tightened up on it. As fast as we can get these other facilities built we will get out of these permanent barracks and, sir, give them to the troops.

Chairman RUSSELL. I have never been to Okinawa. Is there any temporary construction or did you start with permanent construction at the outset? Did you build temporary barracks there for the men or did they live in tents until you got permanent barracks?

Colonel RICHARDS. They had temporary construction there. In fact, they had quonsets when this typhoon hit, and the severe damage is what led to a great deal of permanent construction on Okinawa, because of the typhoon problems there.

General SHULER. This completes the items for the Pacific Command area. Mr. Chairman, with your permission I will now proceed with the items in France and Germany. Our program in Europe totals $13,164,000. We have one item in France.

EUROPEAN COMMAND AREA

FRANCE

Chairman RUSSELL. Directing your attention to page 396, are the locations of these ammunition sites or igloos classified?

General SHULER. No, sir; this is at Captieux.

Chairman RUSSELL. That is just outside of Bordeaux.
General SHULER. Yes, sir.

Chairman RUSSELL. That item has been taken up here two or three times.

You do have facilities there at the present time, but you claim they are inadequate?

General SHULER. They are completely inadequate, Mr. Chairman. We cannot do our mission with them. This item is required for longterm depot storage of all classes of conventional ammunition. The ammunition is presently stored in Transite, canvas, and metal huts. These huts are unacceptable for continued use because of the time required to handle and outload ammunition and because the huts afford no protection against the wide daily variation in temperature and humidity prevalent in the Captieux area. This causes deterioration of ammo at a fast rate.

Chairman RUSSELL. Why are they so completely inadequate? There are a great many of them, aren't there?

General SHULER. They are spread over much too great in area for safety distance reasons. Being 45 miles from the coast the humidity inside the storage facilities combined with large fluctuations in temperature causes moisture to drip on the ammunition, and we have a constant maintenance problem, which is very acute. By putting in this type of igloo it would use much less area, we will have a much smaller road net to contend with, and we can get the ammunition out with mechanical assistance, whereas now we cannot do that.

We have to manhandle it. We have a number of pictures of what we are using here that illustrates just how bad the situation is. This would also eliminate the deterioration of the ammunition to a large degree.

Chairman RUSSELL. How far do you think these new igloos should be from the coast?

General SHULER. They would be in the same area, Mr. Chairman. Chairman RUSSELL. That is what I thought.

General SHULER. But they will be the type of construction where we do not have this difficulty on the humidity and the changes in temperature. We are now in canvas, wooden structures. I have some pictures here which illustrate some of the types.

Chairman RUSSELL. Yes, I have seen that. If you are going to maintain the organization there, of course, you need some new buildings.

General SHULER. We intend to put in earth-covered Stradley igloos, sir, which are a modern type igloo, and won't have this type of difficulty.

Chairman RUSSELL. I was in that area. I drove from Bordeaux when I followed that supply line from Bordeaux to Paris by automobile.

But what concerns me, General, is apparently no effort is made to bring any of these expensive installations into the NATO infrastructure program where we get at least some contribution from our allies over there.

Why do we have to bear all of the expense of this construction? This is 100 percent American funds.

General SHULER. Mr. Chairman, this particular line item is presently, as Secretary Morris said this morning, up for consideration in the NATO council for inclusion infrastructure funding. We have as many other items on our infrastructure request as we think could make the grade under the criteria for infrastructure funding. But we cannot guarantee that this is going to be accomplished. This is up to the people whom we do not control, and to be sure that we get this facility, because it is so important to us, we have it in the MCA program. When and if it goes into the infrastructure and is accepted, the money will then revert to the miscellaneous receipts of the U.S. Treasury. So it will, in effect, be a reimbursement for this MCA expenditure. We are making every effort, sir, I can assure you, because the Secretary of Defense personally is pushing using infrastructure as much as we possibly can.

Chairman RUSSELL. If he pushes as hard for that as he does for some of the things he works for here at home, I think we will get better results. When the Secretary restricts officers lecturing to the Kiwanis Club, he stops that all right. If he gets behind the Gesell report and threatens to close up whole communities and not promote people unless they go in for social reforms he gets results. If he would put a little more energy in these infrastructure items, it might perhaps be a little better.

