(j) Radioactive materials Group III, liquid, solid or gaseous, must be packed in suitable inside containers completely wrapped and/or shielded with such material as will prevent the escape of primary corpuscular radiation to the exterior of the shipping container, and secondary radiation at the surface of the container must not exceed 10 milliroentgens per 24 hours, at any time during transportation.

(k) In determining compliance with requirements of paragraphs (e), (g), (h), and (j) of this section measurements of radiation must be made with a Landsverk-Wollan Electrometer Model L-100 or equally efficient standardized meter.

Acceptable instruments for measuring the gamma radiation from packages include the gamma survey meters listed in the SIC series of the AEC Instruments Catalog. Acceptable instruments for the measurement of fast neutron emission include the fast neutron instruments listed in the SIC and SPC Series of the AEC Instruments Catalog.

73.394. Radioactive materials labels:

(a) Each outside container of radioactive material Group I or II, unless exempt by 73.392 of this part, must be labeled with a properly executed label as described in 73.414 (a) of this part.

A properly executed label for Group I or Group II requires the name of the principal radioisotope or radioelement, the activity of the contents (measured in curies or in disintegrations per second), the number of units of radiation from the package, and the name of the shipper. If the nature of the radioactive content cannot be appropriately designated by entering a single radioisotope or radioelement, it may be described as "Chemical NOS" (i. e., chemical, not otherwise specified). See comments on paragraph 73.392 (a) (2) for relations between activity and weight of radium, uranium, and thorium.

The number of radiation units is a measure of the gamma radiation from the package as defined in the Note of 73.414 (a), not of the quantity of radioactive material in the package. For cases in which the quantum energy of the radiation is less than 0.15 Mev, see the discussion following paragraph 73.393 (b) above. The actual number of radiation units should be entered on the label. Use of such statements as "less than 10" is unacceptable since this may lead to unnecessary restrictions if several packages occur in the same car, truck, or terminal. (See 75.655 (j) (3) and 77.841 (d) (2) for regulations limiting transportation by one car or vehicle and storage in one place to 40 units.)

(b) Each outside container of radioactive material Group III must unless exempt by 73.392 of this part, be labeled with a properly executed label as described in 73.414 (b) of this part.

73.395. Cleaning Cars and Vehicles:

(a) Any box car or motor vehicle which, after use for the transportation of radioactive materials in carload or truckload lots, is contaminated with such materials to the extent that a survey of the interior surface shows that the beta-gamma radiation is greater than 10 milliroentgens physical equivalent in 24 hours or that the average alpha contamination is greater than 500 disintegrations per minute per 100 square centimeters shall be thoroughly cleaned in such a manner that a resurvey of the interior surface shows the contamination to be below these levels. A certificate to that effect must be furnished to the local agent of the carrier or to the driver of the motor vehicle. Cars and motor vehicles which are used solely for the transportation of radioactive materials are exempt from the provisions of this section."*

See also paragraph 74.566 (d).

73.396. Radioactive materials handling:

(a) When radioactive materials are loaded into railroad cars or motor vehicles by the shipper, the shipper shall observe all applicable requirements of 75.655 (j) or 77.841 (d), as the case may be.

Subpart H.-Marking and labeling explosives and other dangerous articles 73.401. Dangerous articles:

(a) Packages containing flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, and poisons, as defined in this part must be marked, unless exempted, with the proper shipping name as shown in the commodity list (see 72.5).

* *

(d) Each package must show the specification marking as required if a specification container is prescribed.

(e) Additional shipping information not inconsistent with Parts 71-78 may be shown on a contaner if so desired but no such label or marking shall be of a design, or form, or size, as may be confused with the marking required by Parts 71–78.

73.402. Labeling dangerous articles:

(a) Each package containing any dangerous article as defined in Parts 71-78 must be conspicuously labeled by the shipper as follows, except as otherwise provided:

(1) "Red label" as described in 73.405 on containers of flammable liquids, except when exempted from the regulations by

*Revised May 3, 1955.

73.118. If flammable liquid is also a class A poison or a radioactive material poison D, the "poison gas" label or “radioactive materials" label must also be applied to the package.

(2) "Yellow label" as described in 73.406 on containers of flammable solids and oxidizing materials, except when exempted from the regulations by 73.153 and 73.183. If flammable solid or oxidizing material is also a class A poison or a radioactive material poison D, the "poison gas" label or "radioactive materials" label must also be applied to the package.

(3) "White label" as described in 73.407 (a) (1), (2) and (3) on containers of acids, alkaline caustic liquids or corrosive liquids, except when exempted from regulations by 73.244. If the acid, alkaline caustic liquid or corrosive liquid is also a class A poison or a radioactive material poison D, the "poison gas" label or "radioactive materials" label must also be applied to the package.

