INTRODUCTION.

THOUGH Spain and Portugal are kingdoms totally distinct and independent of each other, there are so many circumstances in their geography and natural features, which connect them together, that we shall speak of them in these respects as forming one great Peninsula.

Spain is a great country in the south-west of Europe, -bounded on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and the mountains of the Pyrenees, which last separate it from France; on the west by the kingdom of Portugal and the Atlantic; on the south by the same ocean and the Mediterranean Sea; and on the east by the Mediterranean Sea.

It extends from longitude 9° 13' west, to 3o 15' east; and from latitude 36° north, to 43° 46'; its greatest breadth from east to west, that is, from the extreme point of Ca