GERMANY

General SHULER. Our program for Germany includes projects at seven installations totaling $9,485,000. Three classified items in Germany will be discussed during executive session.

Augsburg Post, Germany. The program includes one item here, for airfield pavement at a cost of $321,000. This project will provide 62,500 square yards of runway, taxiway, and parking aprons,

also, lighting and POL facilities all at Gablingen Army Airfield. Units are now using rented facilities at Messerschmitt Army Airfield which are unsuitable for operation of turbine-powered aircraft. Rented facilities will be returned to the German owners upon construction of these facilities. This will result in an annual saving of $117,000 rental fee plus utility costs.

Bad Kreuznach Post, Germany.-The program includes three items for this post, the first of which is for a calibration laboratory at a cost of $92,000. This facility is necessary to provide calibration support required by the advanced weapons systems employed throughout U.S. Army, Europe. Only through adequate calibration support can the accuracy and reliability of these advanced weapons systems be maintained and assured; therefore, the lack of this capability. negates the purposes of deploying these weapons systems for combat. Existing facilities are located in a temporary structure without controlled environmental conditions and they are in an area of heavy electronic interference. Existing facilites are so small that only onethird of the total requirement can be accommodated.

The second item is for a motor maintenance shop at a cost of $100,000. This is required to provide an adequate shop for preventive maintenance on wheeled vehicles and missile components at McCully Barracks, Wackernheim. Two company size units of the 40th Artillery Group must perform first and second echelon maintenance on 83 motor vehicles and 70 towed vehicles at this station. At the present time there are no shop facilities for assignment to these two units. These two units are currently performing most of their maintenance on open hardstand areas.

The third item is for ammunition storage facilities at a cost of $2,438,000. This is a classified item to be discussed in executive session.

Baumholder Post, Germany.-The program includes one item for this post, ammunition storage facilities at a cost of $3,557,000. This is a classified item to be discussed in executive session.

Fulda Post, Germany-the program includes one item for this post, maintenance hangar and facilities, at a cost of $1,125,000. This is required to provide adequate maintenance facilities for 26 aircraft of the 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment's Aviation Company. Only three aircraft can be accommodated at a time in the present facility. Maintenance of the remaining aircraft must be conducted in the open. which is extremely difficult in inclement weather. There are no facilities for washing aircraft. In addition to the hangar this project includes bituminous apron and parking area, runway extension, 40foot wide taxiway, concrete wash rack, lighting, and utilities. The existing hardstand is only large enough for parking 4 of 19 assigned aircraft and is unsafe being too close to the runway. A temporary parking area of gravel is presently being used. There are no taxiways and the runway is only 2,200 feet long without overruns.

Grafenwoehr Post, Germany-The program includes four items at this post, the first being airfield surfacing at a cost of $89,000. This will provide materials and supplies for troop construction of runway extension, parking apron, helicopter pads, service road, and wash rack. The Grafenwoehr Airfield has inadequate facilities to handle the large volume of transient traffic as well as its own assigned aircraft. Fixed wing aircraft and helicopters park on sod unimproved

open ground which is muddy and rutted. Helicopters pick up flying debris and mud as they take off and land causing damage to aircraft. The runway is too short. This is particularly hazardous during the winter months when ice and snow prevent proper braking action. Present overruns are soft, uneven and muddy and therefore dangerous. Aircraft are washed on the taxiway creating a safety hazard. These unsatisfactory conditions contribute to maintenance problems and safety hazards. No other facilities are available.

The second item is for alteration of messhalls and latrine buildings at a cost of $354,000. These messhalls and latrines serve troops who spend from 4 to 6 weeks training at Grafenwoehr. They are used continually by one unit after another. These buildings have inadequate heat and hot water. Soldiers eat in cold smoky messhalls. They wash and shower in improperly heated buildings with inadequate hot water. Soldiers are used to tend the space heaters and the hot water boilers. This hinders their primary mission of training. Oil burners will provide adequate heat and hot water, release soldiers for training, and save on fuel costs.

