(B) a summary of the results of studies authorized by this subsection on the nature and magnitude of problems in developing countries related to infant feeding practices; and

(C) a summary of reports by member countries of the World Health Organization on their actions to implement the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes.

TITLE IV-FOOD FOR PEACE PROGRAMS

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SELF-HELP MEASURES TO INCREASE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; VERIFICATION OF SELF-HELP PROVISIONS

(c) 4 The amendments made by this section shall not be effective if the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 is enacted (either before or after the enactment of this Act) and contains the same amendments.

(2) 6 Assistance provided from funds appropriated, before the enactment of this Act, to carry out section 481 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 may be made available for purposes prohibited by subsection (d) of such section as in effect immediately before the enactment of this subsection.

(3)6 Funds appropriated for the fiscal year 1980 to carry out section 481 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which were obligated for assistance for the Republic of Colombia may be used for purposes other than those set forth in section 482(a)(2) of that Act as in effect immediately before the enactment of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980.

(4)6 Paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection shall apply only to the extent provided in advance in an appropriations Act. For such purpose, the funds described in those paragraphs are authorized to be made available for the purposes specified in those paragraphs.

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4 Subsecs. (a) and (b) of sec. 403 contained amendments to Public Law 83-480. The Agriculture and Food Act of 1981, referred to in subsec. (c) was enacted on December 22, 1981 (Public Law 97-98; 95 Stat. 1213), and contained the same amendments as sec. 403. The amendments made by subsecs. (a) and (b), therefore, did not come into force.

5 Par. (1) amended sec. 481(d) of the FA Act of 1961.

622 U.S.C. 2291 note.

RESTORATION OF CERTAIN AUTHORITIES FORMERLY CONTAINED IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE ACT

EMERGENCY HUMANITARIAN HELP FOR THE PEOPLE OF POLAND

Sec. 708. (a) The people of Poland, with whom the people of the United States have a longstanding friendship, now face serious domestic food shortages which will be worsened by large-scale loss of their livestock this winter if feed supplies do not arrive quickly. Therefore, the President is urged, for urgent humanitarian reasons, to use existing authorities promptly in order to provide to the people of Poland, under as favorable terms as possible, feed grains from Commodity Credit Corporation stocks or other appropriate commodities.

(b) For the longer term, the President is encouraged to pursue discussions with other Western countries about a multilateral effort to help the people of Poland achieve self-sustaining economic recovery in the years ahead.

(c) 1

13***

7Sec. 601(a) amended the Peace Corps Act by adding a new_sec. 2A providing for the Peace Corps as an independent agency. For text, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1997, vol. I-B.

For text of freestanding provisions of sec. 601, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1997, vol. I-B.

9Sec. 604(a) amended sec. 10 of the Peace Corps Act by adding new subsecs. (i) and (j). For text, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1997, vol. I-B.

10 Sec. 604(b) amended sec. 5(h) of the Peace Corps Act. For text, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1997, vol. I-B.

11 For text of sec. 604(c), see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1997, vol. I–B.

12 Sec. 705 amended sec. 2 and 11 of and added a new sec. 8A to the Inspector General Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-452; 99 Stat. 1101). Sec. 705 also amended the FA Act of 1961 to conform with the new sec. 8A.

13 Subsec. (c) amended the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 by adding a new sec. 540 providing $5,000,000 for Poland during fiscal year 1982.

USE OF CERTAIN POLISH CURRENCIES

Sec. 709. (a) Notwithstanding section 1415 of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1953, section 508 of the General Government Matters, Department of Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1962, or any other provision of law, the currencies or credits received by the United States from the April 1981 sale and from the October 1981 sale of United States Government-held surplus dairy products to Poland shall, to such extent as may be provided in advance in an appropriation Act, be used by the President in Poland to serve United States interests, including use for activities of common benefit to the people of the United States and the people of Poland, such as joint programs in energy, agriculture, education, science, health, and culture, or for humanitarian activities.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the availability or expenditure of such foreign currencies or credits shall not affect or reduce appropriations otherwise available for the purposes described in subsection (a).

FINDINGS REGARDING GLOBAL SECURITY

Sec. 710. (a) The Congress finds that the security of the United States and other countries is increasingly affected by a broad range of global problems including shortages or potential shortages of food, oil, water, wood, and other basic mineral and natural resources; desperate poverty; sickness; population pressures; environmental deterioration, including soil erosion and water pollution; and large-scale and destabilizing refugee problems.