(4) "Red label" as described in 73.408 (a) (1) on containers of flammable compressed gases, except when exempted from the regulations by 73.302. If the flammable compressed gas is also a class A poison or a radioactive material poison D, the "poison gas" label or "radioactive materials" label must also be applied to the package.

(5) "Green label" as described in 73.408 (a) (2) on containers of nonflammable compressed gases, except when exempted from the regulations by 73.302. If the nonflammable compressed gas is also a class A poison or a radioactive material poison D, the "poison gas" label or "radioactive materials" label must also be applied to the package.

(6) "Poison gas" label as described in 73.409 (a) (1) on containers of class A poisons.

(7) "Poison" label as described in 73.409 (a) (2) on containers of class B poison liquids or solids, except when exempted from the regulations by 73.345 and 73.364. If the class B poison liquid or solid is also a radioactive material poison D, the "radioactive materials" label must also be applied to the package.

(8) "Radioactive Materials" label as described in 73.414 (a) on containers of class D poisons, Group I and II except when exempted by 73.392.

(9) "Radioactive Materials" label as described in 73.414 (6) on containers of class D poisons, Group III, except when exempted by 73.392.

(12) "Empty label" as described in 73.413 of this part must be applied to containers which have been emptied and on which the

old label has not been removed, obliterated, or destroyed. It must be so placed on the container as to completely cover the old label.

******

73.403. Labels for mixed packing:

(a) Use red label only when red and other labels are prescribed, except when poison gas label or radioactive materials label are prescribed then both the red label, the poison gas label, or red label and radioactive materials label must be used.

(b) Use white acid (alkaline caustic liquid or corrosive liquid) label only when white acid (alkaline caustic liquid or corrosive liquid) and yellow or poison labels are prescribed or poison labels (class B) are prescribed, except when poison gas label or radioactive materials label are prescribed, then both the white acid label and the poison gas label or white acid and radioactive materials label must be used.

(c) Use yellow label only when yellow and poison labels are prescribed except when poison gas label or radioactive materials label are prescribed then both the yellow label and the poison gas label or the yellow label and the radioactive materials label must be used. 73.404. Labels:

(a) Shippers must furnish and attach the labels prescribed for their packages. Labels should be applied to that part of the package bearing consignee's name and address.

(b) Labels must not be applied to packages containing articles which are not subject to Parts 71-78 or are exempted therefrom.

(c) Shippers must not use labels which by their size, shape, and color, may readily be confused with the standard caution labels prescribed in this part.

(d) Labels must conform to standards as to size, printing, and color, and samples will be furnished, on request, by the Bureau of Explosives.

(e) A combination diamond-shaped label-tag of proper size and color, bearing on one side the shipping information and on the reverse side the wording prescribed in this part, will be permitted.

(f) As certification of compliance with regulations is also required by other Government agencies, and to avoid multiplicity of certifications, there may be added to the certificate on labels "and the Commandant of the Coast Guard," or "and the Civil Air Regulations," or "and the Post Office Department," as is necessary.

(g) The carrier's name and stationery form number, or the shipper's name and address, may be printed on the labels, in type not larger than 10 point, if placed within the black-line border and in the upper or lower corner of the diamond.

NO PERSON SHALL REMAIN WITHIN THREE FEET OF THIS CONTAINER UNNECESSARILY

DO NOT PLACE UNDEVELOPED FILM WITHIN 15 FEET OF THIS CONTAINER

Principal radioactive content..

Activity of contents..

Radiation units from package No..

Not more than 40 units shall be loaded in one
car or one motor vehicle or held at one location.
This is to certify that the contents of this package
are properly described by name and are packed
and marked and are in proper condition for
transportation according to the Regula.
tions prescribed by the Interstate
Commerce Commission.

Shipper's name required
hereon for ship-

ments by EXPRESS

73.414. Radioactive materials labels:

(a) Labels for radioactive materials (class D poisons) Group I and Group II must be of diamond shape, white in color, and with each side 4 inches long. Printing must be in red letters inside of a red-line border measuring 32 inches on each side, as shown in this section.

NOTE. This label must be duly executed by the shipper and the number of radiation units must be shown. For purposes of these regulations 1 unit equals 1 milliroentgen per hour at 1 meter for hard gamma radiation or the amount of radiation which has the same effect on film as 1 mrhm of hard gamma rays of radium filtered by 1⁄2 inch of lead.

(b) Labels for radioactive materials (class D poisons) Group III must be of diamond shape, white in color, and with each side 4 inches long. Printing must be in blue letters inside of a blue-line border measuring 311⁄2 inches on each side, and as shown in this section.