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(b) By new appointments of candidates who have passed a satisfactory examination for appoin ment as consul as hereafter provided.

3. Persons in the service of the Department of State with salaries of two thousand dollars or upward shall be eligible for promotion, on the basis of ability and efficiency as shown in the service, to an grade of the consular service above class 8 of consuls,

4. The Secretary of State, or such officer of the Department of State as the President shall designate the Director of the Consular Service,* the Chief of the Consular Bureau,* and the Chief Examiner o the Civil Service Commission, or some person whom said Commission shall designate, shall constitut a board of examiners for admission to the consular service.

5. It shall be the duty of the Board of Examiners to formulate rules for and hold examination of applicants for admission to the consular service.

6. The scope and method of the examinations shall be determined by the Board of Examiners, bu among the subjects shall be included at least one modern language other than English; the natural industrial, and commercial resources and the commerce of the United States, especially with referenc to the possibilities of increasing and extending the trade of the United States with foreign countries political economy; elements of international, commercial, and maritime law.

7. Examination papers shall be rated on a scale of 100, and no person rated at less than 80 shall be eligible for certification.

8. No one shall be examined who is under twenty-one or over fifty years of age, or who is not a citizen of the United States, or who is not of good character and habits, and physically and mentally qualified for the proper performance of consular work, or who has not been specially designated by the President for appointment to the consular service subject to examination.

9. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the eighth or ninth class of consuls which the President may deem it expedient to fill, the Secretary of State shall inform the Board of Examiners, who shall certify to him the list of those persons eligible for appointment, accompanying the certificate with a detailed report showing the qualifications, as revealed by examination, of the persons so certified. If it be desired to fill a vacancy in a consulate in a country in which the United States exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction, the Secretary of State shall so inform the Board of Examiners, who shall include in the list of names certified by it only such persons as have passed the examination provided for in this order, and who also have passed an examination in the fundamental principles of the common law, the rules of evidence, and the trial of civil and criminal cases. The list of names which the Board of Examiners shall certify shall be sent to the President for his information.

10. No promotion shall be made except for efficiency, as shown by the work that the officer has accomplished, the ability, promptness, and diligence displayed by him in the performance of all his official duties, his conduct, and his fitness for the consular service.

11.It shall be the duty of the Board of Examiners to formulate rules for and hold examinations of persons designated for appointment as consular assistant or as student interpreter, and of such persons designated for appointment as vice consul and consular agent, as shall desire to become eligible for promotion. The scope and method of such examination shall be determined by the Board of Examiners, but it shall include the same subjects hereinbefore prescribed for the examination of consuls. Any vice consul or consular agent now in the service, upon passing such an examination shall become eligible for promotion, as if appointed upon such examination.

12. In designations for appointment subject to examination and in appointments after examination, due regard will be had to the rule, that as between candidates of equal merit, appointments should be so made as to secure proportional representation of all the States and Territories in the consular service; and neither in the designation for examination or certification or appointment will the political affiliations of the candidate be considered.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

THE WHITE HOUSE, June 27th, 1906.

A person separated from a secretaryship in the Diplomatic Service without delinquency or misconduct at his own request in writing may, within a period of one year from the date of such separation, be reinstated in the grade from which he was separated, provided he shall have been

* As amended by Executive order of December 8, 1909.

† As amended by Executive order of December 12, 1906.

↑ As amended by the Act approved May 21, 1908.

riginally appointed after the prescribed examination for that grade. In the event, however, that sich separation shall be for the purpose of undertaking other work under the Department of State, the limitation of one year for eligibility for reinstatement shall not hold. This rule shall be applicable a regards reinstatements to the consular service and also to the Department of State when transfers hall have been to another branch of the foreign service.-From Executive order of November 26, 1909.

No officer or employee of the Government shall, directly or indirectly, instruct or be concerned any manner in the instruction of any person or classes of persons, with a view to their special preparabon for the examinations of the Boards of Examiners for the diplomatic and consular services. The fact that any officer or employee is found so engaged shall be considered sufficient cause for s removal from the service.

