SECTION 1.-GENERAL

(A.) DICTIONARIES.

A VALUABLE list, with critical remarks, was published for the Philological Society in 1865, entitled 'Chronological Notices of the Dictionaries of the English Language. By Henry B. Wheatley, Esq.' From this publication most of the following titles have been taken, but in an abridged form. Mr Wheatley gives the titles in full, and adds several useful remarks upon the scope and history of each book, Some additions have been made to Mr Wheatley's list, so as to include such works as Cotgrave's French Dictionary. The reason for giving the titles of these books is that many of them include provincial words; and those of early date, such as Palsgrave's French Dictionary and the like, include words concerning which other information cannot easily be obtained.

Promptorium Parvulorum. Latin-English. MS. Harl. 221, British Museum. About A.D. 1440. On this text is founded Mr Way's edition. See Norfolk.

Dictionarium Anglo-Latinum. MS. Addit. 15562.

About A.D.

1450. Sir F. Madden supposed this to be a copy of the Catholicon; see below.

Catholicon Anglicum. MS. belonging to Lord Monson. Dated A.D. 1483. Used by Mr Way in illustration of the Promptorium Parvulorum. See Norfolk.

Catholicon of Jacobus Januensis; MS. O. 5. 4, Trinity College, Cambridge.

Mr Aldis Wright has transcribed such words from this Latin dictionary as have English explanations; and the list will be printed in a new edition of Mr Thomas Wright's Vocabularies.

Ortus Vocabulorum, alphabetico ordine, &c. (Latin-English Dictionary.) Folio. London (pr. by Wynkyn de Worde), 1500.

later editions, 1508, 1509, 1511, 1514, 1516, 1518; pr. by R. Pynson, 1539. See Prompt. Parv. ed. Way, p. xxi.

Vulgaria. By WILLIAM HORMAN. 4to. London (pr. by R. Pynson),

1519.

later ed. (pr. by W. de Worde) 1530.

A Shorte Dictionarie. By J. WITHALS. Imprinted in the late house of William Caxton (by Wynkyn de Worde). [London, n.d.]

An English-Latin Vocabulary, which went through a large number of editions. It was reprinted by Berthelet in 1554, 1556, and 1559; by Wykes in 1566 and 1568; and by Purfoot in 1572, 1581, 1586, 1594, 1599, and 1616. In some editions the name of Withals does not appear; thus the edition of 1581 bears only the name of Lewis Evans.

Lesclarcissement de la Langue Francoyse, compose par Maistre JEHAN PALSGRAVE Angloys, natyf de Londres, et gradue de Paris. Anno verbi incarnati 1530.

4to.

Dictionary (Latin and English). By Sir THOMAS ELYOT, Knt. Fol. London (pr. by Berthelet), 1538.

later editions; fol. 1541, 1545, 1548; improved by Thos. Cooper, 1532; further improved, 1552; the third time improved, 1559, 1565, 1573, 1578, 1584.

A Dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe, moche necessary to all suche Welshemen as wil spedly lerne the englyshe tongue. . . wherevnto is prefixed a litle treatyse of the englyshe pronunciation of the letters. By WYLLYAM SALESBURY. Small 4to. London, 1547.

See Ellis's Early English Pronunciation, c. viii. p. 768, for an account of this book. A later edition appeared in 1551.

Abecedarium Anglico-Latinum, pro Tyrunculis RICHARDO HULETO exscriptore. Londini, ex officina Gulielmi Riddel. Anno MDLII. [1552] Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum. Folio.

(second edition, much enlarged). Huloets Dictionarie, newelye corrected, amended, set in order and enlarged, &c. By JOHN HIGGINS. Folio. London (pr. by T. Marsh), 1572.

Manipulus Vocabulorum . . . Gathered and set forth by P. LEVINS. 77 leaves. London, 1570.

4to.

Reprinted for the Philological Society and the Early English Text Society, and edited by H. B. Wheatley. 8vo. Ib. 1867.

An Alvearie or Triple Dictionarie, in Englishe, Latin, and French. By JOHN BARET. Folio. [London, 1573.]

An Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionarie, containing four sundrie tongues; namelie, English, Latine, Greeke, and French, newlie enriched with varietie of Wordes, Phrases, Prouerbs, and diuers lightsome obseruations of Grammar. Folio. [Ib. 1580.]