The third item is for concrete hardstands, one at Camp Aachen and two at Camp Normandy, at a cost of $748,000. This item is required. to park tracked vehicles used for training. Open fields presently used become almost unusable in inclement weather. Damage to rollers and bearings of tracked vehicles causes loss of valuable training time.

The fourth item is for two concrete hardstands for tracked vehicles at South Camp at a cost of $414,000. Open fields are now used and equipment is damaged during wet and freezing weather. Valuable training time is lost for repairs. No other parking facilities are available.

Heidelberg Post, Germany-The program includes one item here for the alterations and additions to the communications building, Campbell Barracks, at a cost of $153,000. This is required due to growing workload of the USAREUR signal center. This is now a part of the Defense Communications System. There are increased requirements for STARCOM and the USAREUR signal center is now an alternate command post in the EUCOM alert net.

Munich Post, Germany-The program includes one item for this post; that is to alter the communications center, at a cost of $94.000. This is required to provide adequate secure space for the Southern Area Command minor relav station. Facilities now in use cannot be converted due to lack of floor space and because they do not meet security requirements.

This completes the request for authorization in Europe. We have three items in the Caribbean Command area: two at Fort Buchanan, P.R., and one at Fort Clayton, C.Z.

CARIBBEAN COMMAND AREA

FORT BUCHANAN, P.R.

Fort Buchanan, P.R., operates a training center, a personnel center, and a logistical support center for the U.S. Army. Antilles. The program includes two items at this station, the first of which is for two enlisted men's barracks with mess, at a cost of $1,417,000.

The total requirement here is for 767 enlisted personnel. There is only one permanent 200-man barracks existing, leaving a deficit of 567 spaces. Semipermanent and temporary buildings are presently being used for barracks, messhalls, classrooms, etc. They are overloaded and some have deteriorated beyond economical repair. Eight of the temporary buildings will be demolished.

The second item is for land acquisition, at a cost of $111,000. This is acquisition of the right-of-way of the former American Railroad Co. to permit free circulation throughout the installation, also acquisition of a perpetual easement along the railroad right-of-way from the Puerto Rico Railroad Land & Development Co., in order to install subsurface communications cables from Fort Buchanan to Ramey Air Force Base.

Chairman RUSSELL. The item on page 421 is a classified item, is it

not?

General SHULER. The item, the items, on page 421, sir, are not classified, and they have nothing to do with the "Puerto Rico package" that has to do with getting out of the San Juan area and involves the Navy and Army. That is classified.

These are unclassified and needed regardless of whether that package is authorized. Fort Brooke is the one the Army would be involved in getting out of.

Chairman RUSSELL. That is your headquarters. What is Fort Buchanan?

General SHULER. Fort Buchanan is the training center for Puerto Rico, which is just across the bay from Fort Brooke.

Chairman RUSSELL. That is not very far from San Juan itself. General SHULER. No, sir. This is where under the package plan we would move to from Fort Brooke. But these two projects, sir, are at Fort Buchanan, and are needed regardless of the move-out of Fort Brooke.

Chairman RUSSELL. I was under the impression that Fort Buchanan was largely used as a National Guard, Reserve training center.

General SHULER. Sir, it has other missions. They induct Puerto Ricans there, and then they teach them some English in the training center prior to sending them to the United States and to the training centers, but it also has a port of embarkation, and does all the logistic missions for Fort Brooke.

Chairman RUSSELL. How long does it take to teach the average Puerto Rican recruit English?

General SHULER. Sir, I am not familiar with the length of time. I could certainly get that information for you and put it in the record.

Mr. FOSTER. I am R. B. Foster of General Shuler's office. The course they give is an 8-week course. They call it prebasic, and this is intended to give the non-English-speaking recruit just a sufficient command of English to understand the training that he would subsequently get in a basic training center.

Chairman RUSSELL. You do not have enough bilingual officers to train them in Spanish?

Mr. FOSTER. We do not. And, as a matter of policy, we prefer not to keep them in Spanish-speaking units.

Chairman RUSSELL. As a matter of fact, we did have, altogether, Spanish-speaking Puerto Rican units there. We called up some of them during the Korean war.