Comparative Physiology of the Brain and Comparative Psychology |
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Page 4
... heliotropic effects of light on plant organs . Since plants possess no nerves , this identity of animal with plant heliotropism can offer but one inference - these heliotropic effects must depend upon conditions which are common to both ...
... heliotropic effects of light on plant organs . Since plants possess no nerves , this identity of animal with plant heliotropism can offer but one inference - these heliotropic effects must depend upon conditions which are common to both ...
Page 7
Jacques Loeb. elements which compose these complicated instincts , the tropisms ( heliotropism , chemotropism , geotropism , stereotropism ) play an important part . These trop- isms are identical for animals and plants . The explanation ...
Jacques Loeb. elements which compose these complicated instincts , the tropisms ( heliotropism , chemotropism , geotropism , stereotropism ) play an important part . These trop- isms are identical for animals and plants . The explanation ...
Page 69
... heliotropism naturally has the same effect as negative geotropism . Asterina tenuispina , like As- terina gibbosa , lives at the surface of the sea . It is not , however , geotropically irritable ; but it is posi- tively heliotropic . I ...
... heliotropism naturally has the same effect as negative geotropism . Asterina tenuispina , like As- terina gibbosa , lives at the surface of the sea . It is not , however , geotropically irritable ; but it is posi- tively heliotropic . I ...
Page 70
Jacques Loeb. heliotropism must drive Asterina tenuispina to the surface of the ocean , just as Asterina gibbosa is driven there by negative geotropism . Preyer mentions briefly in his extensive work on The Movements of the Starfish the ...
Jacques Loeb. heliotropism must drive Asterina tenuispina to the surface of the ocean , just as Asterina gibbosa is driven there by negative geotropism . Preyer mentions briefly in his extensive work on The Movements of the Starfish the ...
Page 79
... heliotropic . However , they do not collect at the point farthest from the source , as do negatively heliotropic animals , but they scatter in all directions and come to rest at last in a place where the light is comparatively weakest ...
... heliotropic . However , they do not collect at the point farthest from the source , as do negatively heliotropic animals , but they scatter in all directions and come to rest at last in a place where the light is comparatively weakest ...
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Common terms and phrases
able aboral Actinians activity Annelids aquarium Arthropods Ascidians associative memory Asterina Bethe body brain causes cells central nervous system centre cerebellum cerebral hemispheres changes chemical chemotropism commissure connected consciousness contraction coördination crawl crayfish determined direction disturbances earthworm effect elements experiments extirpation fact fibres Flourens frog functions ganglion-cells geotropism Goltz head heliotropic hind-legs images of memory innervation instance instincts ions irritability larvæ legs lesion light Limulus localisation LOEB longitudinal meat mechanism medulla medulla oblongata ments motions motor mouth move muscles negatively heliotropic Nereis nerve-ring nerves observed occur œsophageal operation oral organs orientation peripheral Pflüger's Archiv phenomena piece Planarians plants positively heliotropic possess possible posterior processes produced progressive movements protoplasmic psychic reactions reflex removed respiratory rhythmical Schrader segmental ganglia sensations sensory shock-effects spinal cord spontaneous starfish stereotropism stimulated subœsophageal ganglion substances supraœsophageal ganglion surface tension tentacles Thysanozoön tion tropisms Vertebrates visual worms
Popular passages
Page 301 - New Haven Leader. 3. — Rivers of North America. A Reading Lesson for Students of Geography and Geology. By ISRAEL C, RUSSELL, Professor of Geology, University of Michigan, author of " Lakes of North America," " Glaciers of North America," " Volcanoes of North America,
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Page 1 - Our criterion puts an end to the metaphysical ideas that all matter, and hence the whole animal world, possesses consciousness. We are brought to the theory that only certain species of animals possess associative memory and have consciousness, and that it appears in them only after they have reached a certain stage in their ontogenetic development. This...
Page 301 - A timely and useful volume. . , . The author wields a pleasing pen and knows how to make the subject attractive. . . . The work is calculated to spread among its readers an attraction to the science of anthropology. The author's observations are exceedingly genuine and his descriptions are vivid.
Page 185 - Human happiness is based upon the possibility of a natural and harmonious satisfaction of the instincts. One of the most important instincts is usually not even recognized as such, namely, the Instinct of workmanship. Lawyers, criminologIsts and philosophers frequently imagine that only want makes man work. This Is an erroneous view.
Page xii - ... by which a stimulus brings about not only the effects which its nature and the specific structure of the irritable organ call for, but by which it brings about also the effects of other stimuli which formerly acted upon the organism almost or quite simultaneously with the stimulus in question.1 If an animal can be trained, if it can learn, it possesses associative memory.
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Page vii - ... symmetry of the body. Symmetrical elements at the surface of the body have the same irritability; unsymmetrical elements have a different irritability. Those nearer the oral pole possess an irritability greater than that of those near the aboral pole. These circumstances force an animal to orient itself toward a source of stimulation in such a way that symmetrical points on the surface of the body are stimulated equally. In this way the animals are led without will of their own either toward...
Page xii - It should consist in the right understanding of the fundamental process which recurs in all psychic phenomena as the elemental component. This process, according to my opinion, is the activity of the associative memory, or of association. Consciousness is only a metaphysical term for phenomena which are determined by associative memory. By associative memory I mean that mechanism by which a stimulus brings about not only the effects which its nature and the specific structure of the irritable organ...
Page vii - These tropisms are identical for animals and plants. The explanation of them depends first upon the specific irritability of certain elements of the body-surface, and, second, upon the relations of symmetry of the body. Symmetrical elements at the surface of the body have the same irritability ; unsymmetrical elements have a different irritability. Those nearer the oral pole possess an irritability greater than that of those near the aboral pole. These circumstances force an animal to orient itself...