"Geology: *General geology, *Paleontology, *Petrology, *Optical mineralogy, *Field geology, Sedimentation. "MARINE GEOLOGY "Marine sciences: Introduction to marine biology, Introduction to oceanography. "English: *Composition. "Foreign language: French, German, or Russian." The CHAIRMAN. Now, Dr. Morse, we have called on you quite a bit, but do you have anything to add here on your own for the record? Dr. Morse is Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development and Chairman of the Interagency Committee on Oceanography. Dr. MORSE. Yes, sir. I have a prepared statement, sir. I will read it, if you would like. It is rather short, and I think it will cover some of the questions that were raised before, precisely how the committee operates. The CHAIRMAN. All right. STATEMENT OF DR. ROBERT W. MORSE, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND CHAIRMAN OF THE INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON OCEANOGRAPHY Dr. MORSE. May I express for the Interagency Committee on Oceanography members our appreciation for this opportunity to discuss the organization of the oceanographic program of the Federal Government. Although I am new to the Interagency Committee on Oceanography (ICO), I understand that its association with your committee goes back to 1960 when you took a strong initiative in bringing the deficiencies in our Nation's program in oceanography to the attention of the Congress. As you know, Mr. Chairman, Federal interest in oceanography has been rather sporadic, at least in the past, going back to 1927 when a committee on oceanography was convened under the National Academy of Sciences to examine the serious neglect of oceanographic research in this country. However, it was not until 1956 that several agencies requested Dr. Detlev Bronk, then president of the National Academy of Sciences, to examine the national picture. The National Academy responded by forming a Committee on Oceanography (NASCO), which has continued since. As their initial effort, NASCO produced the well-known 12-chapter series, "Oceanography 1960-70," which outlined several recommendations for implementation of an aggressive Federal effort in oceanography. In March 1959, President Eisenhower formed the Federal Council for Science and Technology, and oceanography was one of the scientific areas to which the Council initially devoted attention. In May 1959, the Chairman of the Federal Council, Dr. James Killian, established a subcommittee on oceanography. The charge to this committee included the evaluation of the NASCO report and the examination of plans of the Federal agencies to meet this country's needs in the marine sciences. On July 16, 1959, Dr. Herbert York, the director of defense research and engineering, acting for Dr. Killian, appointed Dr. James H. Wakelin, Jr., the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research and Development, to serve as chairman of a group of representatives from the Departments of Defense, Interior, and Commerce, the National Science Foundation, and Atomic Energy Commission. This subcommittee evaluated the NASCO report and submitted its first report to the Federal Council in September 1959, generally endorsing the goals recommended by NASCO. At the same time, Dr. Wakelin's subcommittee recommended that the Federal Council establish a group which would review Federal projects in the marine sciences on a permanent basis. It was also envisaged that this group would coordinate Federal oceanographic activities in the national interest. Thus the Federal Council established the Interagency Committee on Oceanography on January 22, 1960. On March 10, 1961, Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, the Chairman of the Federal Council for Science and Technology, documented the mission and function of the ICO. I should like to offer this letter for the record, which is the letter addressed to Dr. Wakelin. The CHAIRMAN. All right, we will put that in the record. (The letter follows:) THE FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, March 10, 1961. Hon. JAMES H. WAKELIN, Jr., It shall be the mission of the Interagency Committee on Oceanography to develop, annually, a national oceanographic program, incorporating its best judgment as to balance and emphasis in terms of both long-range scientific needs and requirements of Government agencies by : (a) Reviewing current activities and planned programs of individual agencies in the context of the Government's overall long-range effort. (b) Engaging in cordinated budget planning so as to recommend level of funding required for each fiscal year. (c) Considering special problems that may arise in implementing the national program and recommending solutions therefor. The Committee should consider, in addition, any other matters it deems relevant and important in advancing oceanography in the national interest. In carrying out these functions, it is suggested that the Committee make use, as it deems appropriate, of assistance and studies from organizations such as the informal Coordinating Committee on Oceanography and the Committee on Oceanography of the National Academy of Sciences. The operating procedures of the Committee shall be determined by the Committee itself in order to best meet the objectives stated above. With regard to the national oceanographic program, it is suggested that the Committee submit to the Council, annually on August 1, a recommended program of oceanographic effort and on February 1, annually, an approved national oceanographic program, based on the President's budget, for transmittal to the Congress. The Council joins me in extending its appreciation to you and the Interagency Committee on Oceanography for your past efforts in the formulation of a national program which has been well conceived and orderly expanded. We are confident that the future work of the Committee will continue in this productive manner. Sincerely yours, JEROME B. WIESNER, Dr. MORSE. During the ensuing years, the ICO has found it desirable to include representatives of the Treasury Department's Coast Guard, the State Department, and the Smithsonian Institution as full committee members. Representatives of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Oceanography, the Office of Science and Technology, and the Bureau of the Budget are observers and attend every meeting, thus rounding out an organization which can be said to cover all of the sectors of the executive branch of the Government with direct interests in the marine sciences. Mr. Chairman, I should like to distribute two charts, enter them in the record, which will give you and your committee members a view of our table of organization as well as our advisory panel system. In addition, I should like your permission to include these charts in the record as well. I think you may have them there. They do list the agencies involved which you asked earlier about. The CHAIRMAN. All right. (The charts follow :) Dr. MORSE. Dr. Hornig has indicated the position of the Interagency Committee on Oceanography within the Federal Council structure, and has spoken of the many interests of the Council and the manner in which it is organized to fulfill its own charter. The first chart I have given you delineates not only the full membership of the ICO, but the agencies which are indirectly represented by the membership as well. You can see from this chart that each department is represented by one ICO member so that, for instance, Mr. McKernan, Director of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, represents the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Geological Survey, and the Bureau of Mines, as well as his own bureau. In this manner, we have maintained the flexibility of a small group while still permitting representation by all of the cognizant units in the Government. Owing to the wide diversity of subject matter encompassed by the ICO and the detailed questions which continually arise, the ICO has found it expeditious to carry out its mission via advisory panels in the functional areas of research, surveys, international programs, ship construction, instrumentation and facilities, manpower and training, and, most recently, a panel on ocean engineering. In order to permit the committee to review quickly the functions of these panels, I should like to offer copies of the charters for the record. The CHAIRMAN. All right. (The charters follow:) CHARTER OCEAN ENGINEERING PANEL The Interagency Committee on Oceanography, Panel on Ocean Engineering is established to: 1. Determine and evaluate the Federal oceanographic program and its content, as it is related to those aspects of marine technology useful in allowing men to live in, operate on and use the sea in the best national interests. 2. Collect and disseminate technical information about enginering apects directed toward utilization of the oceans. 3. Initiate and coordinate studies of interest to the ICO in areas of marine engineering. 4. Advise the Interagency Committee on Oceanography as to the direction and action necessary to develop, for the national good, a coordinated and progressive plan for the exploration and exploitation of the oceans, stressing the use and potential of sound engineering practices. 5. Work in concert with existing ICO panels where mutually beneficial exchanges will enhance the present technologies necessary for the exploration and exploitation of the world oceans. 6. Determine the present and projected requirements for oceanographic knowledge to be applied to the solution of ocean engineering problems. CHARTER MANPOWER AND TRAINING PANEL The objectives of the Manpower and Training Panel are to identify those problem areas in manpower which are likely to impede the national oceanographic program and to propose programs to the ICO for the solution of such problems. CHARTER INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS PANEL The purpose of this panel is twofold: (1) To insure that U.S. participation in the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and other international programs proceeds in an aggressive, judicious, and timely manner; and (2) that the panel provides a forum whereby the |