The Manners and Customs of Westmoreland, and the adjoining parts of Cumberland, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. By a literary antiquarian [JOHN GOUGH]. To which is added, Lines from a Poem entitled 'Westmeria.' 2nd ed. 12mo, pp. 48. Kendal, J. Hudson, 1847.

The provincialisms noticed are very few. The first edition is dated Kendal, 1827. The author was John Gough, Esq., of Middleshaw, near Kendal; and the work first appeared in parts, in the Westmoreland Advertiser, April 18 to July 4, 1812.

The Doctor. [By ROBERT SOUTHEY.] Vol. 7, post 8vo. London, 1847. (See pp. 78-94.)

1 vol, 8vo. Ib., 1848; later ed. 1853.

Contains T' Terrible Knitters e' Dent.' The work appeared anonymously. The story was told by Betty Yewdale of the Hacket, in Little Langdale, to Miss Sarah Hutchinson and Mrs Warter.

The Folk Speech of Cumberland and some districts adjacent. By ALEX. CRAIG GIBSON. (For full title see Cumberland List, pp. 40, 41. It contains another dialect narrative taken from the lips of Betty Yewdale, with some account of her at pp. 82-88.)

T' Election at Appleby. By DANIAL DOBBIN. A single sheet. 1854. T' Westmorland 'Sizes; Appleby agen Kendal. By MARDALE FELL HEED. A single sheet. Appleby, n. d.

The Song of Solomon in the Westmorland Dialect. By the Rev. JOHN RICHARDSON, M.A., Head Master of Appleby School. [London, 1858.]

Only 250 copies printed for H. H. Prince L. Lucien Bonaparte.

Legends of Westmorland and other Poems: with Notes. By ANTHONY WHITEHEAD, Reagill. Small 8vo, pp. 48. Appleby; Printed by William Barnes, 1859.

Tommy Woker's Account of 'T' Reysh Beearin,' red ta sum Kendal fwoak Jeny. 20, 1863, by the Rev. THOS. CLARKE. 12mo. Kendal, T. Atkinson, 1863.

This piece first appeared in the Westmoreland Gazette, Jan. 20, 1862 (1863); and has been often reprinted. See below.

Specimens of the Westmorland dialect. By the Rev. THOS. CLARKE. Reprinted from the Westmorland Gazette.' Also, T' Terrible Knitters e' Dent; by ROBT. SOUTHEY. Reprinted from 'The Doctor.' Pp. 24. Kendal, T. Atkinson, 1865.

- Another ed. 12mo. Ib., Atkinson and Pollitt, 1867. Specimens of the Westmorland Dialect: consisting of T' Reysh Bearin, and Jonny Shippard's Journa ta Lunnan. By the Rev. THOMAS CLARKE. Reprinted from the Westmorland Gazette (Jan. 1863). Jimmy Green at Brough Hill Fair. By W. BowNESS. From a series of Sketches in the Westmorland Dialect. Also, T' Terrible Knitters e' Dent. By ROBERT SOUTHEY. Reprinted, by permission, from The Doctor. 12mo, pp. 32. Kendal, Atkinson and Pollitt, 1868. *Specimens of the Westmorland Dialect. By the Rev. THOS.

CLARKE, Rector of Ormside; WILLIAM BOWNESS, Esq.; and ROBERT SOUTHEY, Esq., LL.D. 12mo, pp. 52. Kendal, Atkinson and Pollitt, 1872.

Contents.-T' Reysh Beearin.-Jonny Shippard's Jurna ta Lunnan.-Jonny Shippard et Heeam.-Jimmy Green at Brough Hill Fair.-T' Terrible Knitters e' Dent. The three first are by Clarke, the fourth by Bowness, and the last by Southey.

The Lonsdale Magazine. Edited by JOHN BRIGGS. 3 vols, 8vo. Published at Kirkby Lonsdale and Kendal, 1820-1822; contains a few specimens of Cumberland and Westmoreland dialects. Quarterly Review. 8vo. London, John Murray. Vol. 122, pp. 347-381, contains an Article on Westmorland, in which some remarks are made on the dialect.

