40 per cent of the total.26 Africa's share of the resources available under the Expanded Programme has increased from 8-9 per cent in 1956 to 29 per cent in 1961-1962. At the last session of the General Conference of UNESCO the United States joined with other countries in extending that agency's programme of work in Africa."7 There, too, the United States is prepared to accelerate the pace provided there is agreement to do so.

For all those reasons, my delegation enthusiastically supports draft resolution A/C.2/L.619. We would merely suggest that in operative paragraph 5 the word "invokes" might be changed to "invites".

The twenty-five-Power draft resolution (A/C.2/L.622/Rev.1 and Add.1 and 2) is constructive and realistic.28 The sponsors have rightly stressed economic planning and projections among the problems most relevant to African development. With reference to the second preambular paragraph, my delegation believes that the prosperity of the African peoples is more likely to be advanced by economic interdependence and co-operation rather than by economic "independence", a term which smacked of autarky. I therefore suggest that the word "viability" be substituted for it. In view of the importance of agricultural development as a part of economic diversification, the words "and the development of highly developed agriculture" might be added after the word "industrialization" in the fourth preambular paragraph. A similar addition had been made to the draft resolution on the United Nations Development Decade (A/C.2/ L.599) following a suggestion by the Soviet Union representative which the United States had whole-heartedly endorsed.29 The present wording of the seventh preambular paragraph might be construed as giving preference to African exporters of primary commodities over Latin American or Asian exporters. I therefore suggest that the paragraph should conclude with the words ". . . African States and problems created for African exporters of primary commodities by adverse terms of trade and by excessive fluctuations of prices of these commodities".

With reference to operative paragraph 4(a), my delegation believes that the decision to convene a meeting of African countries should be made by ECA.30 I therefore suggest that that body be requested to consider the measures outlined in paragraph 4. In the same paragraph the words "mutually satisfactory" might replace the word "common", since the solutions in question might not necessarily be common to all products and all countries. The idea of using development banks to promote economic and social progress, as advocated in operative paragraph 5, is one which the United States endorses. It is gratifying that the idea will be considered in consultation with

See ante, doc. 48.

"See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 161–170. "See post, doc. 310.

"See ante, docs. 46-47.

* Economic Commission for Africa; for its establishment see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1958, pp. 96–99.

IBRD. The study called for by ECA in its resolution 27 (III) has not yet been submitted.31 Consequently, my delegation would sug gest that, in operative paragraph 5, the words "in accordance with the recommendations" should be replaced by the words "taking into account the study called for". It might also be preferable to delete the word "regional" in the two places where it occurs in operative paragraph 5.

Apart from those drafting changes, my delegation has no hesitation in giving its enthusiastic support to the draft resolution.

309. AFRICAN EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Resolution 1717 (XVI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 19, 1961 32

The General Assembly,

Recalling its resolutions 1415 (XIV) of 5 December 1959 and 1515 (XV) 34 and 1527 (XV) of 15 December 1960,35

Recognizing the importance of planned and co-ordinated educational development in promoting the economic and social development of African countries,

Recognizing also the importance of co-ordinating educational plans with over-all national plans for economic and social development in order that education may adequately fit the specific requirements of each country's present stage of development,

Welcoming the decisions of the Conference of African States on the Development of Education in Africa convoked jointly by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Economic Commission for Africa and the Outline of a Plan for African Educational Development established by the African States at that Conference,36 embodying broad targets and priorities, particularly for second-level education, costs and national contributions for the period 1961-1965,

1. Calls upon the African countries to continue to devote increasing and ample resources to the development of education in their ter ritories, in accordance with the broad targets of the five-year programme set forth in the Outline of a Plan for African Educational Development;

2. Notes, however, that, in spite of increasing national allocation to education, the financial deficit faced by the African countries is estimated, in relation to these targets, at:

"Of Feb. 16, 1961; text in U.N. ECOSOC Official Records, Thirty-second Session. Supplement No. 10 (E/3452/Rev.1), p. 32.

U.N. General Assembly Official Records, Sixteenth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/5100), pp. 23-24. This resolution, sponsored by the representatives of 27 of the member states, was adopted unanimously.

33 Text ibid., Fourteenth Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/4534), p. 32.

34 Text ibid., Fifteenth Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/4684), p. 9.

35 Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, pp. 92-95.

30 Cited as an unnumbered title, ante, p. 710.

$140,000,000 for 1961;
$150,000,000 for 1962;

$260,000,000 for 1963;

$310,000,000 for 1964;

$450,000,000 for 1965;

3. Notes further that, while the deficit for 1961 is covered by external aid, the amount of such aid, if deficits in subsequent years are to be met, will have to be considerably increased;

4. Invites States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies to contribute financial and technical assistance to the African countries in accordance with the needs of these countries, taking into account the estimate of the Conference for the years 1961-1965;

5. Endorses Economic and Social Council resolution 837 (XXXII) of 3 August 1961 37 which invites the support of all the appropriate organs of the United Nations, including the Technical Assistance Board, the Special Fund and the United Nations Children's Fund, as well as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the other agencies of the United Nations system, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association, to help the African countries in every way in putting into effect the decisions of the Conference; 6. Calls upon the inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations outside the United Nations system which are active in the field of education to extend their full co-operation with a view to fulfilling the objectives assigned by the Conference;

7. Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to convene in 1963, jointly with the economic Commission for Africa, another Conference of African States to review the execution, costs and targets of the plan adopted by the Conference, and to analyse national educational programmes with a view to assisting the integration of these programmes in over-all national development plans.

310. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA:

Resolution

1718 (XVI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 19, 1961 38

The General Assembly,

Noting that low standards of living continue to prevail all over Africa,

Conscious of the urgent necessity to take measures to strengthen and consolidate the economic independence of the African States,

Text in U.N. ECOSOC Official Records, Thirty-second Session, Supplement No. 1 (E/3555), pp. 24-25.

38

"U.N. General Assembly Official Records, Sixteenth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/5100), pp. 24-25. This resolution, sponsored by the representatives of 25 of the member states, was adopted by a vote of 91 (including the U.S.) to 0, with O abstentions.

Affirming that, while the primary responsibility for rapid economic development and social progress rests with the African States themselves, concerted international co-operation has a very important role to play in the economic and social development of Africa,

Convinced that diversification of production, industrialization and the development of highly productive agriculture are crucially important for the economic advancement of all African States,

Bearing in mind the necessity to further an accelerating pace of economic and social development of the African States within the framework of well-integrated long-term plans,

Appreciating the willingness of Member States to contribute significantly to an international programme for African development, Bearing in mind also the importance of international trade to the economic development of African States and other under-developed countries and the necessity of taking appropriate measures to improve the terms of trade in favour of exporters of primary commodities and of eliminating the excessive fluctuations of the prices of these products, so that African States can increasingly finance their economic development from expanding earnings of foreign exchange,

Affirming that it is essential to expand the volume of domestic savings and the inflow of foreign investment capital, public and private, for financing an accelerating rate of economic development in African States,

41

Recalling its resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960,39 1519 (XV),40 1520 (XV),11 1521 (XV),42 1522 (XV), and 1527 (XV) of 15 December 1960 44 and Economic Commission for Africa resolutions 25 (III) of 15 February 1961,5 27 (III) 46 and 29 (III) of 16 February 1961, and 31 (III) of 17 February 1961,48 and Economic and Social Council resolutions 831 (XXXII) of 2 August 1961 49 and 836 (XXXII) of 3 August 1961,50

47

1. Reaffirms its resolution 1527 (XV) of 15 December 1960, particularly paragraphs 3 and 4 thereof;

2. Urges the establishment, within the Economic Commission for Africa, of a programming institution to complement the work of the Economic Projections and Programming Centre envisaged under General Assembly resolution 1708 (XVI) of 19 December 1961; 51 3. Requests the Secretary-General:

39 'Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, pp. 110–111. 40 U.N. General Assembly Official Records, Fifteenth Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/4684), pp. 11-12.

41 Text ibid., p. 12.

42 Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, pp. 90–91.

43 Text ibid., pp. 91–92.

44 Text ibid., pp. 92–95.

45

U.N. ECOSOC Official Records, Thirty-second Session, Supplement No. 10

(a) To lend his full support to the establishment, under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Africa and, at the request of the Governments concerned, with the assistance of the Special Fund, of an African institute of economic development and planning which will provide advisory services and train qualified personnel in the field of economic development, especially in the techniques of economic planning and development;

(b) To provide, on request, through the Economic Commission for Africa and its institute of economic development and planning when it is established, the advisory services and other technical assistance required for the preparation of national and regional development plans;

4. Requests the Economic Commission for Africa, acting through its Executive Secretary and with the fullest assistance of the SecretaryGeneral:

(a) To convene as soon as possible, in consultation with the appropriate institutions and organs and under the auspices of the Standing Committee on Trade of the Economic Commission for Africa, a meeting of African countries to examine their policies on international trade and to work out immediate and common solutions regarding the disposal of their principal products on external markets;

(b) To prepare a further and up-to-date study of the impacts, on a short-term basis as well as in the long run, of the European economic groupings on the trade and economic development of the associated as well as the non-associated African countries:

(c) To study further, in consultation with the Governments of African countries and appropriate institutions:

(i) The measures required for increasing the volume of domestic savings in the African countries:

(ii) The measures necessary for accelerating the flow of foreign public and private capital to African countries and to report on these measures to the Economic and Social Council at its thirty-fourth session;

5. Urges the importance of establishing regional economic development banks for Africa taking into account the study called for in resolution 27 (III) of the Economic Commission for Africa, and requests the Secretary-General to consult with the appropriate institutions, particularly the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, on the immediate steps necessary for the early establishment of these regional development banks;

6. Further requests the Secretary-General to strengthen the authority and increase the substantive and operational functions of the Economic Commission for Africa and to provide it with the requisite personnel and other resources in keeping with the policy of decentralization, as reaffirmed in General Assembly resolution 1709 (XVT) of 19 December 1961; 52

52

Cited as an unnumbered title, ante, p. 87.

Doc. 310