traveling on leave of absence. They are also allowed compensation at the rate of their salary for the time spent in transit within a maximum period fixed for the post.

When a secretary of embassy or legation acts as chargé d'affaires ad interim he is allowed, in addition to his salary as secretary, the difference between such salary and 50 per centum of the salary of the chief of the mission.

The statutory leave of absence granted to diplomatic officers annually is sixty days, but it rests with the Department to determine whether the leave may be granted. When leave of absence with permission to visit the United States is granted, the transit time, within a maximum period allowed, is not counted as part of the sixty days.

INFORMATION REGARDING CLERICAL APPOINTMENTS IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE.

Clerks are employed at the various diplomatic missions and receive compensation varying, as a rule, from $1,000 to $1,800 a year. Their duties embrace bookkeeping, letter writing, recording correspondence, and routine chancery work. It is usually required that clerks be stenographers and typewriters and possess a knowledge of the language of the country where they are employed. Under the law American citizens only may be appointed to clerkships in American diplomatic missions.

No formal examination is required for appointment to a clerkship: the department, however, reserves the right to examine an applicant in any particular it may deem advisable. To become eligible for promotion to the grade of secretary of embassy or legation a clerk in a diplomatic mission must pass the prescribed entrance examination.

Applications for clerical appointments should be addressed to the Secretary of State, and the blank form used may be obtained from the Department of State.

SAMPLE EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE.

The following questions are furnished as suggestive of the character of those comprised in the examination-for the taking of which two days of six hours each are allowed:

SUBJECT-INTERNATIONAL LAW.

1. (a) State the origin and nature of international law and indicate the chief factors in its modern development.

(b) What is the status of international law in American jurisprudence; i. e., is it regarded as a branch of municipal law or is it considered a foreign system?

(c) State some of the leading writers in international law, enumerate some textbooks on the subject, and state what books you would refer to if a question of international law arose with which you are unfamiliar.

2. (a) Upon the execution of Louis XVI, the British Government refused to receive the French diplomatic agent and sent him his passports. Was the action of the British Government correct?

(b) Napoleon III began a suit in the Supreme Court of the United States. Upon his dethronement and the establishment of the French Republic on September 3, 1870, it was contended that the suit abated by reason of the deposition of the Emperor Napoleon. What, in your opinion, should be the holding on this point?

(c) Cotton owned by the Confederate States was shipped to their agents in Liverpool, who paid the expenses of transportation, took possession of the cotton, stored it in warehouses, and guarded it at considerable expense. Upon the fall of the Confederacy the United States filed a bill, praying to have the cotton delivered to a duly constituted agent of the United States. The agents of the Confederacy seek to enforce a lien on the cotton for their expenses. How, in your opinion, should the court decide?

3. (a) A local statute forbids fishing within the three-mile limit without a license and forbids, under penalty of confiscation of the vessel, all fishing on Sunday. The sloop Venturesome began fishing Sunday morning beyond the three-mile limit, but after the nets had been laid and the fish surrounded the Venturesome drifted within the three-mile limit and was apprehended while taking the fish from

the nets placed beyond the three-mile limit, but which had drifted within the limit. Upon suit brough for confiscation of the vessel, what, in your opinion, would be the holding of the court?

(b) Suppose the vessel had begun fishing within the three-mile limit, and noticing the approach of a revenue cutter put to sea. The cutter followed, captured the Venturesome upon the high seas brought it to port, and began condemnation proceedings. What, in your opinion, should be the holding of the court?

4. (a) A diplomatic agent, driving his automobile at a rate of speed forbidden by law, runs ove and seriously injures a passer-by. The chauffeur is notified by the police to go with him to the police station but refuses. The policeman thereupon arrests him, the diplomatic agent protesting that h must be driven at once to the State Department on important business for his Government. If con sulted, what would you advise the diplomatic agent and the chauffeur as to their rights and dutie in the premises.

(b) A diplomatic agent leases a house for the period of two years at an annual rental of five thousand dollars, payable monthly. The agent pays rent for the first three months, but thereafter neglects to pay the rent when due. At the expiration of a year the owner of the house seeks to evict the diplomat and files an action to recover the rent due and damages for the breach of the lease. What, in your opinion, should be the result? Would it make any difference in your answer if instead of a diplomat the tenant was a consul-general?

