of international agencies with responsibilities in the financial, economic and social fields, the Managing Director of the Special Fund, the Executive Chairman of the Technical Assistance Board and the regional economic commissions, to develop proposals for the intensification of action in the fields of economic and social development by the United Nations system of organizations, with particular reference, inter alia, to the following approaches and measures designed to further the objectives of paragraph 1 above:

(a) The achievement and acceleration of sound self-sustaining economic development in the less developed countries through industrialization, diversification and the development of a highly productive agricultural sector;

(b) Measures for assisting the developing countries, at their request, to establish well-conceived and integrated country plans-including, where appropriate, land reform-which will serve to mobilize internal resources and to utilize resources offered by foreign sources on both a bilateral and a multilateral basis for progress towards self-sustained growth;

(c) Measures to improve the use of international institutions and instrumentalities for furthering economic and social development; (d) Measures to accelerate the elimination of illiteracy, hunger and disease, which seriously affect the productivity of the people of the less developed countries;

(e) The need to adopt new measures, and to improve existing measures, for further promoting education in general and vocational and technical training in the developing countries with the co-operation, where appropriate, of the specialized agencies and States which can provide assistance in these fields, and for training competent national personnel in the fields of public administration, education, engineering, health and agronomy;

(f) The intensification of research and demonstration as well as other efforts to exploit scientific and technological potentialities of high promise for accelerating economic and social development; (g) Ways and means of finding and furthering effective solutions in the field of trade in manufactures as well as in primary commodities, bearing in mind, in particular, the need to increase the foreign exchange earnings of the under-developed countries;

(h) The need to review facilities for the collection, collation, analysis and dissemination of statistical and other information required for charting economic and social development and for providing a constant measurement of progress towards the objectives of the Decade;

(i) The utilization of resources released by disarmament for the purpose of economic and social development, in particular of the under-developed countries;

(j) The ways in which the United Nations can stimulate and support realization of the objectives of the Decade through the combined efforts of national and international institutions, both public and private;

5. Further requests the Secretary-General to consult Member

States, at their request, on the application of such measures in their respective development plans;

6. Invites the Economic and Social Council to accelerate its examination of, and decision on, principles of international economic co-operation directed towards the improvement of world economic relations and the stimulation of international co-operation;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to present his proposals for such a programme to the Economic and Social Council at its thirty-fourth session for its consideration and appropriate action;

8. Invites the Economic and Social Council to transmit the Secretary-General's recommendations, together with its views and its report on actions undertaken thereon, to States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies and to the General Assembly at its seventeenth session.

47. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT DECADE-A PROGRAM FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION (II): Resolution 1715 (XVI), Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 19, 1961 34

The General Assembly,

Having designated the United Nations Development Decade, in its resolution 1710 (XVI) of 19 December 1961,35 as a period of intensified co-operation among all peoples on behalf of those living in the less developed countries,

Convinced that the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance and the Special Fund can play an increasingly important role in this major international effort,

Recognizing the necessity of making the fullest possible use of the available financial resources of the Special Fund,

1. Calls upon States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies to review their contributions to the support of the work of the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance and the Special Fund so that the combined budgets for these two organs in the year 1962 may reach the target of $150 million;

2. Requests the Special Fund, following consultations with participating Governments but not later than June 1962, to consider the desirability of establishing a service to provide developing countries, upon request, with information and guidance concerning the policies, rules, regulations and practices of existing and future sources of development capital and assistance necessary to enable the less developed countries to determine for themselves the most appropriate sources to which they may turn for assistance as needed.

Ibid., Sixteenth Session, Supplement No. 17 (A/5100), p. 23. This resolution, sponsored by the representatives of 15 member states (including the U.S.), was adopted by a vote of 89 to 0, with 9 abstentions.

35 Supra.

48. GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTIONS PLEDGED TO THE UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL FUND AND THE EXPANDED PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR 1962 36

Country

Afghanistan
Albania

Argentina

(As of December 31, 1961, in U.S. dollars)

96, 386

260, 000

115, 663 750, 000 170,000

10,000

10, 000

Denmark

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

El Salvador

1, 158, 245

5,000 40, 000 2, 000 29,000 200, 000

1, 071, 919

6, 076

4,880, 000
42, 000
30, 000

69, 444 1,737, 368

20, 000 7, 700 20, 000 100,000 1,852, 555

6, 076

2, 620, 000

99, 224

30, 000

8,000

12, 000

60, 000

2, 800

This table is a composite of two tables appearing in the Yearbook of the United Nations, 1961, pp. 199-200 and 207.

37 The United States has pledged a contribution of $60 million to the Special Fund and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance, subject to the condition that the contribution would not exceed 40 per cent of the total government contributions to each of the two operations. The amount listed represents matching by the United States of the contributions pledged by Governments to the Special Fund and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. note adapted from source text.]

[Foot

G. Human Rights

49. PROVISIONS OF A DRAFT COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, Agreed to in Committee III of the U.N. General Assembly, October 19-November 14, 1961 1

Article 192

1. Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference.

1

2. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.

3. The exercise of the rights provided for in the foregoing paragraph carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but these shall be such only as are provided by law and are necessary, (1) for respect of the rights or reputations of others, (2) for the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals.

Article 20

The right of peaceful assembly shall be recognized. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those imposed in conformity with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.

Article 21

1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests. 2. No restrictions may be placed on the exercise of this right other than those prescribed by law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection. of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. This article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on members of the armed forces and of the police in their exercise of this right.

3. Nothing in this article shall authorize States Parties to the International Labour Convention of 1948 on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize" to take legislative measures which would prejudice, or to apply the law in such a manner as to prejudice, the guarantees provided for in that Convention.

'Yearbook of the United Nations, 1961, pp. 292-299. For the text of the preamble and first 14 arts. of the draft covenant approved in Committee III through the 14th session of the General Assembly, see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959, pp. 143–146. For the text of arts. 15-18, approved at the 15th session, see ibid., 1960, pp. 99–100.

'The text of art. 19 was adopted in Committee III by a vote of 82 (including the U.S.) to 1, with 7 abstentions, taken Oct. 19, 1961.

The text of art. 20 was adopted in Committee III by a vote of 67 (including the U.S.) to 0, taken Oct. 26, 1961.

"The text of art. 21 was adopted in Committee III by a vote of 74 (including the U.S.) to 0, with 2 abstentions, taken Oct. 31, 1961.

68 UNTS 17. The United States has not ratified the convention.

Doc. 49