345; v, 32-47, 160-204, 237-284, 293-304; vi, 149-178, 183-188, 235-244, 299-314.-Western Quarterly Reporter, (8vo. Cincinnati,) ii, 71, &c.; 160-165. Annals of Lyc. of Nat. Hist. of New York, (8 vo.) i. 219-268.--Contrib. of Macl. Lyc., ii, 38, 39; 67-83.-Trans. of Amer. Phil. Soc. (Phil. 4to.) i, N. S., 401426; ii. 1-109.-American Entomology, Roy. 8vo. 3 vols. and Glossary, Phil. 1824-1828.

Radiata.-Jour. Phil. Acad., iv, 289-296; v, 141-154, 225-229.-Am. Jour. Sci. i, 381-387; ii, 34-38.

On various topics of Zoology, in Nicholson's British Encyclopedia, (Am. ed. Phil. 8vo. 6 vols., 1816, 1817.)-Encyclopædia Americana, (13 vols. 8vo. 18301833.--James's Account of Long's Exped. to the Rocky Mts. (2 vols. 8vo Phil. 1823.)-Keating's Narrative of Long's Expedition to St. Peter's River, (2 vols. 8vo. Phil. 1824.)

18. Obituary.-The Hon. SIMEON DEWITT, late Surveyor general of the State of New York, died at Ithaca, Dec. 3, 1834, in the seventy ninth year of his age. He was an eminent patron and cultivator of useful knowledge, and himself possessed high scientific attainments, especially in astronomy, engineering and general physics. This Journal and its editor were honored by communications from him and while we deeply lament his loss not only as a friend of Science but as "a pure patriot, a zealous indefatigable public officer, an estimable citizen and an honest man," we feel that he is among the revered dead, having gone down to the grave "full of years and of honors." We trust that Albany will pay a just tribute to his memory by a full biographical notice.

19. Modern Trilobites of New South Shetland.-These crustacea, so interesting to geology, whose families were supposed to be entirely extinct, still have, it seems, living representatives in the cold region of New South Shetland. Dr. Eights has figured and described them with scientific skill in the Transactions of the Albany Institute, Vol. II, No. 1. This paper of Dr. Eights with his interesting description of the island, as well as the other contents of the No. referred to, we intended to notice more particularly, but the work having been mislaid, we have not been able, after much search, to find a copy of it and of course we could not fulfil our design.

20. Recent Scientific Publications in the U. States.-Botanical Teacher for North America: in which are described the indigenous and common exotic Plants, growing north of the gulf of Mexico. By Laura Johnson: under the supervision of Prof. A. Eaton. The generic characters are from the descriptions of Prof. Lindley; the

specific are given by signs and abbreviations. These are preceded by a condensed view of the Artificial method, and followed by the Natural one. Albany, Oliver Steele. 12mo. pp. 268, 1834.

Observations on the genus Unio, together with descriptions of new genera and species in the families Naiades, Concha, Collimacea, Lymnæana, Melaniana, and Peristomiana: consisting of four memoirs read before the American Philos. Soc. from 1827 to 1834, and originally published in their Transactions: with nineteen colored plates, by Isaac Lea, M. A. P. S., Philadelphia. Printed for the author. 4to. pp. 232, 1834.

Synopsis of the Organic Remains of the Cretaceous Group of the United States; illustrated by nineteen plates, to which is added an Appendix, containing a tabular view of the Tertiary fossils hitherto discovered in North America. By Samuel George Morton, M. D. Philadelphia, Key & Biddle. Roy. 8vo. pp. 104, 1834. Mécanique Céleste. By the Marquis de La Place. Translated, with a Commentary, by Nathaniel Bowditch, LL. D. Vol. 3, 4to. pp. xxx and 910, and 107 of tables. With a Portrait of La Place. Boston, Hilliard, Gray, Little and Wilkins, 1834.

Transactions of the Geological Society of Pennsylvania. Vol. I, Part I, August, 1834. Philadelphia, Published by the Society. 8vo. pp. 180, with six lithographic plates.

The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge, for the year 1835. Boston, Charles Bowen. 12mo. pp. xii and 336, 1834.

Ancient Mineralogy, or, an Inquiry respecting Mineral Substances mentioned by the Ancients: with occasional remarks on the uses to which they were applied. By N. F. Moore, LL. D. New York, G. & C. Carvill & Co., 1834, 12mo. pp. 192.

21 Republications of Foreign Works.-The Connection of the Physical Sciences. By Mrs. Somerville. Philadelphia, 12mo. pp. 356, Key & Biddle, 1834.

Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of Digestion, considered with reference to Natural Theology. By Wm. Prout, M. D. F. R. S., (being 8th of the Bridgewater Treatises.) Philadelphia, Carey, Lea & Blanchard, 1834, 12mo. pp. 307.

Extracted and translated by Prof. J. Griscom.

