Clerk II Performs routine clerical duties under supervision, such as tabulating and posting data in various record books, checking calculations, balancing cash registers, making out bills, taking sales orders, and similar work of average difficulty. Requires some experience with the ability to complete assignments with a minimum of instruction. May do typing or stenographic work incidental to clerical duties. Clerk III Performs general clerical work typified by such tasks as serving as receptionist and information clerk in an office; reviewing, registering, and routing office mail; assembling and compiling data and preparing routine periodic reports; and preparing simple correspondence in accordance with instructions or standard procedures such as letters of acknowledgment or transmittal. May do typing or stenographic work incidental to clerical duties. Clerk IV Performs a variety of tasks of an administrative nature in an office, requiring the application of judgment and initiative and with an absence of day-to-day supervision. Typical tasks are to provide information to callers with responsibility for deciding what can be told or determining where the information can be obtained, and either securing it or referring the caller to the source of information. Reads incoming mail, decides what can be answered, and composes replies, obtaining such facts and information as are necessary. This may involve contacting company officials or conducting extensive searches through files and records. In the event, during the review of correspondence, the matter cannot be answered, refers it to an appropriate supervisory official for reply and includes such comment, files, or references as appear necessary to making a reply. Compiles tabular material and information by researching records and extracting appropriate facts and prepares a presentation of this material, including detailed reports. Is responsible for setting up files and records, and establishes internal routine procedural statements as guides for subordinate help. May supervise clerk-stenographers or typists. Accountant I This is the entering level for graduates of accounting schools. Under direct supervision of higher level accountants, maintains varied accounting records. Takes trial balances and makes varied accounting records; prepares profit and loss, inventory, receipt disbursement, balance sheets, and other reports; computes and distributes labor, material, and overhead costs. May supervise and review the work of accounting clerks, bookkeeping machine operators, and clerks. Work assignments are reviewed periodically by supervisor prior to completion. Accountant II Has full responsibility for administration of company accounting program. Performs a variety of accounting functions as required including the supervision of the maintenance of accounting records and preparation of financial statements. Manager, branch office or plant Is responsible for the efficient management of a branch office or plant of a commercial or industrial corporation (e. g., mail order house, insurance company, food processing company). Coordinates the operations of the various departments such as production, distribution, and selling departments. Determines local administrative policies, and executes them through subordinate managers. Is responsible for control of expenditures and meeting production standards. Laborer, material handling A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; transporting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen who load and unload ships are excluded. Truck driver (medium 11⁄2-ton through 4-ton) Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Automobile mechanic Repairs passenger automobiles and light delivery trucks, performing such duties as disassembling and overhauling engines, transmissions, clutches, rear ends, and other assemblies on automobile, replacing worn or broken parts, grinding valves, adjusting brakes, tightening body bolts, and alining wheels. Uses hoists, wrenches, gages, drills, grinding wheels, and other general or specialized machines, gages, and tools. This worker may be restricted to repair of automobile motors, transmissions, and clutches, the remainder of repair work being performed by other workers. Admiral PARKS. One other thing I would like to state is that in executive session I pointed out the strong interest of the commander in chief, Pacific Fleet, in this legislation, and his belief that in the event that the legislation is not passed there is a danger in our defense posture in the Pacific. Mr. ELLIOTT. Thank you very much, Admiral. The information you have brought the committee has been very helpful. I certainly have learned a great deal today about the great importance of this legislation. Mr. Landrum? Mr. LANDRUM. I have no questions. Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Holt? Mr. HOLT. No questions. Mr. Coon. No questions. Mr. ROOSEVELT. I have no questions. Mr. ELLIOTT. Admiral, as we pursue this matter we may have to call you again, and, if so, we know that you will render the same fine cooperation you have given us thus far. Admiral PARKS. By all means, sir. Mr. Chairman, Colonel Neff has just given me some other information which the committee has requested, and that is the Panama wage schedule, which I will submit for the record if the committee desires. Mr. ELLIOTT. Without objection, the information will be made a part of the record at this point. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (The material referred to follows:) THE ARMY-AIR FORCE WAGE BOARD, WASHINGTON 25, D. C. NOTE.-Shift differentials: 2d shift 4 cents; 3d shift 4 cents. ARMY-AIR FORCE WAGE BOARD, Chief, Technical Staff. Admiral PARKS. Also the treaty provisions and allied materials relating to the limitation of private enterprise activities in the Canal Zone. Mr. ELLIOTT. Without objection, that material will be made a part of the record at this point. (The material referred to follows:) TREATY PROVISIONS AND ALLIED MATERIALS RELATING TO THE LIMITATION OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES IN THE CANAL ZONE In the General Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of 1936,1 the following provision will be found: Article III, section 5. "With the exception of concerns having a direct relation to the operation, maintenance, sanitation or protection of the canal, such as those engaged in the operations of cables, shipping, or dealing in oil or fuel, the Government of the United States of America will not permit the establishment in the Canal Zone of private business enterprises other than those existing therein at the time of the signature of the treaty." 