Rustic Studies, in the Westmorland Dialect; with other Scraps from the Sketch Book of An Artist. [By W. BowNESS.] 12mo. London, Whittaker & Co. Kendal, J. Wilson, 1868. Introduction and Contents, pp. ix.; Rustic Studies, pp. 1-87; Scraps, &c., pp. 88-145. Most of the dialect pieces originally appeared in the Kendal Mercury. A MS. Glossary of North-Country Words. By the Rev. JOHN HODGSON, Vicar of Hartburn, a native of Swindale, Westmorland, and The Historian of Northumberland.'

'I cannot refrain from expressing an opinion, that the publication of this volume by a judicious hand, imperfect though it be, would be well received, especially in the northern counties of England. It affords much curious local information in illustration of the words which it contains, and is something of a very different character from any compilation of a similar kind with which I am acquainted.'-Life of John Hodgson, by the Rev. Jas. Raine, Sen. ;. vol. ii. p. 442.

Note.-See also the List for Yorkshire, under the title of West Riding, North-west border.'

Wiltshire. Chronicon Vilodunense, sive de Vita et Miraculis Sanctæ Edithæ Regis Edgari Filiæ; Carmen Vetus Anglicum; e codice unico Cottoniano in Museo Britannico asservato nunc demum in lucem editum, curâ GULIELMI HENRICI BLACK, sumptibus Ricardi Colt Hoare. Londoni, typis Nicholsianis; centum exemplaria impressa, MDCCCXXX.

A Poem in the Old Wiltshire dialect, supposed to have been written about 1420 by one of the chaplains of Wilton Abbey. See the Editor's Preface and Glossarial Notes.

Specimens of the provincial dialect of South Wiltshire; in the Monthly Magazine, Sept. 1, 1814; p. 114.

Beauties of Wiltshire. By JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A., &c. Vol. iii. (published separately from the two first). London, 1825.

Contains, at pp. 369-380, a List of the Provincial Words of Wiltshire and the adjoining counties.

*A Glossary of Provincial Words and Phrases in use in Wiltshire. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN. 12mo, pp. x. and 60. London, J. R. Smith, 1842.

Springtide; or the Angler and his Friends. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN. 12mo, pp. xv. and 192. London, Bentley, 1850.

These Dialogues incidentally illustrate the Dialect of the West of England, especially of Wiltshire.

Wiltshire Tales; illustrative of the Manners, Customs, and Dialect of that and adjoining Counties. By J. Y. AKERMAN. 12mo, pp. vi. and 179. London, J. R. Smith, 1853.

A short Letter written by 'A Poor Wurken Man' appeared in the Devizes Advertizer of July 19, 1860; dated from Rotn Ro, Vizes Green, 16 July.' 24 copies of it were reprinted by H. H. Prince L. Lucien Bonaparte. It occupies only 1 page.

The Song of Solomon in the Wiltshire Dialect, as it is spoken in the Northern Division. By EDWARD KITE. [London, 1861.] Only 250 copies printed for H. H. Prince L. Lucien Bonaparte.

Worcestershire.-The British, Roman, and Saxon Antiquities and Folk-Lore of Worcestershire. By JABEZ ALLIES. 2nd ed., 8vo, pp. xvi. and 496. London, J. H. Parker; Worcester, J. Grainger, 1852. The Folk-lore occupies pp. 409–470.

Notes and Queries for Worcestershire.

By JOHN NOAKE. Post

Svo, pp. xxiii. and 329. London, Longmans, 1856.

Has a few remarks on Folk-lore.

Notes of quaint Words and Sayings in the Dialect of S. Worcester shire. By A. PORSON, M.A. Price 6d. London, Parker, 1875.

Yorkshire. The following list of works illustrating the various dialects of Yorkshire (commencing on p. 109) was compiled by Mr C. C. Robinson, who has also added some remarks on the dialectal literature of the county.

YORKSHIRE.

NOTE ON THE DIALECTAL LITERATURE OF THE COUNTY. BY MR C. C. ROBINSON.

