defense establishment into the multinational NATO framework. The Chancellor, in emphasizing the defensive aspects of West German armed forces, noted that the Federal Republic is the only nation of its size all of whose forces are under international command.

While agreeing on the need to take all measures essential to strengthen the defensive posture of NATO, the President and the Chancellor recognized the necessity of not permitting Soviet pressure over Berlin to deflect them from urgently required constructive tasks vital to the welfare of their peoples and those of other nations.

The President reaffirmed the strong support of the United States for the movement toward European unity through the European Economic Community, the European Coal and Steel Community, and EURATOM. The President and the Chancellor agreed on the important role that the development of the European communities can play in further strengthening and complementing the entire Atlantic community. They agreed particularly on the importance and significance of proposals now being considered for a European Political Union pursuant to the Bonn Declaration of July 1961.13

They welcomed the recent decision by the OECD Council of Ministers to increase the combined gross national product of the OECD member countries by 50 percent by 1970 and pledged themselves to work toward this goal.14

The President and the Chancellor also discussed the urgent need to increase the flow of development assistance to the less-developed countries. They noted that the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD provides an excellent means of stimulating a greater effort in this field. They considered that in many cases the application of combined resources from several capital exporting countries to specific development assistance problems would be a valuable method of assisting the less-developed countries.

It is the view of the President and the Chancellor that the fruitful exchange of views which they have had will facilitate the close cooperation between the United States and the Federal Republic and result in further strengthening the ties of friendship and mutual understanding which have characterized their relations in the post-war period.

GREECE

202. GREEK-UNITED STATES "CORDIAL AND FRIENDLY TALKS UPON SUBJECTS OF MUTUAL INTEREST": Joint Communiqué Issued at Washington by the President of the United States (Kennedy) and the Prime Minister of Greece (Caramanlis), April 20, 1961 15

During his visit in Washington, April 17-20, the Greek Prime Minister and the President of the United States held cordial and friendly talks upon subjects of mutual interest. The same atmosphere characterized the talks of the Prime Minister with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and other members of the Cabinet and personalities of the United States administration.

The Greek Prime Minister expressed his thanks for President Kennedy's invitation to visit the United States officially and for the generous hospitality accorded to him and his party.

With regard to the relationship between the two countries it was agreed that it is based upon solid and sincere friendship, mutual confidence and loyalty to common ideals and the common purpose of maintaining peace and safeguarding liberty and justice. It was agreed that cooperation between the two countries in the political, economic and cultural fields should be broadened. It was also agreed that Greek-American ties, which have been steeled in common struggles, should be further tightened in the face of common dangers.

The Greek Prime Minister reviewed the problems in which Greece is vitally interested. These problems, which include the difficult tasks facing the Greek people in achieving economic development and in raising the standard of living, met with the wholehearted interest of United States officials. Mr. Caramanlis expressed the grateful appreciation of the Greek people for United States aid in the past and for the determination of the United States to continue to support the efforts of Greece in carrying out its programs of economic development.

The Americans expressed admiration for the stability and progress prevailing in Greece and recognized that these are invaluable assets for the free world.

Special attention was devoted to common defense problems within the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The need to strengthen the defense of the Atlantic community was recognized, as well as the importance of promoting solidarity and the fulfillment by each member of its obligations.

In this connection the situation in the Balkans, and other areas of immediate interest for Greece, were given particular attention because

15 White House press release dated Apr. 20, 1961 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, May 15, 1961, pp. 726-727). Prime Minister Caramanlis made an official visit to the United States, Apr. 17-24, 1961, at the invitation of President Kennedy; he made an address before the House of Representatives, Apr. 18 (text ibid., p. 726), departed Washington to visit New York City, Apr. 20, and left for Paris, Apr. 24, 1961.

of their importance in the maintenance of international stability and peace. It was agreed that the two governments would continue to consult closely with each other regarding developments in these areas and elsewhere.

It was recognized that progress toward world security and peace would be advanced greatly by reliable, controlled international disarmament agreements and by agreed procedures for the maintenance of peace and the settlement of disputes in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter. To uphold those principles, determination was expressed to strengthen the United Nations Organization.

The emergence of the new African states was welcomed by both sides. Both countries recognized their responsibility to assist those new states in their growth and development.

