many thousands of visitors an address that came to be regarded as the greatest speech of his career, in which he outlined the future progressive policies of the nation. Next day, Friday, September 6, he held a public reception in the Temple of Music of the Exposition and shook hands with all who came. In the reception line was Leon Czolgosz, a so-called Anarchist, who had a handkerchief wrapped around his right hand, seemingly to protect a wound, but in reality to conceal a revolver which he held. When Czolgosz, in his turn, reached the President, at a distance of three feet he fired two shots to assassinate Mr. McKinley. One of the bullets penetrated the stomach and lodged in the muscles of the back, and from this wound, he died, on Sept. 14, at the home of John G. Milburn in Buffalo. His last words were, "It is God's way. His will be done, not ours." He was buried at Canton, Ohio, his home city. His murderer was tried, convicted and electrocuted at Auburn, N. Y., Oct. 29, 1901. Aside from the assassination, President McKinley will have a prominent place in American history because of the Spanish War which was waged during his first administration; also because of the extraordinary liking for him shown by the great mass of the nation. Perhaps he was the most popular President since Washington. Shortly after his death, an organization was formed to perpetuate his memory. It was planned to celebrate his birthday, each year, by wearing a pink carnation, and January 29 was named "Carnation Day." It is purely an unofficial anniversary, which is observed quietly by many in all parts of the country.

The chief events of President McKinley's administration were the annexation of Hawaii (1898), the Spanish-American War and the acquiring of the Philippines, Porto Rico, Wake and Guam (1898), the expedition under Gen. Chaffee in the Boxer Insurrection in China (1900), and the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo (1901).

Jan. 29 (1861)-Kansas admitted into the Union, year 1861.

Jan. 29 (1861)-John A. Dix was Secretary of the Treasury in President Buchanan's administration. The U. S. Revenue cutter Robert McClelland was at New Orleans. Dix ordered the captain, J. G. Breshwood, to sail north. The captain refused for the Civil War was seen to be inevitable and the Confederates wished to keep the ship. Dix, on Jan. 29, 1861, telegraphed Lieutenant Caldwell ordering him to arrest Breshford and take command of the ship. The message concluded with the famous phrase, "If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot."

Jan. 30 (1835)-Attempt to assassinate President Jackson, year 1835. The President, accompanied by members of his cabinet, and surrounded by members of Congress, had assisted at a funeral ceremony in honor of a deceased congressman, in the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. He was crossing the rotunda on his way to his carriage, when a man named Richard Lawrence, a house painter, stepped toward him, and at a distance of eight feet leveled a pistol at him and snapped the trigger. The cap exploded but the pistol was not discharged. The man dropped the pistol and pulled another; that also missed fire and the assassin was knocked down and overpowered. He was tried for attempted murder in April of that year and adjudged insane. He stated that he believed the President had ruined the country, and therefore it was best to remove him, and the "powers of Europe" would protect him-Lawrence. He died in an asylum.

Jan. 30 (1900)-Assassination of Governor Goebel of Kentucky, year 1900.

Jan. 31 (1830)-James Gillespie Blaine, born at West Brownsville, Pa., year 1830; died at Washington, D. C.,

Jan. 27, 1893. He was the candidate of the Republican party for President in 1884; was defeated by Grover Cleveland, candidate of the Democratic party. The election was decided by the electoral vote of New York state, which gave a plurality of 1,074 votes for Cleveland in the popular election. This political campaign has a curious interest in American history because of the phrase "Rum, Romanism and Rebellion" which became familiar to the whole nation in that year. Rev. Samuel D. Burchard, a Presbyterian clergyman and pastor of a congregation in New York city, led a gathering of ministers to Mr. Blaine's headquarters in New York, and, addressing the Republican candidate, said: "We are Republicans, and do not propose to leave our party and identify ourselves with those whose antecedents have been rum, Romanism and rebellion." Mr. Blaine did not protest against this expressed sentiment of his friend. The Burchard speech was seized upon by the Democratic party and alienated thousands of Roman Catholics who had been friendly to Mr. Blaine. Politicians generally assert that the Burchard speech defeated Blaine.

Jan. 31 (1865)-Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution adopted by Congress, year 1865. Its ratification by twenty-seven states was announced on Dec. 18, 1865. The Amendment reads:

"Section 1-Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

"Section 2-Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

Jan. 31 (1917)—U. S. government received a note from the German government announcing that, on the coming Feb. 1, "sea traffic will be stopped with every

available weapon and without further notice," in "barred zones," around Great Britain, France, Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean. This was a declaration that Germany would begin again the ruthless submarine warfare against England and France, with increase of what was commonly known as "frightfulness." This action of the German government directly caused the diplomatic break a few days later.

FEBRUARY

February 1 (1838)—Screw propeller for steamships patented by its inventor, John Ericsson, year 1838. Ericsson was a native of Sweden who came to America in 1839, at the age of 35 years. He lived as an American until his death in 1889. His most famous work was the designing and building of the warship Monitor. (See Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac, March 9.)

Feb. 2 (1819)-Treaty with Spain signed, by which the United States purchased Florida for $5,000,000, year 1819.

Feb. 2 (1848)-Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo signed by the United States and Mexico, year 1848. By the terms of this treaty, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California were formally ceded to the United States upon payment of about $15,000,000.

Feb. 3 (1811)-Horace Greeley, journalist, born at Amherst, N. H., year 1811; died at Pleasantville, N. Y., Nov. 29, 1872. He was a Vermont farmer's son. The family was very poor. The farm was sold to pay debts and the elder Greeley had to work as a hired man for other farmers. Horace Greeley went to the village public school. That was all the school education he ever had. Yet he grew to be one of the best educated men in America. He became an apprentice in the trade of printer when he was fifteen years old. He founded the New York Tribune and for twenty years-from 1850 to 1870 he was the most influential editor in America. Though he was a Republican, he was nominated for President by the Democratic party in 1872, in opposition to President Grant. He was defeated overwhelmingly. He died of brain fever, and was buried in Greenwood cemetery, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Feb. 3 (1917)-President Wilson broke diplomatic relations with Germany by recalling American Ambassa