and approval by the Economic and Social Council and the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization, to proceed on the basis of the present resolution and the resolution of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of 24 November 1961, taking into account the joint proposal by the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization regarding procedures and arrangements for the multilateral utilization of surplus food, statements made during the debates in the General Assembly and in the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization and such other conditions and procedures as may seem to it appropriate;

11. Recommends that Governments requesting assistance under this programme, the United Nations/FAO Inter-Governmental Committee, and the joint United Nations/FAO administrative unit responsible for the administration of the program, keep the resident representatives fully informed about, and, within their field of competence, associated with, activities undertaken under the programme;

12. Invites the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization to ensure that, in carrying out the programme, the joint United Nations/FAO administrative unit rely to the fullest extent possible on the existing staff and facilities of the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization, as well as other appropriate inter-governmental agencies;

13. Requests the United Nations/FAO Inter-Governmental Committee to report annually to the Economic and Social Council and to the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization on the progress made in the development of the programme and on its administration and operation;

14. Decides to undertake, not later than at its nineteenth session, a general review of the programme, taking into account the objectives of its resolution 1496 (XV);

II

Recognizing that the experimental programme outlined above constitutes a step towards the broader objectives outlined in its resolution 1496 (XV),

Recognizing further that the ultimate solution to this problem of food deficiency lies in self-sustaining economic growth of the economies of the less developed countries to the point where they find it possible to meet their food requirements from their food-producing industries or from the proceeds of their expanding export trade,

Recognizing that the effective utilization of available surplus foodstuffs, in ways compatible with the principles of surplus disposal recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, provides an important transitional means of relieving the hunger and malnutrition of food-deficient peoples, particularly in the less developed countries, and for assisting these countries in their economic development,

Recognizing further that food aid is not a substitute for other types of assistance, in particular for capital goods,

1. Recognizes that food aid to be provided under this programme should take into account other forms of assistance and country plans for economic and social development;

2. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in close co-operation with the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and with interested groups or agencies, and jointly where appropriate, to undertake, as soon as feasible, expert studies which would aid in the consideration of the future development of multilateral food programmes;

3. Expresses the hope that, in the light of these studies and of the experience gained, the progress of the experimental programme will be such as to permit the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization to consider the possibility and advisability of increasing the programme, taking into account the advantages to developing countries, the interests of the contributing States, the interests of the food-exporting countries, the effectiveness of the programme and its contribution to the objectives of General Assembly resolution 1496 (XV);

4. Endorses again the Freedom from Hunger Campaign launched by the Food and Agriculture Organization," and requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization, simultaneously with the implementation of the present resolution, to pay particular attention to the necessity of improving and increasing local food production and to include, where appropriate, reference to this subject in the reports mentioned above, and requests the United Nations/FAO Inter-Governmental Committee to consider the possibility of applying to this purpose a reasonable proportion of resources resulting from the World Food Programme.

THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL MARITIME CONSULTATIVE

ORGANIZATION

61. ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION DURING 1961 (INCLUDING THE SECOND SESSION OF THE ASSEMBLY, LONDON, APRIL 5-15, 1961): Annual Report of the President (Kennedy) to the Congress on U.S. Participation in the U.N., Transmitted August 2, 1962 (Excerpt)

28

The Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) came into being in March 1958.29 The 16-member IMCO

27

See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 168–170. U.S. Participation in the U.N.: Report by the President to the Congress for the Year 1961 (Department of State publication 7413), pp. 243–244.

20

See A Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949, pp. 378-391, and American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 180-206.

748-787-65- -18

Council was organized and held its first session in London in January 1959. It acts as the agency's governing body between sessions of the Assembly, which are held every 2 years. Subsequent sessions of IMCO's Council were held in London in July 1959, March 1960, January 1961, and April 1961. These dealt with the development of the work program, administrative arrangements, the relationship of the Organization with other U.N. Specialized Agencies, and consideration of the Report of the Maritime Safety Committee and the transmission of that report to the Assembly.

