TABLE VI.-POPULATION. TOTAL BORN IN OTHER STATES (1900) 1,092 162 92 772 2 150 13 152 157 139 Alabama Arizona.. Arkansas California 26 Colorado 13 Connecticut 189 District of Columbia Florida Georgia.. 13,544 Idaho Illinois.. Indiana 138 Table VI shows in detail for 1900 the total number of persons in South Carolina born in other States. Elements of Population in Early Periods.-Mills' statistics thus deals with the elements of population of the State in the early periods of the State's history. "It was important to the safety and prosperity of the Province that the population should increase as rapidly as possible. To effect this every inducement to emigration was held out-liberty of conscience was allowed to all by the charter, and it tended greatly to encourage emigration. At this period (1680) commenced a severe religious persecution in England, which contributed essentially to people the new countries. To this circumstance was the Province indebted for the possession of those talents and that inflexible virtue, which distinguished its citizens during those perilous times. When men, to secure the rights of conscience, will exchange the endearments of home and cultivated society for a strange land and a wilderness, we can not doubt the correctness of their principles. Happy was it for Carolina, that such was the character of its earliest settlers. "In 1671, a small colony from Barbadoes came over, under the auspices of Sir John Yeamens, who had received a large grant of land from the proprietors. (With this colony were introduced the first, and for a considerable time the only slaves in Carolina.) "(The first settler of the Swiss Nation in South Carolina was Jean Francois de Genillet, who was granted 3,000 acres about 1688, about the same time some 1,200 acres was granted to John d'Arsens, Seigneur de Wernhaut, who was the first Belgian settler.) "In 1764, the colony received a valuable addition to its strength from the Dutch settlement of Nova Belgia (now New York). They first settled on James Island, where they founded a town, but, finding their situation too contracted, they spread themselves over the country. "In 1679, two small vessels arrived with several foreign Protestants, who proposed to raise wine, oil, silk and other productions of the South. "The revocation of the edict of Nantes, in 1685, contributed to send many valuable citizens to the Province; they generally, at first, established themselves on the banks of the Santee River. Besides those who came directly from France, there was a considerable number who emigrated to the Northern Provinces, and who afterwards repaired to this. "In 1696, the Reverend Joseph Lord, from Dorchester, Massachusetts, with his congregation, arrived in the Province, and settled in a body near the head of navigation of Ashley River. "In 1712, a premium was offered of 14 pounds currency, by law, for each healthy British servant, not a criminal. Though no considerable group of settlers are known to have emigrated to South Carolina between 1696 and 1730, the Province continued to advance in 34-H. B. population, from the arrival of many individuals. Immediately after the royal purchase of the Province in 1729, vigorous measures were adopted for filling the country with inhabitants. Bounties were offered, free lands assigned, and other inducements held out to allure settlers. The doors were thrown open to Protestants of all nations. Besides the distressed subjects of Great Britain, multitudes of the poor and unfortunate of Germany, Switzerland, and Holland closed with the offers and emigrated between the year 1730 and 1750. Orangeburg, Congaree and Wateree received a large proportion of the GermansWilliamsburg was the rendezvous for the Irish-the Swiss took their stand on the banks of the Savannah River. Soon after the suppression of the rebellions of 1715 and 1745, in Scotland, many of the vanquished Highlanders were transported to or voluntarily sought an asylum, in South Carolina. Numbers of Palatines arrived every year; until the King of Prussia put a stop to it, by refusing them a passage through his dominions. "Until this time the settlements were confined to within eighty miles of the coast. The extinction of Indian claims, by a cession of territory to the King, embracing a vast_extent of fine country, including the present districts of Edgefield, Abbeville, Laurens, Newberry, Union, Spartanburg, York, Chester, Fairfield and Richland, opened the way to the settlement of the upper country. For the protection of the inhabitants, a line of forts was built from the mountains down to Savannah River below Augusta. "The Province of Nova Scotia was first settled by the French, under the name of Acadia. After it fell into the hands of the English, motives of policy some time after induced a very harsh measure in respect to these French to be put into execution, in consequence of which about fifteen hundred of them were sent to Charleston. "Emigrants from Ireland and Germany continued to come into