5. (a) The late President Castro proceeded to La Guaira upon a French merchant ship. Upon his arrival in La Guaira the Venezuelan authorities came aboard and demanded Castro, but the captain refused to deliver him. The Venezuelan authorities thereupon withdrew, and the captain, fearing that force would be used, transferred Castro to a French man-of-war lying in the harbor. Upon demand made upon the man-of-war to surrender Castro and refusal, a land battery opened fire upon the manof-war. Discuss and distinguish the two situations.

(b) During the recent revolution in Constantinople one X, a member of the late Turkish Cabinet, applied to the American embassy for admission and was admitted. One Y, a member of the recent Government, indicted for the misappropriation of funds, secretly entered the American embassy. Z, an opponent of the revolution, pursued by a mob, seeks refuge in the American embassy. What should be the action of the American embassy in each of these cases?

Would it make any difference, in your opinion, if the events described had taken place in Paris upon the overthrow of Napoleon III or in Brazil upon the expulsion of Dom Pedro?

6. A Japanese army crosses the boundary between Korea and China at 1.30 a. m., on May 15, 19—. News of the invasion of China by Japanese forces does not reach Manila until May 17, 19—. On May 16, without any knowledge of the state of affairs created by the invasion of China, X, Y & Z, an American firm, shipped on board an American steamer a cargo of arms and ammunition, destined to a Chinese port, in fulfillment of a contract previously entered into. The vessel is captured by a Japanese cruiser on the ground that war existed between China and Japan. X, Y & Z asked the good offices of the American embassy at Tokyo to secure the release of the cargo on the ground that there was no declaration of war and the American shippers did not and could not know at the date of the shipment of the hostile relation between Japan and China. What advice would you give to the representative of X, Y & Z?

7. Discuss the effect of war upon trade; upon executory and executed contracts.

8. (a) Define contraband, state its divisions, and the penalty for its carriage if captured.

(b) Define blockade and note the conditions under which a declaration is valid as binding upon neutrals.

9. State the requirements of a valid capture of (a) enemy and (b) neutral property upon the high State when title passes to captor in each case and the formalities requisite to give a perfect title to captured property.

seas.

10. (a) Enumerate some of the more important recent international conferences and state some of their most important results.

(b) Explain the distinction between "good offices," "mediation," and "arbitration." Cite some American instances of arbitration, and explain the attitude of the United States toward arbitration.

(c) Give the general arbitration clause and explain why "independence, vital interests, and honor" are excluded from the obligation of arbitration provided for by recent treaties.

SUBJECT-DIPLOMATIC USAGE.

1. What official relations, if any, does a secretary of legation have with the Government of the Country in which he resides?

2. Give your understanding of the difference between a chargé d'affaires, a charge d'affaires ad interim, and a chargé des affaires.

3. A secretary of legation being in charge of the legation at the time of the arrival of a new minister, that part would the secretary of legation be called upon to take in the preliminaries preceding the minister's official reception?

4. The immunity from the criminal and civil jurisdiction of the country of his sojourn, which the Eplomatic representative possesses, is also accorded to the secretary of the legation. On what ground? 5. What is the procedure in the case of an international convention to which a large number of Governments are signatory?

SUBJECT-MODERN LANGUAGES.

Make a close translation of one (and only one) of the following into idiomatic English: AMBASSADE DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE, FRANÇAISE AUX ETATS-UNIS, Washington, le 15, Mai 1902.

MONSIEUR LE PRÉSIDENT:

J'ai reçu de mon Gouvernement le télégramme suivant:

"Le Président et le Gouvernement de la République française profondément émus de la sympathie que le Président, le Gouvernement, le Congrès et la Nation des Etats-Unis témoignent aux victimes de la catastrophe de la Martinique, vous chargent d'être auprès d'eux l'interprète de la reconnaissance qu'éprouve la Nation française toute entière pour cette généreuse assistance dont le souvenir demeurera impérissable."

En vous apportant l'expression des remerciments de M. le Président de la République et du Gouvernement français, je ne saurais vous dire assez, Monsieur le Président, combien je suis sensible à l'honneur d'être leur interprète auprès de vous.