THE WHITE HOUSE, December 23, 1910.

WM. H. TAFT.

REGULATIONS GOVERNING EXAMINATIONS FOR THE CONSULAR SERVICE PROMULGATED BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS DECEMBER 13, 1906.

1. The examinations will be the same for all grades and will be to determine a candidate's eligiFlity for appointment in the consular service, irrespective of the grade for which he may have been designated for examination and without regard to any particular office for which he may be selected. 2. The examinations will consist of an oral and a written one, the two counting equally. The bject of the oral examination will be to determine the candidate's business ability, alertness, general Contemporary information, and natural fitness for the service, including moral, mental, and physical califications, character, address, and general education and good command of English. In this part the examination the applications previously filed will be given due weight by the Board of Examiners, especially as evidence of the applicant's business experience and ability. The written examination Fill include those subjects mentioned in the Executive order, to wit, at least one modern language ther than English-French, German, or Spanish;* the natural, industrial, and commercial resources and the commerce of the United States, especially with reference to possibilities of increasing and extending the foreign trade of the United States; political economy, and the elements of international, ommercial, and maritime law. It will likewise include American history, government, and institu tions; political and commercial geography; arithmetic (as used in commercial statistics, tariff calculations, exchange, accounts, etc.); the modern history, since 1850, of Europe, Latin America, and the Far East, with particular attention to political, commercial, and economic tendencies. In the written examination, composition, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and writing will be given attention.

3. To become eligible for appointment, except as student interpreter, in a country where the United States exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction, the applicant must pass the examination outlined above, but supplemented by questions to determine his knowledge of the fundamental principles of common law, the rules of evidence, and the trial of civil and criminal cases.

4. The examinations to be given candidates for appointment as student interpreters will follow the Same course as in the case of other consular officers, provided, however, that no one will be examined for admission to the consular service as a student interpreter who is not between the ages of nineteen and twenty-six, inclusive, and unmarried; and, provided further, that upon appointment each student interpreter shall sign an agreement to continue in the service so long as his services may be required, within a period of five † years.

5. Upon the conclusion of the examinations the names of the candidates who shall have attained upon the whole examination an average mark of at least eighty, as required by the Executive order, will be certified by the Board to the Secretary of State as eligible for appointment in the consular service, and the successful candidates will be informed that this has been done.

*As amended by the Board of Examiners February 18, 1911.

† As amended by the Act approved May 21, 1908.

6. The names of candidates will remain on the eligible list for two years, except in the case o such candidates as shall within that period be appointed, or as shall withdraw their names, and o candidates holding subordinate positions in the consular service, when eligibility shall not expir until apointment to consular rank or until separation from the service. Candidates whose name have thus been dropped from the eligible list will not again be eligible for appointment unles upon fresh application, designation anew for examination, and the successful passing of such second examination.*

INFORMATION FOR APPLICANTS DESIRING APPOINTMENT IN THE CONSULAR SERVICE.

Consular-service examinations are held usually once a year, in Washington only.

The lette

No one may be examined who is not especially designated to take the examination. of designation furnishes all information necessary as to date, place, etc., of the examination. Travel ing and other personal expenses connected with the taking of examinations must be borne by the candidates.

A general notice of examinations is announced through the public press. Notice is not sent to all applicants, but only to those designated for examination.

Blank forms of application for appointment may be had upon application to the Department of State.

Although designations for examination are made by the President, applications for appointment should be addressed to the Secretary of State.

An application is considered as pending for a period of two years. After such period has elapsed without its being acted upon, another application with indorsements will be necessary to obtain further consideration.

Applicants for appointment, in their correspondence with the Department, should always sign their names as given in their applications, without enlargement or contraction.

Originals of all indorsements listed in the application must be filed therewith, copies thereof not being acceptable. Indorsements may not be withdrawn while a person remains an applicant, or while he is an officer or employee of the Department of State.