(b) The Congress finds that hunger, disease, and extreme poverty are among the most critical of these global problems. As ever greater numbers of people perceive the disparity between their own continuing deprivation and the prosperity of others, and judge their predicament to be neither just nor inevitable, it becomes increasingly likely that there will be unrest and violence with consequent disruption of the flow of essential materials, adverse effects on the world economy, decreased likelihood of cooperative efforts toward meeting the other critical problems threatening national and global security, and increased likelihood of confrontation between nations which possess nuclear arms.

(c) Therefore, the Congress finds that the Nation's understanding of global and national security must be broad enough to include the problems cited in this section, and that adequate protection of the security of the United States requires effective action on these global problems, and in particular on the problems of hunger, disease, and extreme poverty.

WORLD FOOD SECURITY RESERVES

Sec. 711. (a) The Congress finds that—

(1) the Congress recently passed and the President signed into law an Act which provides for establishment of a United States food security reserve of up to four million metric tons of wheat to be used for emergency food assistance;

(2) the food import needs of developing countries will increase over the next ten years; and

(3) other grain exporting countries could take additional steps to assure continuity of food assistance during food crisis years.

(b) The President shall encourage other grain exporting countries to establish their own food security reserves or take other measures that complement the United States food security reserve.

(c) The President shall report to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate within one year after the enactment of this Act on the actions he has taken and the response of other countries to these proposals.

FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF POLICY REGARDING WORLD HUNGER

Sec. 712. The Congress, affirming the value of human life, finds and declares that the elimination of hunger and its causes is of fundamental moral significance and, further, that it is in the political, economic, and security interests of the United States. Therefore, the Congress declares that the elimination of hunger and its causes shall be a primary objective of United States relations with the developing countries.

REAFFIRMATION OF SUPPORT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS PROVISIONS

Sec. 713. (a) The Congress reaffirms its support for the various statutory provisions which have been enacted in order to promote internationally recognized human rights.

(b) It is the sense of the Congress that a strong commitment to the defense of human rights should continue to be a central feature of United States foreign policy.

IMMIGRANT VISAS FOR TAIWAN

Sec. 714.14 The approval referred to in the first sentence of section 202(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act shall be considered to have been granted with respect to Taiwan (China).

LEBANON

Sec. 715. It is the sense of the Congress that the Government of the United States should continue to support diplomatic efforts to resolve the current crisis in Lebanon, and to pursue a comprehensive and coordinated policy in Lebanon guided by the following principles:

(1) maintenance of an effective cease-fire throughout Lebanon;

(2) resolution of the issue of the Syrian missiles deployed in Lebanon;

(3) freedom, security, and opportunity for the Christian and all other Lebanese communities, including the Moslem, Druze, Armenian, and Jewish communities in Lebanon;

148 U.S.C. 1152 note.

(4) reaffirmation of the historic United States-Lebanon relationship and strengthening the longstanding commitment of the United States to the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Lebanon, without partition, free from terrorism and violence, and free to determine its future without Soviet or other outside interference;

(5) generous international support for relief, rehabilitation, and humanitarian assistance for Lebanon, particularly for those Lebanese citizens who have suffered from the terrorism and violence of recent events;

(6) restoration of Lebanon's sovereignty free from outside domination or occupation; and

(7) support for a free and open national election.

USE OF CHEMICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS

Sec. 716. (a) The Congress condemns the use of, and the provision for use of, chemical agents and toxin weapons against the peoples of Laos, Kampuchea, or Afghanistan.

(b) It is the sense of the Congress that the President should, acting through the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations and all other appropriate diplomatic agents, seek definite measures to bring to an end actions by any party or government in using, and providing for use, chemical agents or toxin weapons against the peoples of Laos, Kampuchea, and Afghanistan, in violation of the spirit and the provisions of

(1) the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (done at Washington, London, and Moscow on April 10, 1972); 15

(2) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (signed at Geneva on June 17, 1925); 15

and

(3) customary international law.

(c) It is further the sense of Congress that the President should

(1) allocate the highest possible priority to the development of further evidence clarifying the nature and origins of the chemical agents and toxin weapons being used against the peoples of Laos, Kampuchea, and Afghanistan; and

(2) vigorously seek a satisfactory explanation from the Government of the Soviet Union regarding the strong circumstantial and presumptive evidence of its role in the use, or provision for use, of such weapons.

(d) The Congress reiterates the concern expressed in House Resolution 644 (96th Congress), adopted by the House of Representatives on May 19, 1980, regarding the outbreak of pulmonary anthrax near Sverdlosk on April 3, 1979, and expresses its disappointment that the Soviet Union has failed adequately to respond to requests for data explaining this incident as provided in the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction.

15 For text, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1988, vol. V, sec. F.