Comparative Physiology of the Brain and Comparative Psychology |
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Page 78
... medulla oblongata be removed . Spontaneous progressive movements are not a specific function of ganglia or of ganglion - cells ; we observe them even in the swarmspores of algae and in bacteria . Why the decapitated Thysanozoön no ...
... medulla oblongata be removed . Spontaneous progressive movements are not a specific function of ganglia or of ganglion - cells ; we observe them even in the swarmspores of algae and in bacteria . Why the decapitated Thysanozoön no ...
Page 110
... medulla oblongata near the place where the vagus enters , which Flourens called the noeud vital . place is supposed to be the respiratory centre . view is justified by two facts : first , the destruction of the noeud vital causes a ...
... medulla oblongata near the place where the vagus enters , which Flourens called the noeud vital . place is supposed to be the respiratory centre . view is justified by two facts : first , the destruction of the noeud vital causes a ...
Page 111
... medulla to the seg- mental respiratory ganglia , which enables the latter to be active automatically . In destroying the nœud vital we perhaps destroy the pathway along which these constant impulses are carried to the segmental re ...
... medulla to the seg- mental respiratory ganglia , which enables the latter to be active automatically . In destroying the nœud vital we perhaps destroy the pathway along which these constant impulses are carried to the segmental re ...
Page 112
... medulla oblongata and the origin of the phrenic nerves ( 3 ) . If one half , for instance the left half , of the medulla be cut , the left half of the diaphragm no longer partakes in the respiratory movements , while the respiratory ...
... medulla oblongata and the origin of the phrenic nerves ( 3 ) . If one half , for instance the left half , of the medulla be cut , the left half of the diaphragm no longer partakes in the respiratory movements , while the respiratory ...
Page 113
... medulla are removed . In Limulus an anterior and a posterior nerve originate from every ganglion of the ventral chain . It was interesting to determine whether these nerves have functional differences like those of the anterior and ...
... medulla are removed . In Limulus an anterior and a posterior nerve originate from every ganglion of the ventral chain . It was interesting to determine whether these nerves have functional differences like those of the anterior and ...
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Common terms and phrases
able aboral Actinians activity Annelids aquarium Arthropods Ascidians associative memory Asterina Bethe body brain causes cells central nervous system centre cerebellum cerebral hemispheres changes chemical chemotropism commissure connected consciousness contraction coördination crawl crayfish determined direction disturbances earthworm effect elements experiments extirpation fact fibres Flourens frog functions ganglion-cells geotropism Goltz head heliotropic hind-legs images of memory innervation instance instincts ions irritability larvæ legs lesion light Limulus localisation LOEB longitudinal meat mechanism medulla medulla oblongata ments motions motor mouth move muscles negatively heliotropic Nereis nerve-ring nerves observed occur œsophageal operation oral organs orientation peripheral Pflüger's Archiv phenomena piece Planarians plants positively heliotropic possess possible posterior processes produced progressive movements protoplasmic psychic reactions reflex removed respiratory rhythmical Schrader segmental ganglia sensations sensory shock-effects spinal cord spontaneous starfish stereotropism stimulated subœsophageal ganglion substances supraœsophageal ganglion surface tension tentacles Thysanozoön tion tropisms Vertebrates visual worms
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Page 301 - New Haven Leader. 3. — Rivers of North America. A Reading Lesson for Students of Geography and Geology. By ISRAEL C, RUSSELL, Professor of Geology, University of Michigan, author of " Lakes of North America," " Glaciers of North America," " Volcanoes of North America,
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Page 1 - Our criterion puts an end to the metaphysical ideas that all matter, and hence the whole animal world, possesses consciousness. We are brought to the theory that only certain species of animals possess associative memory and have consciousness, and that it appears in them only after they have reached a certain stage in their ontogenetic development. This...
Page 301 - A timely and useful volume. . , . The author wields a pleasing pen and knows how to make the subject attractive. . . . The work is calculated to spread among its readers an attraction to the science of anthropology. The author's observations are exceedingly genuine and his descriptions are vivid.
Page 185 - Human happiness is based upon the possibility of a natural and harmonious satisfaction of the instincts. One of the most important instincts is usually not even recognized as such, namely, the Instinct of workmanship. Lawyers, criminologIsts and philosophers frequently imagine that only want makes man work. This Is an erroneous view.
Page xii - ... by which a stimulus brings about not only the effects which its nature and the specific structure of the irritable organ call for, but by which it brings about also the effects of other stimuli which formerly acted upon the organism almost or quite simultaneously with the stimulus in question.1 If an animal can be trained, if it can learn, it possesses associative memory.
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Page vii - ... symmetry of the body. Symmetrical elements at the surface of the body have the same irritability; unsymmetrical elements have a different irritability. Those nearer the oral pole possess an irritability greater than that of those near the aboral pole. These circumstances force an animal to orient itself toward a source of stimulation in such a way that symmetrical points on the surface of the body are stimulated equally. In this way the animals are led without will of their own either toward...
Page xii - It should consist in the right understanding of the fundamental process which recurs in all psychic phenomena as the elemental component. This process, according to my opinion, is the activity of the associative memory, or of association. Consciousness is only a metaphysical term for phenomena which are determined by associative memory. By associative memory I mean that mechanism by which a stimulus brings about not only the effects which its nature and the specific structure of the irritable organ...
Page vii - These tropisms are identical for animals and plants. The explanation of them depends first upon the specific irritability of certain elements of the body-surface, and, second, upon the relations of symmetry of the body. Symmetrical elements at the surface of the body have the same irritability ; unsymmetrical elements have a different irritability. Those nearer the oral pole possess an irritability greater than that of those near the aboral pole. These circumstances force an animal to orient itself...