MORPHIA. CH,,NO,(H,O). — Short, transparent, trimetric 19 prisms. Anhydrous at 120°.-136, 138, 141. NARCEINA. CH,,NO,.-Colorless. delicate needles. Fusible.136, 137, 138, 139. NARCOTINA. C,,H,,NO,.-Colorless, rhombic prisms. Fusible. -136, 138, 139. 66 4 21 OPIANIA. CH,,N,O,,.-Right rhombic prisms.—138, 139. PAPAVERINA. CH, NO-Colorless, acicular crystals.-136, 138. 20 21 PAYTINA. CH,,N,O.-Colorless crystals. 15 PHYSOSTIGMIA. C,,H,,N,O,.- Amorphous, brownish-yellow; solutions, red to blue.-136, 140. 12 14 PICROTOXIN. C,,,,,.-Needles; stellate; laminæ. Reduces cupric hydrate.-137. PIPERIN. C,,H,,NO,.-Colorless, monoclinic prisms. Melts at 100° C.-136, 138. PSEUDOMORPHIA. C,,H,NO,.-Fine, lustrous crystals.-136, 138, 141. 17 QUINIA. CH,,N,O,.-Hydrate, in fine needles. Solutions, blue-fluorescent.-136, 140. 24 2 QUINIDIA. CH,,N,O,.-Transparent, monoclinic prisms, efflorescent.-136, 140. RHEADIA. CH,,NO,.-Small, white prisms. Melts at 232° C. -Purple-red with acids. SABADILLIA. CH,,N,O,.-Cubic crystals (Needles ?). Reacts 20 26 with sulph. acid like Veratria (136) 135, e. 13 18 SALICIN. CH,,O,.-Tabular or scaly crystals. - Melts at 120° C. A Glucoside.-136. SAPONIN. CHO1-Amorphous. Aromatic odor, sweet taste, burning after-taste. A Glucoside. 43 69 16 SOLANIA. CH,,NO,,-Silky needles; right, four-sided prisms. A Glucoside.-136, 138. 22 24 STRYCHNIA. C,H,,N,O,.-Four-sided prisms, trimetric, white. Fusible.-136, 137. 19 21 THEBAINA. C,,H,,NO,.-Thin, square tablets of silvery lustre. Fusible.-136, 138. THEOBROMINA. C,H.NO,.-Microscopic, trimetric crystals, in club-shaped groups. 136, 140. VERATRIA. C,,H,,N,O..-White or greenish-white crystallized 32 powder. Warmed with HCl, violet.-136. 133. Solubilities of the Alkaloids.-In alcohol they are generally freely soluble, the following being the only important exceptions and notices to be made: Caffeina in 30 parts strong alcohol. Morphia-in 30 parts boiling or 50 parts cold absolute; in a somewhat smaller quantity of 90 p. c. alcohol. Narceina-easily in hot, in 950 parts cold 85 p. c. alcohol. Solania-in 150 parts hot or 500 parts cold alcohol. of 95 p. c., 125 parts of 90 p. c., 130 parts cold or 15 Theobromina-in 50 parts hot or 1500 cold alcohol. The solubilities given for ether in the table refer to ether nearly or quite free from alcohol. Benzole (of coal-tar), as used below, distils at 60° to 80° C. (140° to 176° F.), leaving no residue. Amylic alcohol dissolves 0.1568 part of Codeina, 0.0026 part of Morphia, 0.0032 part of Narcotina, 0.0130 part of Papaverina, and 0.0167 part of Thebaina (KUBLY). Ether dissolves from acid solutions—Colchicin, Digitalin, Picrotoxin-in general not the (other) alkaloids. Petroleum Naphtha, as used below, distils at from 40° to 60° C. (104° to 140° F.), leaving no residue. Amylic Alcohol should be strictly free from ethylic alcohol. The acid used with chloroform, benzole, etc., is sulphuric acid, added just to an acid reaction, and forming sulphates of the alkaloids. Glucosides have the termination N. The refers to explanation given below for the alkaloids, alphabetically. Conia-less soluble in hot water than cold (distinction from Nicotia). Morphia-nearly insoluble in water at 10° C., soluble in traces at 20° C. Narceina -soluble in 375 pts. water at 14° C. Sparingly soluble in ether, when both nascent and amorphous. Narcotina-soluble in 25000 pts. cold water. Soluble in cold Acetic acid. Soluble in 50 pts. of boiling ether. Nicotia-soluble alike in cold or hot water. * Quinia-wter solubility in the table at 15° C.; at 20° C., 1650 parts; at 100° C., 1900 parts. It requires about 50 parts absolute ether for solution. Of the alkalies, least soluble in soda solution; dissolving in 2200 parts lime-water. * Strychnia in absolute ether, insoluble; in ether of spec. grav. 0.725, soluble in 1800 parts; in ether of spec. grav. 0.750, in 1200 parts. According to Wormley, soluble in 1400 parts of absolute ether. 134. Separation of Alkaloids from (solid) Albumenoid, Fatty, and Extractive Matters.—(1) The alkaloids are dissolved out, as salts (tartrates, sulphates, or acetates) by alcohol, at a gentle heat; the filtered solution is evaporated to dryness, and the residue dissolved as before, etc. For removal from Fats, the residue is dissolved in slightly acidulated water; the (filtered) solution evaporated and the solution repeated, etc.— The residue, in which the alkaloid is a salt, is washed with ether, as long as the ether removes anything (Orro's modification, 1856). The washed residue is treated with alkali, in presence of ether, which dissolves the nascent alkaloid. The residue from the ether solution is, if necessary, purified by extraction with alcohol, or acidulated water, or each, as required (STAS' method, 1851). Also, this method is adapted for volatile as well as fixed alkaloids. [The extraction with ether may be followed by use of chloroform.] (2) A somewhat more simple method upon the same principle, for non-volatile alkaloids only, with use of chloroform instead of ether, and with carbonization by sulphuric acid (RODGERS and GIRDWOOD, 1856). Designed, by its authors, for strychnia only; but applicable for all alkaloids soluble in chloroform and not decomposed by concentrated sulphuric acid at 100° C. (3) The use of amylic alcohol (as in Otto's and Stas' method) to wash the acid solution of alkaloids clean of all matters soluble in amylic alcohol, and, after saturating with alkali, dissolving the alkaloid in the same solvent. Then, the amylic-alcohol-solution of alkaloids is washed with acidulated water, whereby the alkaloids are removed from the former solvent and taken up by the water as salts. This is repeated until purification is complete. The method is applicable only to those alkaloids not soluble in amylic alcohol from acid-see Table, 133 (USLAR and ERDMANN, 1861). (4) The use of animal charcoal to withdraw an alkaloid (strychnia) from a solvent; after which the alkaloid is extracted |