altitude during transit, and so filled as to provide adequate outage. All explosives or other dangerous articles shipped by air shall show the proper shipping name as shown in the commodity list of Part 72 of the ICC Regulations and any instructions that are necessary for safe handling.

(b) No shipper shall offer and no air carrier or other operator of aircraft shall knowingly accept explosives or dangerous articles for carriage

by air unless the shipper or his authorized agent has certified that the shipment complies with the requirements of this part. No shipment shall be accepted for transportation by passenger-carrying aircraft unless the package shows a clear and plainly visible statement that it is within the limitations prescribed for passenger operations. Any operator of aircraft may rely on such a certificate as prima facie evidence that the shipment so certified complies with the requirements of this part.5

The first of the statements given in footnote 5 below appears on the radioactive material labels prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Commission, paragraphs 73.414 (a) and (b).

Passenger-Carrying Aircraft

49.10. Acceptable explosives and other dangerous articles on aircraft carrying passengers: No article listed in Appendices A or B of this part shall be carried on passenger-carrying aircraft, and no other explosives or dangerous article shall be carried in passenger-carrying aircraft except as provided in paragraph 49.11 through 49.18. 49.18. Radioactive materials: Radioactive materials-Class D, Groups I, II, and III (liquid, solid, or gaseous) may be carried when packed, marked, and labeled in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 73.368 through 73.369 of the ICC Regulations. (See paragraph 49.55 for handling of radioactive materials in aircraft. See also paragraph 49.62 where certain other types of radioactive materials are exempted from certain of the requirements of this part.)

As the ICC Regulations are now numbered, the paragraphs containing provisions for packing, marking, and labeling of radioactive materials are 73.391 through 73.394.

Cargo Aircraft

49.41. Articles which may be carried in cargo aircraft: In addition to the articles acceptable for transportation on aircraft carrying passen

5 The following statement on a shipping label signed by a responsible agent of the shipper will be accepted as meeting this requirement: This is to certify that the contents of this package are properly described by name and are packed and marked and are in proper condition for transportation according to the regulations prescribed by the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Civil Aeronautics Board.

For shipment on passenger-carrying aircraft add the following: This shipment is within the limitations prescribed for passenger-carrying aircraft.

gers, any article acceptable for, and packed, marked, and labeled in accordance with the ICC Regulations for transportation by rail express may be carried in cargo aircraft: Provided, That no article listed in Appendix A of this part shall be carried except under the provisions of 49.71. The maximum quantity in any one outside package or container shall not exceed that prescribed in the commodity list of Part 72 of the ICC Regulations.

The commodity list of Part 72 of the ICC Regulations lists the "Maximum quantity in 1 outside container by rail express" for radioactive materials as follows: "2000 millicuries. See 73.391 (c)." (73.391 (c) is excerpted on page 13.)

Exempted Articles

49.62. Radioactive materials:

(a) Radioactive materials which meet all of the following conditions are exempt from packing, marking, and labeling requirements required by this part:

(1) The package shall be such that there can be no leakage of radioactive material under conditions normally incident to transportation.

(2) The package shall contain not more than 0.1 millicuries of radium, or polonium, or that amount of strontium 89, strontium 90, or barium 140 which disintegrates at a rate of more than 5 million atoms per second; or not more than that amount of any other radioactive substance which disintegrates at a rate of more than 50 million atoms per second.

(3) The package shall be such that no significant alpha, beta, or neutron radiation is emitted from the exterior of the package, and the gamma radiation at any surface of the package shall be less than 10 milliroentgens in 24 hours.

(b) Manufactured articles other than liquids, such as instrument or clock dials of which radioactive materials are a component part, and luminous compounds when securely packed in strong outside containers are exempt from packing, marking, and labeling requirements, provided the gamma radiation at any surface of the package is less than 10 milliroentgens in 24 hours.

(c) (1) Radioactive materials, such as ores, residues, etc., packed in strong, tight containers are exempt from packing and labeling requirements for shipment in planeload lots, provided the per-planeload (as loaded in place in the airplane) does not exceed 10 milliroentgens per hour of gamma radiation or equivalent. There shall be no loose radioactive material in the airplane, and the shipment must be braced and lashed so as to prevent leakage or shift of lading under normal conditions of flight.

(2) It is the responsibility of the consignor and/or consignee to supervise, respectively, all loading and unloading operations and to monitor all personnel involved so that the accepted limits of personnel radiation exposure are not exceeded.

(d) Shipments of radioactive materials made by the Atomic Energy Commission or under its direction or supervision, which are escorted by personnel who are specially designated by the Atomic Energy Commission, are exempted from the provisions of these regulations where special arrangements are made with and approved by the Administrator.

See pages 8 and 9 for discussion of a similar provision in the ICC Regulations, 73.7 (b). Note also that although ICC Regulations do not require special arrangement for such exemption, Civil Air Regulations do require such arrangements.

49.71. Special Authority:

In emergency situations or where other forms of transportation are impracticable:

(a) Deviations from any of the provisions of this part for a particular flight may be authorized by the Administrator where he finds that the conditions under which the articles are to be carried are such as to permit the safe carriage of persons and cargo.

(b) Deviations from the 2,000 millicurie quantity limitation prescribed for radioactive materials by Paragraph 49.18 may be taken by the Atomic Energy Commission for Atomic Energy Commission shipments, provided that such shipments are made in accordance with the requirements approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission for shipment by rail express and prior notification of each shipment is given by the Atomic Energy Commission in the form and manner prescribed by the Administrator.*

*Revised May 3, 1955.

Chapter IV

U. S. COAST GUARD REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

The following regulations of the U. S. Coast Guard governing the packaging, marking, and labeling of radioactive materials transported by water are excerpted from Title 46, Part 146, of the Code of Federal Regulations. It will be observed that they are in very close agreement with the corresponding ICC Regulations excerpted in Chapter II.

Part 146.-Regulations of the U. S. Coast Guard Covering the Transportation or Storage of Explosives or Other Dangerous Articles or Substances and Combustible Liquids on Board Vessels

146.02-8. U. S. Government Shipments:

(b) Shipments of radioactive materials, made by the Atomic Energy Commission, or under its direction or supervision, which are escorted by personnel specially designated by the Atomic Energy Commission, are exempt from the regulations in this part.

146.05–15. Marking and Labeling Applying to Domestic Shipments Only:

(g) Each package containing "Any Other Dangerous Article" as defined by the regulations in this part shall be conspicuously labeled by the shipper as follows, except as otherwise provided :

(11) "Radioactive materials label" as described and illustrated in paragraph 146.05-17 (g) on containers of Group I and Group II radioactive materials. (See illustration on page 22, Chapter II.)

(12) "Radioactive materials label" as described and illustrated in paragraph 146.05-17 (r) on containers of Group III radioactive materials. (See illustration on page 23, Chapter II.) 146.05-17. Labels:

(a) Shipper shall furnish and attach the labels prescribed for their packages.

(d) Labels shall conform to standard as required by Interstate Commerce Commission regulations.

(e) A combination diamond-shaped label-tag of proper size and color, bearing on one side the shipping information and on the reverse side the wording prescribed in this section, will be permitted.