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BROWNSON, D. A., JOHNSON, R. S. and CANDELISE, A. 'A progress report on ManAirOx-manifold air oxidation of exhaust gas', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962. CANNON, W. A. and WELLING, C. E. 'The application of vanadiaalumina catalysts for the oxidation of exhaust hydrocarbons', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1959.

CANNON, W. A. and WELLING, C. E. 'Catalytic oxidation of automotive exhausts, laboratory evaluation of catalysts', Ind. and Eng. Chem. Product Research and Development, 1962 1, 152. CAPLAN, J. D. 'The automobile manufacturers vehicle emissions research program', J. Air Pollution Control Ass., in press, 1963. CASTROP, V. J., STEPHENS, J. F. and PATTY, F. A. 'A comparison of carbon monoxide concentrations in Detroit and Los Angeles', Amer. ind. Hyg. Ass. Quart. September 1955 16.

CHANDLER, J. M. 'Control of motor vehicle emissions', Nat. Conf. Air Pollution, Washington, D.C. December 1962. CHANDLER, J. M. 'Extent to which available control techniques have been utilized by industry-automobiles', Proc. Nat. Conf. Air Pollution 1959 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.).

CHANDLER, J. M., SMITH, A. M. and STRUCK, J. H. 'Development of the concept of non-flame exhaust gas reactors', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962.

CHANDLER, J. M. ET AL. 'Engine variables and their effects on exhaust gas composition', J. Air Pollution Control Ass. 1955 5, 62.

CLAYTON, G. D., ARNOLD, J. R. and PATTY, F. A.

'Determination

of sources of particulate atmospheric carbon', Science 1955 122, 751.

D'ALLEVA, B. A. and LOVELL, W. G. 'Relation of exhaust gas composition to air-fuel ratio', J. Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. 1936 38, 90.

DANIEL, W. A. 'Flame quenching at the walls of an internal combustion engine', Sixth int. Symp. Combustion 1957, 886 (Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, Chapman and Hall, Ltd, London).

DANIEL, W. A. and WENTWORTH, J. T. 'Exhaust gas hydrocarbons-Genesis and Exodus', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962. DAVIS, D. L. and ONISHI, G. E. 'Catalytic converter development problems', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962.

DIETRICH, H. H. ET AL. Automotive exhaust hydrocarbon reduction during deceleration by induction system devices', Trans. Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. 1958 66, 389. ELLIOTT, M. A., NEBEL, G. J. and ROUNDS, F. G. 'The composition of exhaust gases from diesel, gasoline, and propane powered motor coaches', J. Air Pollution Control Ass. 1955 5, 103.

FAGLEY, W. S., SINK, M. V. and HEINEN, C. M. 'Maintenance and the automobile exhaust', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1959. FAGLEY, W. S., SINK, M. V. and HEINEN, C. M. 'Maintenance and the automobile exhaust-second report', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962.

FITZGERALD, G. R. and LEWIS, D. B. "The A.C. Dual Action crankcase ventilation system', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1963. FOWLER, D. G. ET AL. 'Development of a test procedure for measurement of carbon monoxide in automobile passenger compartments', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957.

GLASSON, W. A. and TUESDAY, C. S. "The atmospheric photooxidation of nitric oxide', Amer. chem. Soc. National Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey September 1962. GLASSON, W. A. and TUESDAY, C. S. 'The atmospheric thermal oxidation of nitric oxide', Amer. chem. Soc. National Meeting, Los Angeles, California March 1963. HAGEN, D. F. and HOLIDAY, G. W. The effects of engine operating and design variables on exhaust emissions', Sec. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962.

HAMMOND, D. L. 'A proportionate gas sampler', Instrum. Soc. Amer. National Meeting, New York October 1962. HEATON, W. B. and WENTWORTH, J. T. 'Exhaust gas analysis by gas chromatography combined with infrared detection', Anal. Chem. 1959 31, 349.

HEINEN, C. M. 'Automobile exhaust gas-the program of the automobile industry', Proc. Amer. Petrol. Inst. 1957 37 (III), 192.

HEINEN, C. M. 'Some health and safety aspects of the automotive exhaust study program', Second Highway Safety Res. Conf., Washington, D.C. April 1954.