CONSIDERABLE as a list may appear, there is really but a small stock of dialectal literature pertaining to the county. That which has been done, of recent years, in the way of opening out the resources of localities, rich in their old and varying forms of speech, has had a certain effect, as seen in the springing up of those annual publications for which almanac' is a convenient name. Yet the printers have never been inclined to favour this local speech as a medium of popular sentiment. What is, in varied character, wealth to the antiquary, means but poverty to the country tradesman. It is not to be wondered at that, in respect to this form of dialect literature, the neighbouring county of Lancaster offers a marked contrast. There, the manufacturing people are most, and have not been dropped among the fastnesses of hills to become isolated populations, as they of south-west Yorkshire have. Lancashire is, too, dependent, as Yorkshire is not, on one staple article of manufacture for her prosperity. Want must pinch, and hard times come about the soonest to such an aggregate population, and, quite as naturally, must a homely dialect be made the vehicle of sentiment among so many. In prose literature there is but little in any Yorkshire phase, apart from what these almanacs contain, which is, as a rule, any il-spelt absurdity that will cover space. But what little there is may be regarded as having a peculiar value. The written speech of Yorkshire has not worn itself into any groove, as has come to pass in the bordering county, (and it may be assumed that there are points of difference even with regard to south Lancashire dialect), and in most of these fugitive local publications the varying phase of the vernacular is perceptible at a glance. It even now and then occurs that the refined and vulgar forms of one phase of dialect are rendered so distinctly by respective writers, that a person who was unfamiliar with the spoken speech would not know the illustrative purpose of the one composition to be identical with that of the other.

It may serve a useful purpose to complete the list as far as possible by noting, in this place, the various old and better known compositions which are local in their language. Relative to some of these, a few remarks have been ventured in referring them more strictly than has yet been done to their localities. In con

cluding, it has seemed well to give the titles of the various stock pieces which have had so long a period of circulation. The less important, but the most in number, of these meritable compositions cannot now have their authorship traced, so long have they been neglected.

To note first, then, the literary relics of Northumbrian AngloSaxon which are of recognised local character. Neither in the Durham Gospels or Ritual is a phase of dialect apparent; nor is there now any local character in that of the Rushworth Glosses (St Mark, Luke, and John), which, dating from the end of the ninth century, were written at Harewood, a village about eight miles north of Leeds. Nor can the Ruthwell Runes be appreciated at a glance. There is but one line of the Beda to catch the eye, and

• Efter deothdaege

does so at once. The North-riding form would be Efter dêothdae, all the vowels being heard in the last compound. In GLOSSIC [Eft'ur di'h'thde h'], palaeotype (Efter di' thdee'). The dialect of Chaucer's Aleyn and Johan, of Langstrothdale, is of the same rural type, but of a much more noticeable character. I can only note the existence of the Harleian MSS., 1022 and 5396, in which authorities recognise our northern dialect. In the metrical translation of Grosthead's Chasteau d'Amour, entitled 'The Myrour of lewed men,' (small 4to, vellum, pp. 53, 15th cent.,-MS. Egerton 927), by a 'Munk of Sallay,' there is broad Yorkshire dialect, of a distinct character-that now spoken in the rural west (immediately north-west of Leeds). Among the Thornton MSS., the various miscellaneous treatises of Rolle (date about 1440) have their dialect in this same phase of the rural west. The dialect of Doncaster, in the southwest, the place associated with the name of this writer, has now every point of difference, not being distinguishable from the Leeds dialect in pronunciation. The dialect of the old plays, known as the Towneley Mysteries, dating from the 15th century, is in some contrast with that of Rolle. His is of the existing pure rural type, but that of the Mysteries has a weighty element of town forms. It is true that these are none of the broadest, but at the same time it occurs to one that broad forms may have been naturally suppressed, in the way they would be now if it was necessary to make a literary medium of the dialect. It is no argument (may I venture to add), that because old writers employ the rural type broadly, town-dialect would be employed after the same manner; for it needs but some familiarity with the