TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. ON THE NATURE AND OBJECTS OF THE SCIENCE OF PHYSIOLOGY 1. General Characters of Organized Structures 2. Digestive Characters of Vital Actions 3. Of the Forces concerned in the production of Vital Phenomena 4. Of Moisture, as a Condition of Vital Activity III. OF THE ELEMENTARY PARTS OF ANIMAL STRUCTURES 1. Of the Primary Components of the Animal Fabric. 2. Of the Simple Fibrous Tissues 3. Of the Basement or Primary Membrane 4. Of Simple Isolated Cells, employed in the Organic Functions 5. Of Cells connected together, as permanent constituents of the Tissues LIST OF WOOD ENGRAVINGS. FIG. 1. Simple isolated Cells, containing reproductive molecules 2. Fibrous structure of exudation-membrane; after Gerber 3. Fibrous membrane lining egg-shell (original). 4. White fibrous tissue of areolar tissue and tendon; after Gerber 5. White fibrous tissue of ligament; after Gerber 6. Yellow fibrous tissue of ligamentum nucha; after Gerber 7. Development of fibres from cells; after Lebert 8. Ideal Section of a Joint 9. Capillary vessels of Skin; after Berres 10. Capillary vessels of Intestinal villi; after Berres. 11. Capillary vessels around orifices of Mucous follicles; after Gerber 18. Parent-cells, with contained secondary cells, of cancerous structure; after Lebert 132 22. Portion of Choroid-coat, showing pigment cells; ditto 143 23. Separate Pigment-cells; after Mandl . 143 24. Detached epithelium-cells from mucous membrane of mouth; after Lebert 145 145 146 27. Follicles from liver of Crab, with contained secreting cells; after Goodsir 148 28. Follicles of Mammary gland, with contained secreting cells; after Lebert 29. Secreting Cells of Human Liver 30. Formation of Spermatozoa within cells; after Wagner 150 31. Diagram of Intestinal Mucous membrane, in intervals of digestion; after Goodsir 152 32. Extremity of Placental villus; after Goodsir 153 33. Progressive stages of cell-growth, in Shell-membrane (original) 156 34. Progressive stages of coalescence of cells, in Shell-membrane (original) 40. Distribution of vessels on surface of Cartilage; after Toynbee 43. Sections of Shell of Pinna (original) 44. Tubular shell-structure from Anomia (original) 45. Cancellated structure at extremity of Femur; after Toynbee 169 170 173 FIG. PAGE. 47. Section of Bony Scale of Lepidosteus (original). 49. Transverse section of long bone; after Wilson 50. Section of Cartilage, near seat of Ossification; after Wilson 51. Section of Cartilage, at the seat of Ossification; after Wilson 46. Lacunæ of Osseous substance; after Mandl 48. Network of Haversian canals, from vertical section of Tibia; after Mandl 52. Vessels of Dental Papilla; after Berres 53. Oblique Section of Dentine; after Owen . 54. Vertical Section of human molar tooth; after Nasmyth 55. Development of Teeth; after Goodsir 56. Structure of Hair of Musk-deer and Sable (original) 57. Structure of the Human Hair; after Wilson 58. Fasciculus of striated Muscular fibre; after Mandl 59. Non-striated Muscular fibres; after Bowman 60. Striated Muscular fibre separating into fibrilla 61. Muscular fibre cleaving into disks; after Bowman 62. Transverse section of muscular fibres; after Bowman 63. Structure of ultimate fibrilla of striated fibre (original) 64. Nucleated fibres from non-striated muscle; after Wilson 65. Fusiform contractile cells; after Kölliker 201 201 66. Nuclei in striated muscular fibres of fœtus; after Bowman. 67. Capillaries of Muscle; after Berres 202 203 68. Distribution of nerves in Muscle; after Burdach 204 69. Components of gray substance of brain; after Purkinje 75. Mucous coat of small intestine, showing Villi, and orifices of follicles; after 78. Section of Stomach of Sheep, showing demi canal; after Flourens . 82. Distribution of Capillaries in Intestinal Villus; after Berres 279 83. Commencement of Lacteal in Intestinal Villus; after Krause 84. Diagram of Lymphatic gland; after Goodsir 281 282 88. Vascular area of Fowl's egg; after Wagner 85. Epithelial cells of intra-glandular Lymphatic; after Goodsir 86. Course of Thoracic duct 87. Appearance of inflamed Blood; after Addison 89. Diagram of the Circulation in Fish 90. Diagram of the Circulation in Reptile 282 283 303 311 315 316 91. Diagram of complete Double Circulation. 318 97. Capillaries around orifices of mucous follicles; after Berres 98. Capillaries in Skin of finger; after Berres 333 99. Capillaries in fungiform papilla of Tongue; after Berres 333 100. Doris, showing branchial tufts; after Alder and Hancock 362 101. One of the arborescent processes of gills of Doris; ditto 102. Respiratory apparatus of Insects 365 367 103. Diagram of different forms of Respiratory Apparatus (original) 109. Rudimentary Pancreas, from Cod; after Müller. 110. Mammary Gland of Ornithorhyncus; after Müller 111. Meibomian Glands; after Müller. 112. Portion of Cowper's Gland; after Müller 113. Lobule of Lachrymal Gland; after Müller 114. Hepatic Follicles from Crab; after Goodsir 115. Ultimate follicles from Mammary gland; after Lebert 116. Surface of Lobule of Liver of Squilla; after Müller 117. Interior of Lobule of Liver of Squilla; after Müller 118. Liver of Tadpole; after Müller 119. Distribution of Blood-vessels in Lobules of Liver; after Kiernan 120. Connexion of Lobules of Liver with Hepatic vein; ditto 121. Distribution of Hepatic ducts around Lobules of Liver; after Kiernan 130. Vertical section of Skin; after Wilson 131. Hepatic Cells gorged with Fat; after Bowman 132. Various stages of development of Hæmatococcus binalis; after Hassal 133. Successive stages of development of simpler Algæ; after Kützing 134. Diagram representing the three principal forms of the Generative process in 144. Diagram of Ovum, showing the formation of the Amnion; after Wagner 145. Diagram of Human Ovum, in second month, showing the Allantois; after 147. Extremity of Placental Villus; after Goodsir 149. Diagram illustrating the arrangement of the placental decidua; after Goodsir, 151. Termination of portion of milk-duct in follicles; after Sir A. Cooper 152. Portion of the Ganglionic tract of Polydesmus; after Newport |