Notwithstanding these obstacles, Wayne and his brave associates commenced the attack a little after nightfall of the sixteenth of July, with unloaded muskets and fixed bayonets, and notwithstanding the terrible fire of the enemy, the two columns which had taken the two routes above described, met in the centre of the fort. The British garrison was captured with a loss to the Americans of fifteen killed and eighty-three wounded, and to the British of sixty-three killed, and 543 taken prisoners, beside military stores to the value of nearly $160,000.

The subsequent attack upon Fort Fayette on Verplank's Point, was unsuccessful, and on this account a larger force than could be spared from the American army, being required to defend Stoney Po, it was abandoned, and soon after occupied by Sir Henry Clinton, who retained it during a considerable period.

In 1780, the trial and imprisonment of Andre took place in the village of Nyack, in this county. He was tried in the old Dutch. church, since torn down, and confined in the ancient stone mansion adjacent. His execut took place at a distance of about a quarter of a mile from the village, not far from the New Jersey line. He was buried near the place of his execution. In 1831, his remains were disinterred, by order of the Duke of York, under the superintendence of Mr. Buchanan, the English consul at New York, and transmitted to England.

Dobbs' Ferry, in this county, was also a place of considerable importance during the revolution. Washington's head quarters were for a time near this hamlet.

NEW CITY, in the town of Clarkstown, contains the courthouse, jail, and county offices. It is a mere hamlet.

Piermont, on the Hudson, in the town of Orangetown, is a village of recent growth, and is principally distinguished as the eastern terminus of the New York and Erie railroad. This route of travel is connected with the city of New York by a regular line of steamboats. A larger amount of milk is probably sent to New York from this port than from any other on the river. The steamboat pier is about one mile in length. The Palisades terminate here in a steep and precipitous bluff. Population, 1400.

Haverstraw, in the town of the same name, is a thriving village on the river, engaged in the coasting trade with New York. The fortress of Stoney Point was in the limits of this town.

Nyack, a village in Orangetown, is handsomely situated on Tappan bay, skirted by the Nyack hills on the west. Its celebrity as the place where Major Andre was executed, has been before noticed. Population, about 1000.

11. Augusta, 1798. 12. Deerfield, 1798. 13. Remsen, 1798. 14. Camden, 1799. 15. Vernon, 1802. 16. Verona, 1802.

17. Boonville, 1805.

18. Florence, 1805.

19. Vienna, 1807.
20. Lee, 1811.
21. Utica, 1817.
22. Marshall, 1819.
23. Annsville, 1823.
24. Kirkland, 1827.

25. New Hartford, 1827.

26. Marcy, 1832.

27. Ava, 1846.

Mountains. P. Highlands of Black River. i. Hassencleaver moun

tains.

Rivers and Creeks F. Mohawk river.

or Sauquoit creek. d. Lansing's.

a. Black. c. Saghdaquida, e. Wood. f. West Canada.

j. Oneida. k. Oriskany. s. Fish. t. West branch of Fish.

Falls. g. Trenton Falls.

Lakes. Z. Oneida.

Battle Fields. Fort Schuyler. Oriskany Creek.

Forts. Fort Stanwix. Fort Schuyler.

Colleges. Hamilton College, in Kirkland.

Cities and Villages. UTICA. ROME. WHITESBORO'.
Trenton Falls. Oriskany. Waterville.

Clinton.

BOUNDARIES. North by Lewis and Oswego counties; East by Herkimer; South by Madison and Otsego; and West by Madison and Oswego counties.

SURFACE. Oneida county has a diversified surface. The valley of Oneida Lake extends eastward nearly forty miles, through the centre of the county, and the streams which water the county so abundantly, flow for the most part, through broad and beautiful valleys. The Highlands of Black river rise to an elevation of about 800 feet, in the northeastern part of the county, and in the eastern section the Hassencleaver has an elevation of 1200 feet. In the southern part, a ridge of no great height divides the waters of the Mohawk from those of the Susquehanna.

RIVERS, &c. The Mohawk and Black rivers, Lansing's, Fish, Oriskany, Oneida, Saghdaquida, Wood and West Canada creeks, are the principal streams. Several of these furnish, by their rapid descent, valuable hydraulic power.

FALLS. Trenton Falls, on West Canada creek, are much celebrated for their picturesque beauty, and the wild and romantic scenery which surrounds them. The whole descent is 312 feet, and this is accomplished by six distinct falls, all within a distance of two miles.

