some hours' repose, filter and concentrate this lye by evaporation until it marks 36°. Take twelve parts thereof, to 24 parts of oil, adding it little by little to the oil, and stirring constantly until the mixture has the appearance of a soft fat. In two or three days the consistence becomes such that it can be transferred to moulds of delftware, which are to be kept in a temperature of 70° F. In about a month it can be taken from the forms. The temperature of the lye should be between 50° and 60°. But if the soap must be made more rapidly, boil the mixture, taking care to add a little warm water now and then to the lye, to counteract concentration, which is occasioned by the evaporation of the water. The sweet almond oil soap, well prepared, is beautifully white, and of a mild odor and savor. When dried, it becomes hard enough to be formed into powder by pulverization. In boiling soap, the increase of facilities has superseded the use of the old-fashioned curb and kettle, for which clean cedar vats are now substituted. These are heated by injection of steam, from an ordinary steam-boiler, through welded wrought-iron, or copper pipes or worms. LANE MEDICAL LIBRARY STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER STANFORD, CALIF. 9430 Melt the spermaceti, and mix in the lard and oil, and lastly the lye; throw the whole into a stoneware vessel, and expose to a moderate heat in a sand-bath until the disappearance of the alkali; on the morrow, rub the mixture in a marble mortar with one-eighth of alcohol 33°, and perfume with 1 oz. essence of bitter almonds. Naples soap, liquid.-Take 12 lbs. shavings of good white soap, and melt in 2 or 3 quarts of rose and orange flower waters. Add, to retain its liquidity, 2 lbs. of oil aux fleurs, slightly boil the mixture, put in 4 oz. powdered bergamot peel for coloring, then strain and perfume as for the soaps in tablets. In default of oil, when the soap is melted, add 2 quarts of good essence of soap; leave it for 15 minutes to thoroughly incorporate, and then strain and perfume. If by age it becomes dry, moisten with a little rose or orange flower water. The liquid soaps are susceptible of every variety of perfume. Toilet soft soap.-This fabrication is simple and easy. The only difficulty is in not being always able to arrest the evaporation at the same point, in order that the soap shall have a uniform consistence. The fat employed is lard, of which weigh out 30 lbs. and mix with 23 lbs. caustic potash lye 17°. Gradually raise the heat to boiling, and prolong only so long as is requisite to form a perfect paste and thorough union of lye with the grease; after this, accelerate the evaporation of the water as rapidly as possible by a steady continuance of this same temperature, until vapors cease to be given off. At this stage arrest the ebullition, for the paste has become too thick to be stirred freely. It is of snow-white brilliancy, if the lye and grease employed are pure and clean and demi-solid, and always preserves the same appearance. If the paste has not been sufficiently cooked, it will soon be apparent, for on the same or next day it will become stringy. This defect is both avoided and remedied by submitting the paste to an adequate evaporation. Crême d'amandes amères.—It is only within a few years that the mode of properly making this soap was known. Weigh out 20 lbs. of lard 10 lbs. of potash lye 36°. Melt the grease in a stoneware vessel, heated by a sand-bath of regulated temperature; agitate continually with a wooden paddle, and when the grease is semifluid and looks milky, pour in only one-half of the lye, continuing the stirring, and keeping up a constant heat without variation. The empatage perfects gradually, and an hour afterwards, when the grease tends to the surface and the granulated soap, already partially formed, precipitates, add the other half of the lye. This completes the paste, and dissipates the granules. Having thus conducted the operation for four or five hours, the mass has become so firm and compact that it cannot be stirred, and hence must be gently frotted or beaten. At this time stop the fire, and place the vessel in warm water, that it may gradually cool. This soap, thus finished, is not pearly; that property must be developed by a thorough trituration |