Les sentiments traditionnels d'amitié, qui unissent les Etats-Unis à la France, ne se sont jamais manifestés avec plus d'eclat, mais, en montrant qu'il existe entre les nations comme entre les particuliers, des liens d'humanité et de pitié vous avez donné au monde civilisé un exemple qui restera dans la mémoire des hommes.

tion.

Agréez, je voue prie, Monsieur le Président, les assurances de ma haute et respectueuse considéra

MONSIEUR LE PRÉSIDENT DES ETATS-UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE.

HERR STAATSSEKRETÄR:

JULES CAMBON.

KAISERLICH DEUTSCHE BOTSCHAFT,
Washington, den 5 Juni 1902.

Emil Heiden-Heimer, Hopfenhandlung in Mainz, hatte an den in Monterey (Mexico) verstorbenen William Bischoff, Direktor der Cerveceria Cuanhtemoc daselbst, eine Darlehnsforderung von 300 Mark.

Herr Heiden-Heimer hat sich dieserhalb an den Kaiserlichen Vicekonsul in Monterey gewendet, welcher ihm unter dem 30 April d. J. mitgetheilt hat, dass der Generalkonsul der Vereinigten Staaten in Monterey erklärt habe, er könne nur die in Mexico kontrahirten Verbindlichkeiten des Verstorbenen decken, den danach verbleibenden Rest des Nachlasses werde er in den ersten Tagen des Mai d. J. an das Schatzamt der Vereinigten Staaten in Washington abführen. Die gedachte Schuldforderung sei desshalb durch die Behörden der Vereinigten Staaten geltend zu machen.

Auf den Antrag des Herrn Heiden-Heimer beehre ich mich Eurer Excellenz gefällige Vermittelung dafür ergebenst in Anspruch zu nehmen dass, die Forderung desselben von 300 Mark bei Regelung des Bischoff'schen Nachlasses berücksichtigt werde.

Idem ich einen bezüglichen Rechnungsauszug hier beifüge, benutze ich auch diesen Anlass, um Eurer Excellenz die Versicherung meiner ausgezeichnetsten Hochachtung zu erneuern.

HOLLEBEN.

EL EMBAJADOR DE FRANCIA

AL PRESIDENTE DEL CONSEJO DE MINISTROS,

MINISTRO DE ESTADO.

MADRID, 16 de Febrero de 1900.

SR. PRESIDENTE:

El Ministro de Negocios Extranjeros de la República, á quien comuniqué la adhesion del Gobiern de S. M. á nuestra proposición de reanudar en Paris las negociaciones relativas á la delimitación de le territorios discutidos entre nuestros dos países en el Golfo de Guinea, me encarga manifieste á V. E. qu está dispuesto por su parte á continuar inmediatamente esta negociación, poniéndose de acuerdo, al efecto con el Sr. León y Castillo.

A su juicio, el Embajador de S. M. podría estar asistido, como él lo estará, por uno ó dos Delegados á quienes incumbiría la preparación de las soluciones sobre las cuales habría luego que ponerse de acuerdo Monsieur Delcassé está dispuesto á confiar este trabajo á un Agente de su Departamento, en unión d un funcionario de la Administración de las Colonias. V. E. apreciará si le es posible confiar igual encarg á uno de los miembros de la Embajada española en Paris y á un Delegado técnico para que exista igualdad en la representacion de los dos países.

Por lo que respecta á las negociaciones en si mismas, el Ministro de Negocios Extranjeros de la República estima como V. E. que es preferible volver lo menos posible al examen de los títulos invocado: por una y otra parte, ya que el estudio de que han sido objeto y la facultad de referirse á esta primera parte de los trabajos permiten reducir al mínimum esta especie de información previa.

Make an idiomatic translation of the following into the language chosen by you above.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, August 12, 1900.

The Government of the United States learns with satisfaction of the appointment of Earl Li Hung Chang as envoy plenipotentiary to conduct negotiations with the powers, and will, on its part, enter upon such negotiations with a desire to continue the friendly relations so long existing between the two countries.