the Province, and many colonists belonging to Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, obtained grants of land in the interior of this State, and introduced the cultivation of wheat, hemp, flax and tobacco. These settlements were, however, much exposed to Indian depredations, and suffered from this cause until after the treaty of Paris, in 1763, which removed French influence from among the Indians. The cession of Florida, also removed troublesome neighbors, and left the Indians so much in the power of the English as to deter them from future hostilities. After this treaty, the population of the Province rapidly increased. "In April, 1764, five or six hundred poor Palatines arrived in Charleston, under royal protection, and some settled in a body, in one of the townships laid out in that part of the Province suited to their avocations, which consisted chiefly in the culture of the vine and silk. "In this year also 212 settlers arrived from France; they were made up of a number of persecuted Protestant families, under the guidance of the Rev. Mr. Gibert, a popular preacher. They were received with great kindness and hospitality, and in the October following were located on the banks of the Long-Cane Creek (now in Abbeville district), which they named Bourdeaux, and New Rochelle (after the capitals of the Province from which most of them emigrated). "But no country furnished the Province with as many inhabitants as Ireland. Scarcely a ship sailed from any of its ports for Charleston that was not crowded with men, women and children. The bounty allowed new settlers induced numbers of these people to resort to South Carolina. "When the great conflict for independence commenced, the population of South Carolina amounted to 40,000 souls. During its continuance little addition was made either to its population or improvement. But this was amply compensated by the multitudes from Europe and the more northern parts of America, which poured into the State shortly after the peace of 1783. Pendleton and Greenville Districts, which were obtained by treaty, founded on conquests, from the Cherokee Indians, in 1777, filled so rapidly with inhabitants that in the year 1800, they alone contained upwards of 30,000 souls. "Hitherto Carolina has been an asylum to those who fled from tyranny and persecution, to the exile, the weary and heavy laden, the wretched and unfortunate, and to those who were bowed down with poverty and oppression. The insecurity of life, liberty and property in revolutionary France, and the indiscriminate massacre of Frenchmen in St. Domingo, drove several hundreds in the last years of the eighteenth century to the shores of Carolina. They were kindly received, and such as were in want received a temporary accommodation, at th expense of the public. Most of them fixed their residence in or near Charleston. This was the last group of settlers the State received from foreign countries." The above was written in 1826. Population Analysis.-South Carolina in 1900 had a total population of 1,340,316, of which the large per cent. of 87.2 or 1,169,060 reside in the country districts. Charleston was at that time the only city credited with more than 25,000, having 55,807. In towns of from four to eight thousand there were 56,941 or 4.2 per cent. Classified by sex the State was very nearly equally divided, there being 664,895 males and 675,421 females, a difference of only .8 per cent. When divided by race the negro predominates with a total of 782,321, the white 557.807, while the Indian numbers only 121, and the Mongolian 67, the white having an increase from the period of 1890 to 1900 of 20.7 to the negro's increase of 13.6 per cent. In 1890 the native born persons in South Carolina were 1,144,879, while in 1900 they increased to 1,334,788, an increase of 16.6, while the foreign born persons in South Carolina in 1890 were 6,270 and in 1900 showed only 5,528, a decrease of 11.8 per cent. Of the State's entire population 99.6 are native born, while the small per cent. of .4 are foreign. Our State has drawn heavily from North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, New York and Alabama, respectively, for her people born in other States, varying from North Carolina's contribution of 29,000 to Alabama's of 1,092. In 1900 our foreign population consisted of 2,075 Germans, 1,131 Irish, 180 Italians, 316 Russians, 259 Scotchmen, 84 Frenchmen, and 49 Norwegians, with perhaps 100 others from Mexico, Greece, Poland, Holland, Finland, etc. Our younger population or those at age to receive schooling are classified into both sex and race, there being a total number of school age of 560,773, consisting of 279,546 males and 281,227 females, of which 218,323 are white, and 342,401 are negro. The military strength of the State is shown by the militia age reaching a total of 236,767 persons, of which 106,406 are white and 130,283 negro, 24 Indian, and 54 Mongolian. Of voting age in 1900 there were 283,325 persons; white 130,375, negro 