LAKES. The Oneida Lake forms part of the western boundary of the county. Its shores are low and swampy. Its waters abound with excellent fish.

CANALS AND RAILROADS. The Erie canal passes through the central portion of the county. In its whole course through this and the adjacent county of Madison, there are no locks. The Oneida Lake canal connects the Erie canal with Oneida Lake; the Chenango canal extends from the Erie canal at Utica, to Binghamton, in Broome county; the Black river canal is designed to connect the Erie canal with Black river.

The Utica and Schenectady, and Syracuse and Utica railroads pass through this county.

CLIMATE. The climate is generally mild and quite uniform. The temperature is about an average of that of the state.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALS. From its extent and situation this county embraces a greater variety of geological formations than almost any other in the state The primary system occupies that portion of the county east of Black river. It consists principally of granite, and Black river and Trenton limestone. Bordering upon these we find the Utica slate and the Hudson river group of shales and sandstone. To these succeed the Oneida slate, which indeed is found in almost every part of the county; the Clinton and Lockport groups of limestone, rich in fossils; the Onondaga salt group, consisting here mainly of red and green shales; the Helderberg limestones; the Oriskany sandstone, forming the surface rock of the valleys of the Saghdaquida, Oriskany, Skenandoa and Oneida creeks; the Marcellus shales appearing at a few points in the extreme southern part of the county; and the Hamilton group of limestones.

Argillaceous iron ore, gypsum, water limestone peat, mari, calcareous war, coccolite, blende, or sulphuret of zinc, and tabular spar, are the principal minerals. There are numerous mineral springs, mostly sulphurous, in the county.

Soil and Vegetable ProductIONS. The soil is every where productive, and in the valleys possesses extraordinary fertility. The crops, both of grass and grain, are abundant, and the county ranks among the first in the state, in its agricultural products. Hops are very successfully and extensively cultivated. The timber of the county is principally maple, beech, birch, elm, black walnut, and basswood, with some oak, hemlock, and pine. Large quantities of sugar are manufactured from the maple.

PURSUITS. Agriculture is the pursuit of a majority of the inhabitants. Nearly equal attention is paid to the culture of grain and to the rearing of cattle, horses and sheep. Wheat is not produced in so large quantities as in some of the more western counties, but oats, corn, barley, hops and potatoes are largely cultivated. In 1845, nearly four millions of pounds of butter, and more than three millions of pounds of cheese were made in the county. The clip of wool was also very large.

Manufactures are also a prominent pursuit, being prosecuted to a greater extent than in any other county in the state, except Kings and New York. Cotton and woollen goods are largely manufactured. Flour, lumber, distilled liquors, leather and iron ware, are also produced in very considerable quantities. In 1845, the manufactures of the county amounted to nearly $4,000,000.

Commerce. The commercial relations of Oneida county are quite extensive. The Erie canal affords the means of transportation for its abundant produce; the Oneida lake canal opens a route to Lake Ontario; the Chenango canal brings the agricultural productions of the southern counties hither, on their way to tide water; and the completion of the Black river canal will also add largely to the commerce of the county.

STAPLE PRODUCTIONS. Butter, cheese, oats, barley, corn, hops, potatoes, wool and sugar.

SCHOOLS. There were in the county in 1846, 399 district school-houses, in which schools were taught an average period of eight months each. 23,735 children received instruction, at an expense for tuition of $29,063. The district libraries contained 23,983 volumes. There were also eighty-seven unincorporated select schools, with 912 scholars, ten academies and four female seminaries, with 624 pupils, and one college with nine professors and 126 students.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Roman Catholics, Friends, Universalists, Dutch Reformed and Unitarians. The total number of churches in 1845, was 160; of clergymen, 202.

HISTORY. This county was the home of the Oneida Indians, one of the bravest tribes of the Iroquois, and the only one which, during the revolution, maintained friendly relations with the United States.

During the French war (in 1758) forts were erected at Rome and at Utica; the former was called Fort Stanwix, the latter Fort Schuyler. Fort Stanwix, on the present site of Rome, was, from its situation at the portage between Wood creek and the Mohawk river, a post of considerable importance, and was fortified at an expense of more than $250,000. At the commencement of the revolution, however, it was very much dilapidated.

In 1766, Rev. Samuel Kirkland, a native of Connecticut, and a graduate of Princeton college, New Jersey, settled among the Oneidas, as a missionary. Through his influence they were restrained from engaging on the side of the British during the war of the revolution.