HEINEN, C. M. Thermal considerations in exhaust emissions control systems', Soc. automot. Engri, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962. HEINEN, C. M. Transportation sources of air pollution-the automobile', Proc. nat. Conf. Air Pollution 1959 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.). HILL, E. F., CANNON, W. A. and WELLING, C. E. Single cylinder engine testing of hydrocarbon oxidation catalysts', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957. HOMFELD, M. F., JOHNSON, R. S. and KOLBE, W. H. The General Motors catalytic converter', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962. JACKSON, M. W. Analysis for exhaust gas hydrocarbons-nondispersive infrared versus flame ionization', Instrum. Soc. Amer. National Meeting, New York October 1962. JACKSON, M. W., WENTWORTH, J. T. and WIESE, W. M. "The influence of air-fuel ratio, spark timing, and combustion chamber deposits on exhaust hydrocarbon emission', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detrai, Michigan March 1962. MCEWEN, D. J. Temperature-programmed columns in gas chromatography, comparison of packed and capillary columns for the analysis of dilute hydrocarbon gas mixtures', Amer. chem. Soc. National Meeting, Los Angeles, California March 1963.

MILLAR, G. H. and STAHMAN, R. C. 'Engine air-flow measurements as an aid to automotive exhaust analysis', J. Arr Pollution Control Ass. May 1956.

NEBEL, G. J. ET AL. 'Automobile exhaust gas treatment-an industry report', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957. NEBEL, G. J. and JACKSON, M. W. 'Some factors affecting the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in exhaust gases from spark ignition engines', J. Air Pollution Control Ass 1958 8, 213. NEERMAN, J. C. and MILLAR, G. H. 'Determination of hydrocarbon emission rate by continuous air flow measurement and exhaust analysis', Soc. automot. Engri, N.Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957. ROUNDS, F. G., BENNETT, P. A. and NEBEL, G. J. 'Some effects of engine-fuel variables on exhaust-gas hydrocarbon content', Trans. Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. 1955 63, 591. ROUNDS, F. G. and PEARSALL, H. W. 'Diesel exhaust odor-its evaluation and relation to exhaust gas composition', Trans. Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. 1957 65, 608. SCHALDENBRAND, H. and STRUCK, J. H. Development and

evaluation of automobile exhaust catalytic converter systems', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Mectiv Detroit, Michigan March 1962.

SCHNABEL, J. W., YINGST, J. E., HEINEN, C. M. and FAGLEY, W. S. 'Development of flame type afterburner', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962. SMITH, A. M. and STRUCK, J. H. 'A simplified method for characterizing a motor vehicle's exhaust emissions', J. Air Pollution Control Ass. 1961 11, 251. TEAGUE, D. M., SINK, M. V. and FAGLEY, W. S. 'Instrumentation for automotive exhaust gas analysis', Instrum. Soc. Amer. National Meeting, New York October 1962.

TEAGUE, D. M. ET AL. 'Los Angeles traffic pattern survey', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957.

TUESDAY, C. S. The atmospheric photooxidation of olefins: the effect of nitrogen oxides', Arch. Environmental Health, in press, 1963.

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TWISS, S. B. 'Application of infrared spectroscopy to exhaust gas analysis', J. Air Pollution Control Ass. 1955 5, 75. VANDERVEER, R. T. and CHANDLER, J. M. "The development of a catalytic converter for the oxidation of exhaust hydrocarbons', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1959.

VANDERVEER, R. T., DENNIS, R. L., JENKS, J. D. and SMITH, S. B. 'An integrator for determining the total emission of automotive exhaust gas components', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957. VANDERVEER, R. T. and HITTLER, D. L. 'The American Motors crankcase to air cleaner engine ventilation system', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1963.

VANDERVEER, R. T. and HITTLER, D. L. 'Exhaust gas device testing-road or chassis dynamometer?' Soc. automot. Engri, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March

1962.

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Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit,
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automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1958.

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WIESE, W. M., TEMPLIN, R. J. and KLINE, P. C. 'A device to reduce exhaust hydrocarbons during deceleration', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan March 1962.

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From the Co-ordinating Research Council(Jointly Sponsored by the Society of Automotive Engineers and the American Petroleum Institute)

CHANDLER, J. M. 'Effects of engine-operating variables on the composition of automotive exhaust gases', Twenty-third Mid-year Meeting, Amer. Petrol. Inst., Los Angeles, California May 1958.

HUNTER, H. C. 'Diesel smoke measurement (Progress report of the Smokemeter Group of the Diesel Fuels Division, Coordinating Fuel and Equipment Research Committee, CRC)', Trans. Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. 1956 64, 680. HURN, R. W., HUGHES, K. J. and CHASE, J. O. 'Application of gas chromatography to analysis of exhaust gas', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1958.