152,860, 29 Indian, and 61 Mongolian. The families classified by tenure of homes shows that there were 269,864 families, of which 77,346 were freeholders, 175,780 rented, and 14,048 homes were under mortgage. The condition of the remainder of families' holdings was unknown. Our working population of 570,995 is divided into five principal classes, those following agricultural pursuits being the largest, and numbering 393,693; next is the domestic class, 78,795; the manufacturing class or those following mechanical pursuits, 58,731; trade and transportation employes number 29,345, while there are 10,431 professionally engaged. These principal classes are subdivided into male and female divisions, as follows: The agricultural, 278,614 males, 115,079 females; the domestic, 33,732 males and 45,063 females; the manufacturing, 42,669 males, 16.062 females; trade and transportation, 27,794 males, 1,551 females; professionally there are 6,836 males and 3,595 females. The farming families in South Carolina number 152,993, of which 43,096 own their homes, 11,192 have mortgages, and 93,570 rent their places. Some 4,225 families live at homes, the ownership of which is not procurable. The working negro of the State numbers 224,561 males and 138,560 females. Of these the large proportion of 173,278 males and 94,048 females follow agricultural pursuits. There are 1,627 males in professional service, of which 1,042 are clergymen, and 1,019 females. Domestic or personal service occupies 27,611 males and 41,037 females; of the latter 12,715 are engaged as laundresses. Under the head of trade and transportation there are 8,238 males and 219 females working. The larger part of those so termed are employed either on railroads or conduct hacks and drays of their own. Manufacturing and general mechanical pursuits employ 13,807 negro males and 2,237 females. Under this class there are 2,695 who are independent carpenters and joiners. No State in the Union, perhaps, furnishes a better variety of sport for the hunter and the fisherman than South Carolina. The fact that Grover Cleveland, that peer among huntsmen, while President of the United States, and since that time, has found his best hunting and fishing on the coast of South Carolina, and annually comes to indulge in this sport, is a guarantee that South Carolina hunting and fishing affords a variety of rare attractiveness. The further fact that many wealthy men have bought up land and established hunting preserves with club houses is indicative of the character of the sport to be had. Georgetown County abounds in game. One of the most famous gun clubs in that section is the Annandale Gun Club, located between Winyah Bay and Santee River. Here some of the most distinguished citizens of the country have hunted, including President Grover Cleveland, Admiral Robley D. Evans, Gen. Alexander, Capt. Lamberton and others too numerous to mention. A membership in this club is worth $15,000, and its membership scarcely exceeds 12 men. Another famous club is that located on Murphy's Island, about 25 miles from Georgetown, and is called the Santee Gun Club. Its membership is composed largely of Philadelphians, who also pay fancy prices for the privilege of hunting in Georgetown County. Throughout the State quail abound, and notable hunting sections are in the vicinity of Ridgeway and Ninety-Six. On the coast deer are to be found in abundance, and deer hunting in Hampton, Georgetown and other low-country counties is as good, perhaps, as anywhere in the world. Wild turkey, bear and wild duck shooting is to be had in abundance. Duck shooting is excellent, not alone on the coast, but along most of the numerous river courses in the State, extending northward above Columbia on the Broad River. Then there is the delicate and delicious rice bird found in the coast counties, particularly Georgetown. As for fishing, off the coast practically every variety of sea fish is found, save the tarpon, and rare sport is afforded the deep-sea fisherman. Black fish, whiting, sheepshead and such fish are the victims in large quantities of fishing parties that spend pleasant days in sail boats or naphtha launches. Aside from this sea-water fishing for pleasure, there is much fishing for shad for commercial purposes, and thousands of oysters, as will be seen elsewhere, are gathered for consumption and canning. It is a common thing on the coast for negroes to manage to live the entire year at practically no expense as a result of their fishing operations. Shrimp and crab are gathered freely. In the fresh water streams, lakes and ponds all over the State are to be found in abundance delicious trout, the famed pond bream, jack fish, perch, cat fish, goglies, "mollies," and many other varieties of fish that make glad the heart of the true fisherman. German carp in plenty are also to be caught. The perch and the bream are esteemed the fish de luxe, and far and wide are famed the bream caught in the great lake at Langley, not far from Aiken. |