Florio his first Fruites; which yeelde familiar Speech, merie Prouerbes, wittie Sentences, and golden Sayings. Also a perfect introduction to the Italian and English Tongues. 4to. London, 1578. (Later ed. 1591.)

ibliotheca Hispanica, containing a Grammar, with a Dictionarie in Spanish, English, and Latine, gathered_out_of_divers good authors. By RIC. PERCYUALL, Gent. 4to. London, J. Jackson, 1591.

Florios second Frutes. To which is annexed his Garden of Recreation yeelding six thousand Italian Prouerbs. 4to. London, 1591. Florio's Queen Anna's new World of Words, or Dictionarie of the Italian and English Tongues. Folio. London, 1611. (First edition, 1595 or 1597; later editions, 1598, 1611, 1659.)

A Dictionarie, French and English. By CLAUDIUS HOLLYBAND. 4to. London, 1593.

Synonymorum Sylva olim a SIMONE PELEGROMIO collecta . . . . in Anglicanum transfusa. . . per H. F., &c. [An English-Latin Dictionary.] 8vo. London, 1609.

Earlier editions, 1580, 1598 (16mo.); later editions, 1612, 1632.

A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues. By RANDLE COTGRAVE. Fol. London, 1611.

whereunto is annexed a most copious dictionarie of the English set before the French. By ROBERT SHERWOOD. Fol. Ib. 1632.

wherunto are added sundry Animadversions, &c., by JAMES HOWELL. Fol. Ib. 1650. Later editions, 1660 and 1673.

An English Expositor: teaching the interpretation of the hardest words used in our Language, with sundry explications, descriptions, and discourses. By I[OHN] B[ULLOKAR], Doctor of Physicke. Sm. 8vo. London, 1616.

Later and revised editions appeared in 1621, 1641, 1656, 1676, 1680, 1684; the fifth, sixth, and seventh editions were printed at Cambridge. Still later appeared a twelfth edition (London, 1719), and a thirteenth edition (Dublin, 1726), both revised by R. Browne.

'Hyeμov eis Taç yλwooas, id est, Ductor in Linguas... The Guide into the Tongues. With their agreement and consent one with another, as also their Etymologies, in these 11 languages, viz. 1. English, 2. British or Welsh, 3. Low Dutch, 4. High Dutch, 5. French, 6. Italian, 7. Spanish, 8. Portuguez, 9. Latine, 10. Greeke, 11. Hebrew, &c. Also the Exposition of the Termes of the Lawes of this land. . . By JOHN MINSHEU. Folio. London, 1617.

(second edition, revised). Folio. Ib. 1626.

Vocabularium Hispanico-Latinum et Anglicum copiosissimum. (A Spanish-English Dictionary.) By JOHN MINSHEU. Fol. London,

1617.

Generally found (says Lowndes) at the end of Minsheu's Ductor in Linguas. The English Dictionarie: or an Interpreter of hard English words. . . . By H[ENRY] C[OCKERAM], Gent. Small 8vo. London, 1623.

second edition, revised and enlarged, 1626; third, 1631; fourth, 1632; fifth, 1637; sixth, 1639; seventh, 1642; ninth, 1650; later editions, 1655 and 1659.

"The second booke containes the vulgar words.. I have also inserted even the mocke-words which are ridiculously used," &c.-Preface. Mr Wheatley notes that there is not much variation in the various editions.

Glossarium Archaiologicum. By SIR H. SPELMAN. Fol. London, [1626].

This edition contains only half the work, from A to L.

(completed) fol. Ib. 1664.

(best edition) fol. Ib. 1687.

The Gate of Tongues unlocked and opened, or else a Seminarie or Seed-plot of all Tongues and Sciences. By JOHN ANCHORAN. 8vo. London, 1631.

later editions, 1633 (?), 1639.

Glossographia: or a Dictionary interpreting all such hard words.. as are now used in our refined English Tongue. [By THOMAS BLOUNT.] 8vo. London, 1656.

second edition, enlarged; ib. 1661; third, 1650; fourth, 1674; fifth, 1681. Folio edition, enlarged by W. Nelson, 1717.

The New World of Words; or a Universal English Dictionary.. By E[DWARD] P[HILLIPS]. Folio. London, 1658.