A candidate is not designated for examination with a view to his assignment to a particular post or a particular part of the world, but in order to determine his eligibility for appointment to class eight or nine. A consul may be assigned to any post where, in the judgment of the Department, his services would best serve the public interests.

The Government does not maintain a school for the training of candidates for the foreign service; does not recommend any particular institution; does not suggest a list of books to be studied, nor furnish a course of study in any school.

No special training is accepted in lieu of the prescribed examination, and no transfers, without examination, are made to the consular service from other branches of the Government service. The successful passing of the regular entrance examination, except as provided for in regulations 2 and 3 of the Executive order of June 27, 1906, is necessary for appointment.

The Department publishes no list of vacant posts and is not able definitely to forecast when vacancies in the service may occur.

Clerks in consular offices, vice consuls, and consular agents are appointed without examination, but are only eligible for appointment to the grade of consul upon the passing of the regular entrance examination.

Appointments to the consular service are made only after a rigid physical examination of the

candidate.

It is not the practice of the Department to designate for examination vice consuls, clerks in consulates, or consular agents until they have served at least two years.

The written language examinations include papers in French, German, and Spanish only, and no other language will be accepted in lieu of one of these. An oral examination is also given the candidate, in the language selected by him in his written examination, to test his ability to converse in that language. He may also present in his oral examination any other languages with which he may

be familiar.

*As amended by the Board of Examiners October 25, 1911.

Dependent upon the number of candidates, the examinations last from three to six days. The itten part of the examination covers a period of two days of six hours each. The first four subjects will be given on the first day, and the remaining subjects on the day following, probably in the order presented in the sample examination.

GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING CONSULAR OFFICERS.

DUTIES OF CONSULAR officers.

Consular officers are expected to endeavor to maintain and promote all the rightful interests of American citizens, and to protect them in all privileges provided for by treaty or conceded by usage; to visa and, when so authorized, to issue passports; when permitted by treaty, law, or usage, to take harge of and settle the personal estates of Americans who may die abroad without legal or other representatives, and remit the proceeds to the Treasury in case they are not called for by a legal representave within one year; to ship, discharge, and, under certain conditions, maintain and send American Stamen to the United States; to settle disputes between masters and seamen of American vessels; to inestigate charges of mutiny or insubordination on the high seas and send mutineers to the United States ir trial; to render assistance in the case of wrecked or stranded American vessels, and, in the absence the master or other qualified person, take charge of the wrecks and cargoes if permitted to do so by he laws of the country; to receive the papers of American vessels arriving at foreign ports and deliver hem after the discharge of the obligations of the vessels toward the members of their crews, and upon ze production of clearances from the proper foreign port officials; to certify to the correctness of the dluation of merchandise exported to the United States where the shipment amounts to more than to act as official witnesses to marriages of American citizens abroad; to aid in the enforcement of he immigration laws, and to certify to the correctness of the certificates issued by Chinese and other Ecials to Chinese persons coming to the United States; to protect the health of our seaports by reportweekly the sanitary and health conditions of the ports at which they reside, and by issuing to vessels tearing for the United States bills of health describing the condition of the ports, the vessels, crews, assengers, and cargoes; and to take depositions and perform other acts which notaries public in the Cited States are authorized or required to perform. A duty of prime importance is the promotion of American commerce by reporting available opportunities for the introduction of our products, aiding the establishment of relations between American and foreign commercial houses, and lending assistace wherever practicable to the marketing of American merchandise abroad.

In addition to the foregoing duties, consular officers in China, Turkey, Siam, Morocco, and a few ther so-called non-Christian countries, are invested with judicial powers over American citizens in those countries. These powers are usually defined by treaty, but generally include the trial of civil tases to which Americans are parties, and in some instances extend to the trial of criminal cases.

VICE CONSUlar officers.

The office of vice consul is a subordinate office except during the absence from duty of the prinipal officer at the post, in which case the vice consulship becomes temporarily a substitute office. ice consuls exercise and perform the duties of the consular offices to which they are attached, as stipdated in the Consular Regulations and laws of the United States, including the duties heretofore perrmed by deputy consular officers. These duties will be performed under the direction of the principal consular officer when he is at his post of duty, and when he is absent the vice consul will assume fell charge of the office under his bond. But a vice consul may be detailed by the Department for tity at a post in the district different from that at which the principal officer is stationed when the public interests so require.