STURGIS, B. M. Grab sampling and analysis techniques for engine exhaust gas', Soc. automot. Engrs, N. Y. National Meeting, Seattle, Washington August 1957. STURGIS, B. M., BILLER, W. F., BOZEK, J. W. and SMITH, S. B. "The application of continuous infrared instruments to the analysis of exhaust gas', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1958. WAY, G. and FAGLEY, W. S. 'Field survey of exhaust gas composition', Soc. automot. Engrs, N.Y. National Meeting, Detroit, Michigan January 1958.

MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES

REPORT OF VISIT TO CHRYSLER CORP. RESEARCH FACILITIES

ROOM NO. 1-SOUTH SHAKE

This trip arrived at Chrysler Corp.'s engineering office at 1:45 p.m. The passengers were driven to the south shake room where a vehicle equipped with the cleaner air package components was shown to the visitors. As can be seen from figure 1, the components were identified on the vehicle. A board showing the individual components affected was also available for the inspection of the visitors. This can be seen in figure 1 as well.

Mounted on easels were three schematics which showed the operation of the cleaner air package. These are included in the booklet on this subject which was distributed to all the visitors and which is attached to this report. In addition, two charts showing relative cost figures of various systems, as published in the APCA Journal, were shown to the visitors to illustrate the type of cost considerations involved in evaluating various systems for exhaust control. These are included as figures 2 and 3.

Finally, the point was made that if vehicles were allowed to operate without good maintenance so that they are either overrich or have exceptionally high hydrocarbons due to electrical failures, the amount of material to be burned by exhaust devices is such that serious temperature problems occur. This chart is reproduced as figure 4.

In another section of the room excerpts from Chrysler Corp. training film for maintenance of the engine and cleaner air package components were shown. The point was made that approximately the same maintenance now recommended for all Chrysler vehicles would be required to keep vehicles equipped with the cleaner air package at the levels for which it was approved in California.

ROOM NO. 2-ELECTRONIC HIGHWAY

A vehicle equipped with the cleaner air package was mounted on the elec tronic highway in position to operate through a California cycle run. It was instrumented with nondispersive infrared channels for the determination of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (fig. 5). In addition, an oscilloscope was connected to the engine and an analyzer to evaluate car body vibration was mounted on the sill of the car.

Four demonstrations were made as follows:

1. One spark plug misfire, as shown by the oscilloscope, produced hydrocarbon emissions roughly six times those allowable by California standards. This indicated the importance of good maintenance of the electriccal system.

2. A plugged crankcase ventilator valve increased the carbon monoxide determinations to roughly three times as high as allowed by California standards. This illustrates the importance of good maintenance of the induction system.

3. A portion of the California cycle was then run. This was primarily for the information of the visitors who were not thoroughly acquainted with the technique.

4. The sensitivity of the vibration analyzer was demonstrated and it was illustrated that engine operation under cleaner air package conditions does not cause undesirable vibration periods. It was shown that the levels of vibration necessary for good idle conditions are of a very low order of magnitude.

ROOM NO. 3--MULTIPLE CYLINDER DYNAMOMETER

This room was equipped with all of the usual dynamometer controls plus nondispersive analytical equipment and an oxygen analyzer. In addition, a torque meter for investigating the effect on torque of distribution rates to the various cylinders was being used. The equipment is shown in figure 6.

The primary study being conducted in this room was the effect of manifolding on distribution. The importance of completely balanced distribution on exhaust control was shown.

ROOM NO. 4-SINGLE CYLINDER DYNAMOMETER

Studies of such factors as combustion chamber configuration, the spark plug location, valve location, etc. are best studied on single cylinders. The instrumentation was very similar to that shown in the previous room, but the objectives of the study were directed toward the factors listed above, rather than distribution. The need for designing engines specifically for good exhaust control was stressed in this room. The design parameters were determined by experiments of this type. The equipment used in this room is shown in figure 7.

ROOM NO. 5-GAS TURBINE BUILDUP

Chrysler Corp. is not only reviewing possible modifications of existing types of vehicles for air pollution improvement but has also considered alternate power systems with favorable exhaust emission properties. One such type is the gas turbine. The visitors were shown a turbine engine in the process of buildup (fig. 8).

The tour concluded at 2:30 p.m. The visitors were supplied a packet containing information relative to Chrysler engineering, the cleaner air package and some technical papers that illustrated points made during the visit.

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ESTIMATE OF COSTS OF CONTROL DEVICES ON
NEW CARS IN DOLLARS TO CUSTOMERS

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