...

later edition, 1662; fourth edition, 1678; fifth, 1696; sixth, much improved by John Kersey, 1706. A tract was written to expose some errors in this work, by Thomas Blount (folio, London, 1673), entitled “A World of Errors discovered in the New World of Words," &c.

Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ. ... Auctore STEPHANO SKINNER, M.D. Folio. London, 1671.

*An English Dictionary, explaining the difficult terms that are used in Divinity, Husbandry, Physick, Phylosophy, Law, Navigation, Mathematicks, and other Arts and Sciences. . . By ELISHA] COLES. 8vo. London, 1676.

other editions, 1677, 1684, 1708 (all much alike); newly corrected and much improved. Ib. 1732. The author includes words and phrases belonging to the VARIOUS DIALECTS, as also slang words.

*Gazophylacium Anglicanum: containing the derivation of English words, proper and common, &c. [Anonymous.] 8vo. London, 1689.

A new English Dictionary, shewing the etymological derivation of the English Tongue, &c. [A second edition of the foregoing.] 8vo. Ib. 1691.

Contains some Lincolnshire words, perhaps taken from Skinner.

A new English Dictionary: or a compleat collection of the most proper and significant words, commonly used in the language; with a short and clear Exposition of Difficult Words and Terms of Art... By J. K. London, 1702.

second edition, revised and improved; ib. 1713. (Mr Wheatley thinks that J. K. does not mean John Kersey, as some suppose; since Kersey's dictionary, bearing his name, appeared in 1708, between the first and second editions of this work.)

COCKER'S English Dictionary: interpreting the most refined and difficult words in Divinity, Philosophy, Law, Physick, Mathematicks,

Husbandry, Mechanicks, &c. Perused and published from the Authors correct copy, by JOHN HAWKINS. 8vo. London, 1704.

second edition, enlarged and altered; ib. 1715; third, 1724. (The author was the celebrated arithmetician.)

Glossographia Anglicana Nova; or a Dictionary interpreting such hard words as are at present used in the English Tongue. also the Terms of Divinity, Law... Agriculture, &c. [Anonymous.] 8vo. London, 1707.

second edition, with the addition of above 3000 words; ib. 1719. "The work is full of technical words."—H. B. W. *Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum: or a General English Dictionary; comprehending a brief, but emphatical and clear explication of all sorts of difficult words. . . . By JOHN KERSEY. 8vo. London, 1708.

Almost exclusively a dictionary of hard words, several of which are provincial English. A second edition appeared in 1715; a third, in 1721.

*An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: comprehending the derivations of the generality of words in the English tongue... together with a large collection and explication of Words and Phrases us'd in our ancient Statutes, &c. . . . also the Dialects of our different Counties. . . to which is added, a Collection of our most common Proverbs, with their Explication and Illustration. By N. BAILEY, pilóλoyos. 8vo. London, 1721.

...

The second edition, with large additions; ib. 1724.
The third edition; ib. 1726.

The fourth edition; ib. 1728.

The sixth edition, 1733; seventh, 1735; eighth, 1737; thirteenth, 1747; seventeenth, 1757; twentieth, 1764; two-and-twentieth, 1770; four-and-twentieth, carefully enlarged and corrected by E. Harwood, D.D. Ib. 1782.

Bailey generally marks the county to which each provincialism belongs, which greatly adds to the value of his book. This Dictionary is a totally different work from the two next mentioned, and is the one of the three which is likely to prove of most service to the E. D. S.

The Universal Etymological English Dictionary, in two parts. Containing I. an additional collection (1) of some thousands of words not in the first volume... (2) of a considerable number of terms of Art, &c. . . (3) of proper names of Persons and Places in Great Britain.. (4) the Theogony, Theology, and Mythology of the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, &c. . . . II. an Orthographical Dictionary, shewing both the Orthography and Orthoepia of the English Tongue, &c. Vol. II. By N. Bailey, pióλoyos. 8vo. London, T. Cox, 1727.

The second edition, with many additions; ib. 1731. (The title-page is a good deal altered, and the two parts are in one; but it is marked "Vol. H." as before. All the editions contain wood-cuts; by which this work can be at once distinguished from the former.)

The third edition, with many additions; ib. 1737.

Dictionarium Britannicum; or a more Compleat Universal Etymological English Dictionary than any extant... Collected by several hands. Revised, &c. by N. BAILEY, piλóλoyos. Folio. London, T. Cox, 1730.