2 In an accessory note exchanged on March 2, 1936, the following exception appears: 1 Signed at Washington on March 2, 1936; ratification advised by the Senate on July 25, 1939; ratified by the President on July 26, 1939; ratified by Panama July 17, 1939; ratification exchanged at Washington, July 27, 1939; proclaimed, July 27, 1939. As reported in Cumulative Supplement No. 2 to the Canal Zone Code and appendix, pt. II, pp. 33, 37-38 (1943). "With reference to section 5 of article III of the treaty signed today regulating the establishment in the Canal Zone of private business enterprises, I have the honor to express the understanding of the Government of the United States of America that the provisions of this section shall not prevent the establishment in the Canal Zone of private enterprises temporarily engaged in construction work having a direct relation to the operation, maintenance, sanitation or protection of the canal." 3 In a memorandum of understanding, which accompanied the Treaty of Mutual Understanding and Cooperation Between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama of 1955, as it was presented to the Senate for its advice and consent, there was a change of policy respecting the position of private enterprise in the Canal Zone. There follows item 9 of that memorandum in which that policy is announced: "With respect to the manufacture and processing of goods for sale to or consumption by individuals, now carried on by the Panama Canal Company, it will be the policy of the United States of America to terminate such activities whenever and for so long as such goods, or particular classes thereof, are determined by the United States of America to be available in the Republic of Panama on a continuing basis, in satisfactory qualities and quantities, and at reasonable prices. The United States of America will give prompt consideration to a request in writing on the part of the Government of Panama concerning the termination of the manufacture or processing of any goods covered in this item as a which the Government of Panama may consider the criteria specified in this item to have been met." 4 Mr. Henry F. Holland, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, testified that this provision was "negotiated for the purpose of affording Panama greater commercial opportunities in the Canal Zone ***"5 Also, "** *because it is contemplated that gradually our own Government will withdraw from certain activities usually identified as exclusively private-enterprise activities, as rapidly as private enterprise within the Republic can effectively and on an economic basis take over the supply of those services." These activities include, but are not limited to "laundry, cleaning and pressing, coffee roasting, soft drinks, cosmetics, condiments." " 6 Mr. ELLIOTT. Thank you very much, Admiral. Mr. ELLIOTT. Our next witness is Mr. Howard Munro, legislative representative of the Central Labor Union and Metal Trades Council, AFL-CIO. Mr. Munro, do you have a prepared statement? STATEMENT OF HOWARD E. MUNRO, LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATIVE, THE CENTRAL LABOR UNION AND METAL TRADES COUNCIL, AFL-CIO Mr. MUNRO. Yes, sir, I do. Mr. ELLIOTT. Do you wish to read your statement? Mr. MUNRO. It is short. I believe I would like to, sir. Mr. ELLIOTT. You may proceed. Mr. MUNRO. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, my name is Howard E. Munro. I am the legislative representative of the Canal Zone Central Labor Union and Metal Trades Council. I am an employee of the Panama Canal Company and have lived in the Canal 3 Id., footnote 12, p. 38. 4 Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U. S. Senate, 84th Cong., 1st sess., July 15, 18, and 20, 1955, on Executive F, 84th Cong., 1st sess.; The Treaty of Mutual Understandings and Cooperation With the Republic of Panama, pp. 34-35. Ratied by the Senate by rollcall vote on July 29, 1955. 5 Id., at p. 43. Id., at p. 50. 7 Id.. at p. 53. Zone for 13 years. At present I am on leave without pay from the Panama Canal Company. The organizations which I represent are the central bodies of 23 unions affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. The membership of these unions are the United States citizens employed by the United States to operate, maintain, and protect the Panama Canal. I wish to thank the committee for their interest in the Canal Zone now that other witnesses have injected the Canal Zone into the proposed amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act. The hearings at this time have caught us unprepared to present a complete picture of conditions in the Canal Zone. Our organization started gathering data in December to substantiate our position. I asked that they send me what they have assembled to date, but it has not arrived as yet. It is hoped that these data will include photostats of payrolls and affidavits from employees containing hours of work and salary received. Should the records still be open when this material arrives, I would like to present it for the record. Mr. ELLIOTT. You may do so, without objection. (The information referred to was subsequently supplied, and is printed on p. 299.) Mr. MUNRO. I have attended the present hearings and listened to the testimony presented to this committee. I find we have a very different problem in the Canal Zone than is present in the other areas discussed, with the exception of the position of the Department of Defense that they are interested in getting as much for the American tax dollar as is possible. This is a commendable position and one which we, as United States taxpayers, appreciate. However, we feel that there is a limit to the extent this policy should go. We feel that this policy has been carried too far in the Canal Zone and sincerely hope that the committee will thoroughly investigate the situation before making any limiting amendments. The Canal Zone is a strip of land, under sovereign control of the United States, bisecting the Republic of Panama. The United States, by treaty, paid the Republic of Panama $10 million in 1903, and is currently paying the Republic of Panama $1,930,000 annually. By treaty between the two countries, there is no private industry nor can there be any within the Canal Zone of the productive type. There is, however, a limited amount of private industry within the Canal Zone of the "service" and "distribution" type such as banks, cable and radio telephone, shipping companies and agents, gasoline and oil companies, et cetera. Therefore, the migration of industry is not a problem to the Canal Zone nor is there a problem of the return of "slave labor made" products to the United States proper. There is, however, some manufacturing, processing, and packaging of consumer goods such as meat and meat products, sundry drugs, and packaging of bulk foodstuff for consumption on the Canal Zone by Federal employees and their families. This is done by the Panama Canal Company, a Federal corporation operating under the Federal Corporation Control Act. It is my understanding that the Fair Labor Standards Act does not apply to Federal corporations. Therefore, any injection of Panama Canal Company's manufacturing into the picture only clouds the issue. |