ITALY

203. ITALIAN-UNITED STATES "CONSULTATIONS ON A BROAD RANGE OF INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS AND MATTERS OF [MUTUAL] INTEREST": Joint Communiqué Issued at Washington by the President of the United States (Kennedy) and the Prime Minister of Italy (Fanfani), June 13, 1961 16

President Kennedy and Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani today concluded a cordial and constructive two day series of consultations on a broad range of international problems and matters of interest to the governments and peoples of the United States and Italy who are engaged in the work of defending freedom and strengthening peace. The two reviewed the important role which Italy has played in the rebuilding of postwar Europe and the extraordinary rise of Italian strength and vigor in this era.

They reaffirmed the strong ties of friendship and heritage which bind the two countries.

The President and the Prime Minister met alone for a period of time and were later joined in discussions by Foreign Minister Antonio Segni, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Ambassador Sergio Fenoaltea, Ambassador G. Frederick Reinhardt and other high officers of the foreign ministries of both countries. President Kennedy informed the Prime Minister in detail concerning his recent conversations with Premier Khrushchev in Vienna 17 and views were exchanged on the principal issues involved, including Berlin and disarmament. The President and the Prime Minister found themselves in complete agree

16 White House press release dated June 13, 1961 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, July 10, 1961, p. 60). Prime Minister Fanfani made an informal visit to the United States June 11-16, 1961.

17 See post, docs. 228–230.

ment on the need for strengthening the Atlantic community both as an instrument of defense and in its political and economic aspects and for maintaining and developing the closest Western consultations on all major international questions.

There was concurrence on the need for continuing international efforts to reach a workable agreement on disarmament with adequate safeguards. They also agreed on the importance and utility of further progress towards European integration and on the need for continuing Western solidarity in the face of the unremitting Communist challenge to the cause of freedom.

The two leaders also discussed in detail the problems related to economic and technical assistance to the newly-emerging and developing countries of the world with particular reference to the countries of the Mediterranean area, Latin American and Africa-areas where Italy has especially close ties based on history, culture and economic association.

Prime Minister Fanfani stated in this regard that the Italian Government-within the limits of Italy's capabilities and of the engagements already undertaken for the development of Italy's southern regions is ready to participate with its contribution to the implementation of these programs which will be agreed upon. It was agreed that in making plans for the further elaboration of the program for assisting emerging and developing nations the two governments should maintain contact between themselves and with the many other friendly governments as well as the governments concerned whose support and participation are essential to the success of the program. Prime Minister Fanfani also had meetings during his visit with the Secretary of State, Mr. Dean Rusk, and the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Douglas Dillon. Foreign Minister Segni also met with Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. The Italian leaders also met with leaders of both Houses of Congress.

This meeting again confirmed the profound and intimate relations between the two countries and the common aspirations of these governments to maintain peace and security and freedom in the promotion of the welfare of the peoples of the world.

Prime Minister Fanfani is expected to leave Washington by car tomorrow morning, June 14, for further visits in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York before his return to Italy on June 16. Foreign Minister Segni will return to Italy on June 14.

Doc. 203

PORTUGAL

[NOTE: See also the subsection, "Angola," in Section B, "Central and Southern Africa," of Part VIII,“Africa.”]

[THE UNITED STATES POSITION ON THE QUESTION OF THE NONCOMPLIANCE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF PORTUGAL WITH CHAPTER XI OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND WITH GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 1542 (XV): Statement Made by the U.S. Representative (Bingham) Before the U.N. General Assembly, December 19, 1961 (Excerpts)-Ante, doc. 54]

[NONCOMPLIANCE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF PORTUGAL WITH CHAPTER XI OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND WITH GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 1542 (XV): Resolution 1699 (XVI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 19, 1961-Ante, doc. 55]

SPAIN

204. VISIT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE TO SPAIN: Announcement Issued by the Department of State, December 7,1961 18

The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain, Señor Fernando María Castiella y Maiz, has invited Secretary Rusk to visit Madrid and lunch with him on Mr. Rusk's way back to Washington from the NATO Ministerial Meeting at Paris. The Secretary of State has accepted with pleasure Señor Castiella's invitation and will visit Madrid on December 16. He will also pay a courtesy call on General Franco. Mr. Rusk will return directly to Washington the same day.

18

Department of State press release No. 857 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Dec. 25, 1961, p. 1054). No communiqué was issued following the Secretary's visit.