In the case of offices to which it is necessary to assign more than one vice consul, the Department determines the relative rank of the vice consuls so assigned and designates which one of them shall ake charge of the office in the absence of the principal officer.

Vice consuls receive no compensation as such when the principal officer is at his post of duty, but Then the principal officer is temporarily absent or relieved from duty, the vice consul lawfully authorized assume charge of the consular office shall be entitled to receive in addition to any salary or compen

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sation due him as a subordinate officer or employee an amount sufficient to make his compensatio for the period he may be in charge of the office equal to fifty per centum of the salary of the princip officer for the period. In case no such officer shall at the time be so assigned, the additional compe sation shall be computed on the basis of the salary of the principal officer last assigned to the post. vice consul who receives no compensation as a subordinate officer or employee is entitled to compensatio equal to fifty per centum of the salary of the principal officer assigned to the post for the period duri which the vice consul shall be temporarily in charge of the post during the absence of the principal.

CONSULAR AGENTS.

A consular agent is an officer subordinate to a consul general or consul, exercising similar powe at a place different from that at which the consulate general or consulate is situated. He acts under th direction of his principal, and one-half of the fees collected by him constitute his compensation, whic may not exceed $1,000 in any one year. Consular agents pay the rent of their offices, the Governmen furnishing them with forms, record books, stationery, etc., for official use. A consular agent ma engage in private business in the country of his official residence.

CONSULAR ASSISTANTS.

There are forty consular assistants, who are appointed by the President and hold office during goo behavior. They may be assigned, from time to time, to such consular offices and with such duties a the Secretary of State may direct. When so assigned they are subordinate to the principal officer a the post, and perform such clerical or other duties of the office as he may designate. They receive salary of $1,000 a year for the first three years, and thereafter $200 a year additional each succeedin year until a maximum of $1,800 is reached. Candidates for the office of consular assistant must b over twenty-one years of age. Consular assistants are eligible for promotion to the grade of consu without further examination.

CLERKS IN CONSULAR OFFICES.

Clerks are employed at the various consular offices and receive compensation varying, as a rule from $300 to $1,500 a year, beginning with their arrival and entrance upon duty at the consular office Their duties embrace bookkeeping, letter writing, recording correspondence, and routine consula work. It is usually required that they be stenographers and typewriters and possess a knowledge o the language of the country where they are employed. They are frequently appointed upon nomi nation of a consul general or consul, but the Department of State exercises its right to make independen appointments whenever that course appears to be in the interest of the service. American citizen: only under fifty years of age are appointed to clerkships.

For such appointments no examination is required, but to become eligible for promotion to the grade of student interpreter, consular assistant, or consul a clerk in a consular office must pass the pre scribed entrance examination.

Applications for clerical appointments should be filed with the Department of State.

STUDENT INTERPRETERS.

Provision is made for ten student interpreters at the legation to China, six at the embassy to Japan and ten at the embassy to Turkey. These officers receive annual salaries of $1,000 and allowances for tuition of $180 each in China and $125 each in Japan and Turkey, and are required to study the language of the country with a view of supplying interpreters to the American diplomatic and consular offices in China, Japan, and Turkey. Upon receiving an appointment each student interpreter is required to sign an agreement to continue in the service as interpreter to the legations and consulates so long as his services may be required within a period of five years. After acquiring the language of the country, they may be assigned to duty in diplomatic or consular offices, and are eligible to promotion to the office of interpreter and to that of consul of class 8 or 9.

MARSHALS FOR CONSULAR COURTS.

Marshals are provided for certain of the consular courts in China and at Constantinople, Turkey, where the American consuls are invested with judicial powers over American citizens. It is the duty of marshals to execute all process issued by the ambassador or minister of the United States, or by the

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