It is evident that there can be no general negotiation between China and the powers so long as the ministers of the powers and the persons under their protection remain in their present position of restraint and danger, and that the powers can not cease their efforts for the delivery of these representatives, to which they are constrained by the highest considerations of national honor, except under an arrangement adequate to accomplish a peaceable deliverance.

We are ready to enter into an agreement between the powers and the Chinese Government for a cessation of hostile demonstrations, on condition that a sufficient body of the forces composing the relief expedition shall be permitted to enter Peking unmolested and to escort the foreign ministers and residents back to Tientsin; this movement being provided for and secured by such arrangements and dispositions of troops as shall be considered satisfactory by the generals commanding the forces composing the relief expedition.

SUBJECT-NATURAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND COMMERCIAL RESOURCES AND COMMERCE OF THE UNITED

STATES.

1. In connection with the conservation of the natural resources of the United States, discuss one, and only one, of the following:

(a) Our forests.

(b) Our water supply (rivers and streams).

2. Name five important groups of manufacturing industries in the United States, and two States leading in each.

3. Name, in the order of their relative importance, two principal classes of articles of export from the United States to

(a) China.

(b) Australia.

(c) Canada.

(d) Argentina.

(e) Russia.

4. (a) To what cause or causes do you attribute the present high cost of meats in the United States? (b) Name the two principal centers of the meat-packing industry. Name the two principal cattle-raising States.

SUBJECT-AMERICAN HISTORY, GOVERNMENT, AND INSTITUTIONS.

1. How, when, and from whom was (a) the contiguous territory of the United States acquired; "the noncontiguous territory?

2. (a) By what treaty was the war of 1812 with Great Britain terminated?

(b) When was that treaty signed and when was it ratified?

(c) What important battle was fought after the treaty was signed, and by whom were the opposing forces in that battle commanded?

3. How is the President of the United States chosen, and what are the constitutional requireTents for eligibility to the office?

4. Name the executive departments of the Federal Government, and state the principal functions of each.

5. Where in the American Government is the treaty-making power vested?

SUBJECT-MODERN HISTORY (SINCE 1850) OF EUROPE, SOUTH AMERICA, AND THE FAR EAST.

1. Briefly describe the features which have been noticeable in the government and development South American republics.

2. With what countries and events do you associate the following: Alexander II; Bismarck; Marquis Ito; Dom Pedro; Cecil Rhodes; Thiers; Garibaldi; Maximilian?

3. Briefly describe the form of government of the German Empire.

4. What causes led up to the Russo-Japanese War and what were its results?

XXI. REGULATIONS GOVERNING APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS IN THE CONSULAR SERVICE.

EXECUTIVE ORDERS.

Whereas, The Congress, by Section 1753 of the Revised Statutes of the United States has provided as follows:

"The President is authorized to prescribe such regulations for the admission of persons into the civil service of the United States as may best promote the efficiency thereof, and ascertain the fitness of uch candidate in respect to age, health, character, knowledge, and ability for the branch of service into which he seeks to enter; and for this purpose he may employ suitable persons to conduct such inquiries, and may prescribe their duties, and establish regulations for the conduct of persons who may receive appointments in the civil service."

And, whereas, the Congress has classified and graded the consuls-general and consuls of the United States by the act entitled “An act to provide for the reorganization of the consular service of the United States," approved April 5, 1906, and has thereby made it practicable to extend to that branch of the civil service the aforesaid provisions of the Revised Statutes and the principles embodied in the Civil Service Act of January 16, 1883.

Now, therefore, in the exercise of the powers conferred upon him by the Constitution and laws of the United States, the President makes the following regulations to govern the selection of consulsgeneral and consuls in the civil service of the United States, subject always to the advice and consent of the Senate:

1. Vacancies in the office of consul-general and in the office of consul above class 8 shall be filled by promotion from the lower grades of the consular service, based upon ability and efficiency as shown in the service.

2. Vacancies in the office of consul of class 8 and of consul of class 9 shall be filled:

(a)* By promotion on the basis of ability and efficiency as shown in the service, of consular assistants and of vice-consuls, consular agents, student interpreters and interpreters in the consular or diplomatic service, who shall have been appointed to such offices upon examination.

*As amended by Executive orders of December 12, 1906, and April 20, 1907.

† As amended by the Act approved May 21, 1908.