are based on production of fall Chinook salmon only. Since the facilities may be operated the year round, other runs of fish, such as winter or spring Chinook salmon may utilize the spawning beds for propagation. The full potential of the spawning facilities cannot be estimated until the channels are in operation. In addition to benefits to anadromous fish, project flows and lands will support an increase of some 120,000 angler-days of trout fishing ultimately in Thomas and Stony Creek, having a 100-year annual equivalent value of $175,000.

Slight incidental wildlife benefits in the form of increased upland game hunting opportunities should occur over the long term as a result of improved cover along canal banks.

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Mr. DENTON. Very well. Does Commercial Fisheries reimburse you for this work?

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Not for this particular channel that we are talking about here. This is in the headwaters of the Sacramento, and a great deal of the runs in the Sacramento are related exclusively to sport fishing. There is some commercial fishing offshore from Sacramento-spawned salmon, but interiorwise, the sport fishery is most important. Of course I think you are familiar with the arrangements which we have in the Columbia River where we actually operate under contract, with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in the operation of the salmon hatcheries there.

NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER AND AQUARIUM

Mr. DENTON. You are requesting an increase of $146,100 and three permanent positions for the operation of the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium. What is the justification for this increase?

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. Mr. Chairman, we have with us today Dr. Warren Wisby, who is the Director of the Aquarium, the National Fisheries Center, and with your permission, I would like to call on Dr. Wisby to answer this question, and any others which you may have with respect to this facility. Dr. Wisby.

Mr. DENTON. Doctor, have you been before the committee before? Mr. WISBY. No, sir; I haven't.

Mr. DENTON. Do you have a biography that you can put in the record?

Mr. WISBY. I have one but I don't have it here.

Mr. DENTON. That is all right. You may put it in the record, proceed.

(The information follows:)

BIOGRAPHY OF DR. WARREN J. WISBY

I was born in Denmark and came to the United States at the age of 3. I grew up in Racine, Wis., where I attended the public schools, and graduated from Washington Park High School in 1941. I entered the University of Wisconsin in 1942, but left to join the Armed Forces, where I saw overseas duty in Africa and Italy. I returned to the university and earned the degree of doctor of philosophy, in zoology, in 1952. My research involved the homing migrations of salmon, and much of it was done at the University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.

After graduation I accepted a position as research associate at the University of Wisconsin in order to continue my research. I taught, as visiting professor, at the University of Michigan, and then, in 1959, accepted the position of associate professor of marine biology at the Institute of Marine Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla. My research there was primarily on vision and hearing in sharks and their role in predation.

I left my professorship at Miami to become Director of the National Fisheries Center and Aquarium.

Mr. WISBY. After I arrived in October, I took a close look at the information that had gone into the planning of the aquarium. In my judgment we have some research to do in order to know how best to run it, and in order to be able to advise the architects and planners on what to put within it, and this money is for that purpose.

Mr. DENTON. Anything else?

Mr. WISBY. No, sir.

STOCKING AGREEMENTS AND REIMBURSEMENTS

Mr. DENTON. On page 18 of the justifications you state "Agreements are also in effect with Federal agencies for fishery management activities and waters controlled by those agencies." Insert in the record a listing of the agencies with whom you have these agreements and indicate what, if any, reimbursement your Bureau receives for this work.

Mr. GOTTSCHALK. We will be glad to supply that for the record. (The information follows:)

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS

Cooperative agreements are in effect between this Bureau and the following Federal agencies, in connection with fishery management activities of waters on lands controlled by these agencies:

U.S. Forest Service.

National Park Service.

Corps of Engineers.

Bureau of Reclamation.
Tennessee Valley Authority.
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
Soil Conservation Service.

Agricultural Extension Service.

Department of Defense (Army, Navy, and Air Force).

Veterans' Administration.

Public Health Service.

Bureau of Indian Affairs (agreements are in effect with approximately 25 different Indian tribes throughout the country).

No reimbursements are involved with any of the agencies listed.

WILDLIFE REFUGES

Mr. DENTON. The next activity is "Wildlife refuges." Insert pages 28 through 36a of the justifications.

(The pages follow :)

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The estimate for 1967 is $10,455,000 and 1,017 permanent positions, a decrease of $621,665 and an increase of 59 permanent position over 1966. The increase consists of

1. A decrease of $118,000 from deactivation and curtailment of operations at existing refuges.

2. A decrease of $11,886 because of reduced employees' compensation payments.

3. A decrease of $1,600,000 due to a shift in financing for fiscal year 1967 to the national wildlife refuge fund made possible principally by release of 1964 and 1965 oil revenues of the Delta National Wildlife Refuge that had been withheld from distribution pending settlement of the Leiter minerals lawsuit.

4. An increase of $59.000 for increased pay costs.

5. An increase of $924,221 and 59 permanent positions for operation of 14 new refuges and waterfowl production areas in the States of Minnesota and North Dakota.

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6. An increase of $125,000 for wage board increases.

Program of work: The estimate of $10,455,000 will be used for the following: Operation of new refuges.-Fourteen new refuges and waterfowl production areas in Minnesota and North Dakota, will be placed in operation as follows:

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The remainder of the estimate will be used for salaries and other refuge operating and management costs in carrying out the waterfowl, other wildlife, and land resource programs of existing units of the national wildlife refuge system, and for employees' compensation payments which will total $59,835. With the country's wildlife habitat shrinking at an alarming and accelerated rate under the pressures of population growth and developments demanded by an affluent society, increased emphasis on the new refuges and waterfowl production areas as well as existing refuges will be given to the improved management of natural resources which provide improved habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife. These resources include the croplands necessary to provide supplemental food, particularly for waterfowl; the timberlands which, through proper management, including harvest which provides economic benefits, provide wildlife food and cover; the grasslands which provide nesting habitat for waterfowl and upland game birds; and the marsh and water which provide the most important habitat for waterfowl-for nesting, resting, and feeding. Increased emphasis will be given also to the protection and recreation functions of wildlife refuge management. One of the primary objectives of the national wildlife refuge system is to preserve and manage wildlife and its associated environment for the enjoyment and edification of the American people. In 1964 the national wildlife refuge system was host to over 14 million visitors who came to observe wildlife, and to picnic, swim, boat, hunt, or fish.

The functional breakdown of the total program is as follows:

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