22. Progressive increase of the Internal Heat of the crust of the globe. For the purpose of ascertaining whether a constant stream of water could be obtained by means of an Artesian well, sunk on the south side of the Jura mountains, at the distance of about a league from Geneva, and at an elevation of two hundred ninety nine feet above the level of the lake, M. Giroud at his country residence at Pregny, bored to the depth of five hundred forty seven feet without success. Despairing of success, he offered great facilities to any persons who might wish to prosecute the enterprize, for the purpose of scientific enquiry.

The hole bored, was Water began to appear worthy of remark, that

On this occasion, M M. Aug. De La Rive and F. Marcet made a successful application to the friends of science, and also to the government, and funds were obtained sufficient to enable them to continue the operations during eight months, and to extend the boring to the depth of six hundred eighty two feet. about four and a half inches in diameter. in it at the depth of twenty feet, and it is the height at which the water stood in the opening, as measured from the surface, was lower when the greatest depth was attained than it was at half the depth. At two hundred seventy five feet of depth, the water stood at fourteen feet from the surface ;—at five hundred feet it sunk to twenty two feet-at five hundred fifty, to thirty five feet. It then rose. At five hundred ninety five feet, it stood at twenty four feet six inches, but at six hundred seventy five feet, it again sunk to thirty five feet eight inches. The result of this praise worthy effort must operate as a salutary preventive from any farther expensive attempts to obtain running fountains from the theory of an internal communication with the springs on the summits of the Jura.

Having attained the extraordinary depth above mentioned, the experimenter devised the means of ascertaining the temperature of this opening at different depths. As the common thermometer would not answer the purpose, they contrived a self registering thermometer, constructed on a large scale, and whose accuracy was subject to the most satisfactory tests.

The following table exhibits the temperature of the hole at the depths specified.

It thus appears that the increase of temperature below the depth of one hundred feet from the surface, as far down as six hundred eighty feet, is precisely 0°.875 of Reaumur, (=1°.968 or 2° Fahrenheit, very nearly,) for every one hundred feet. It will be observed that the increase, instead of moving per saltum, as in some other cases, moves with remarkable uniformity. This, the experimenters think, may be owing to the care which was taken in this case, to remove and avoid every source of error.

This experiment appears to be the first attempt to ascertain, with any accuracy, the temperature of the earth at considerable depths, among the mountains of Switzerland.

The geological structure of the beds which were bored through on this occasion, was as follows: next to the upper layer of vegetable earth, sand and gravel, was a gravelly and bluish clay, mingled with soft sandstone, (molasse.) Below one hundred twenty feet commenced a succession of beds of marl and soft sandstone, of various thicknesses which continued without interruption to the termination of the boring, six hundred eighty two feet. At two hundred twenty feet, there was a bed of coarse sandstone, (molasse grossiere) two feet thick, with rolled pebbles; a remarkable fact, considering the depth. A strong fetid sulphurous odour was also observed in the layer of yellow marl mixed with sandstone, at the depth of two hundred eighty feet, that is near the level of the lake, and a grain of salt was found in the sandstone at this depth. The sulphurous

odor again appeared at six hundred feet, without the presence of any sulphurous compound that would account for its origin.-Bib. Univ. Mai. 1834.

Remark.-Upon the data stated above, at a little over two miles below the surface, water would boil; at about ten miles, the earth would be red hot, and probably at the depth of two hundred or three hundred miles, it would be in igneous fusion. There is, however, no certainty, that the heat increases in the same ratio to unknown depths, and the phenomena of volcanoes, prove, that not only the ignition but free fusion approximate to, and actually reach the surface, even in very high mountains.-Ed.

23. Water obtained by Boring. (J. G.)—Artesian Wells have been very successfully constructed in some parts of France. A letter from M. Jauburt de Passa to Viscount Hericart de Thury, describes a bored well, remarkable for the abundance of water which it supplies. It was made by M. Durand, two leagues south east of Perpignan.

The sound after penetrating to the depth of eighty feet, through alternate beds of marl and clay entered a bed of sandy marl, three feet thick, where issued a jet of water, very clear, but from the peculiarity of its taste, unfit for drinking. Its temperature was 140.5 Reaumur, (=65° Fahrenheit,) and it rose from three to four feet above the surface.

A second boring, undertaken at the distance of six feet from the first, gave, at the same depth, a jet of water, but the first jet diminished, and the quantity of water from both, was less than that which first issued from the former. The boring of the latter was then continued to the depth of one hundred forty five feet, when the sound began to sink of itself, and when precipitately withdrawn, the water rushed up, to the height of five feet, and astonished all by its abundance and force. No obstacle could restrain it. No direct attempt was made to determine the maximum height to which it might rise, but fifty feet was decreed to be fully within the limits of its ascending force.

At the time the letter was written, several weeks after the first issue of the water, it continued to flow with the same violence, and with rather increased quantity. From the dimensions and velocity of the current, it appeared to supply four hundred thirty gallons per