The IMCO Assembly, comprising all member states (now numbering 50), held its second session in London from April 5 to 15, 1961.30 Among its major actions was the election for a 4-year period of a new Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) 31 of which the United States is a member. As a result of an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice,32 this key organ of IMCO had been reconstituted on a basis long advocated by the United States. Other Assembly actions included the consideration of the Report of the MSC transmitted to it by the Council, and the decision to convene a conference in March/ April 1962 to deal with proposals for amendment of the 1954 Convention on Pollution of the Sea by Oil 33 with a view to expanding the scope and augmenting the effectiveness of international cooperation in control over pollution. The Report of the MSC was approved and the Council agreed to accept the responsibilities placed on IMCO by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, and the revised International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.34 In connection therewith it established a Subcommittee on Subdivision and Stability and a Working Group on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea. It also agreed to arrangements for cooperation through a Joint Working Group with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on common problems relating to safety at sea and in the air. Further, the Assembly adopted reports submitted by the Council on the Facilitation of Travel and Transport, agreed to participation by IMCO in the U.N. Expanded Program of Technical Assistance (ETAP), made certain amendments to IMCO Financial Regulations,

30 For the resolutions and other measures adopted by the second session of the Assembly of the IMCO, see Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization, Assembly, Second Session, 5 April–14 April 1961: Resolutions and Other Decisions (London, IMCO, 1961). See also Report of the United States Delegation to the Second Session of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO), Held at Church House, London, England, April 5-14, 1961 (mimeographed, Department of State).

a Elected were Argentina, Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Liberia, the Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom, and the United States.

32 See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, p. 127.

33 See infra.

34

See International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1960: Final Act of the Conference, With Annexes, Including the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, Signed in London, June 17, 1960 (London, HMSO (for the IMCO), 1961).

approved a set of Rules and Practices relative to the Grant of Consultative Status to Non-Governmental International Organizations, approved an expanded work program for the organization as well as a provisional staffing pattern and a 2-year (1962-1963) budget of $892,000. It was agreed that the third Assembly session would be held in London in the fall of 1963.

The Maritime Safety Committee, which is concerned with all technical matters connected with safety of life at sea, held its fourth session on April 14, 1961. The only action taken at this session was the election of a Chairman and a Vice Chairman.

ANNEX

MEMBERSHIP OF THE IMCO AND CONTRIBUTIONS

(Membership as of December 31, 1961; contributions for 1961, in U.S. dollars)

"Table taken from Yearbook of the United Nations, 1961, p. 671.

62. IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES ACCEPTANCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY OIL: Statement Made by the Legal Adviser (Chayes), Department of State, Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, April 25, 1961 36

I welcome the opportunity to appear before the Committee on Foreign Relations to support United States acceptance of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil.37

38

This committee reported favorably on the convention on June 2, 1960, but the Senate did not take final action with respect to it prior to adjournment of the 86th Congress. With the convention again before the committee for consideration, the Department of State wishes to affirm its support of the convention and to urge that the committee renew its recommendation that the Senate advise and consent to acceptance of the convention subject to the understanding and reservations and with the recommendation set forth in the committee's report of June 2.

The purpose of the convention is to prevent the pollution of the seas by oil and oily wastes by regulating the discharge thereof by tankers and other ships. The regulations imposed by the convention are directed solely at seagoing ships registered in the territory of a contracting party which are over 500 tons gross tonnage and are not being used as naval auxiliaries, in whaling, or in navigating the Great Lakes and certain tributaries.

The United States, like many other governments, has laws prohibiting the discharge of oil and oily wastes within territorial waters. The convention would not change our present law with respect to territorial waters; the Oil Pollution Act of 1924 39 will continue to

36 Department of State press release No. 257 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, May 22, 1961, pp. 776–777).

37

See the unnumbered title, infra.

"See S. Ex. Rept. 6, 86th Cong., 2d sess., June 2, 1960.

30 Public Law 238, 68th Cong., approved June 7, 1924; 43 Stat. 604 (33 U.S.C. § 431 et seq.).