should receive additional feed in proportion to such excess time.

§ 89.2 Two or more feedings at same

station.

When livestock are held at a feeding station 12 hours after the last previous feed has been substantially consumed, they should again be fed the ration prescribed by § 89.1 (a) for that station: Provided, however, That they may be held without such feeding for a period longer than 12 hours if the time they are so held, added to the time required to reach the next feeding station or destination, whichever is closer, would not ordinarily exceed 40 hours.

§ 89.3 Feeding, watering, and resting livestock in the car.

(a) Livestock should be unloaded into pens of the character described in § 89.5 (a) for feeding, watering, and resting, unless there is ample room in the car for all of the animals to lie down at the same time.

(b) If livestock are watered in the car, adequate facilities should be provided and ample water furnished to insure all the animals an opportunity to drink their fill. In the case of hogs, water should be available for not less than 1 hour.

(c) Livestock unloaded for feed and water and returned to the car for rest should be allowed to remain in the pens not less than 2 hours.

(d) Livestock unloaded for water and returned to the car for feed and rest should be allowed to remain in the pens not less than 1 hour.

(e) When livestock are fed in the car, the feed should be evenly distributed throughout the car.

§ 89.4 Watering.

Livestock should be furnished an ample supply of potable water. Water treated with chemicals for industrial or boiler use, or taken from streams or ponds containing sewage, mud, or other objectionable matter should not be used. Troughs and other receptacles should be clean. In cold weather, the water should be free from ice.

§ 89.5 Feeding pens.

(a) Stock pens and other enclosures for feeding, watering, and resting livestock in transit should have (1) sufficient space for all of the livestock to lie down at the same time, (2) properly designed facilities for feeding and watering the livestock, (3) reasonably well-drained, clean, and safe floors of concrete, cinders, gravel, hard-packed earth, or other suitable material, and (4) suitable protection from weather reasonably to be expected in the region in which the pens are located.

(b) Care should be taken to protect livestock unloaded en route at a point having marked difference in temperature from that at the point from which they were shipped.

91.31 Cleaning and disinfecting vessels, fittings, utensils, and equipment.

AUTHORITY: The provisions of this Part 91 issued under secs. 4, 5, 23 Stat. 32, as amended, sec. 1, 32 Stat. 791, as amended, sec. 10, 26 Stat. 417, sec. 1, 26 Stat. 833, as amended, 34 Stat. 1263, 41 Stat. 241, secs. 2, 3, 11, 76 Stat. 129, 130, 132; 21 U.S.C. 80-82, 86, 96, 105, 112, 113, 120, 121, 134a, 134b, 134f, 46 U.S.C. 466a; 19 F.R. 74, as amended.

SOURCE: The provisions of this Part 91 appear at 28 F.R. 5968, June 13, 1963; 31 F.R. 81, Jan. 5, 1966, unless otherwise noted.

(f) Horses. Horses, mules, and asses. (g) Roofing paper. Any saturated roofing paper of a grade known to the trade as 30-pound roofing paper.

(h) Stanchion. Post or other fixed upright support.

(i) Official vaccinate. A bovine animal vaccinated against brucellosis from four through eight months of age, or a bovine animal of a beef breed in a range or semi-range area, vaccinated against brucellosis from four to twelve months of age, under the supervision of a Federal or State veterinary official with a vaccine approved by the Animal Health Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; permanently identified as such a vaccinate; and reported at the time of vaccination to the appropriate State and Federal Agency cooperating in the eradication of brucellosis.

(j) Accredited veterinarian. A veterinarian approved by the Department to perform the function involved.

(a) The following ports are hereby designated as ports of export. All animals shall be exported through said ports or through ports designated under paragraph (b) of this section.

(1) Air and ocean ports. Portland, Maine; Boston, Massachusetts; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; Newport News and Norfolk, Virginia; Miami, Jacksonville, Port Everglades, Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida; Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans, Louisiana; Galveston and Houston, Texas; San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco, California; Portland, Oregon; Seattle and Tacoma, Washington.

(2) Mexican border ports. Brownsville, Hidalgo, Rio Grande, Roma, Laredo, Eagle Pass, Del Rio and El Paso, Texas; Douglas, Naco and Nogales, Arizona; and Calexico and San Ysidro, California.

(3) Canadian border ports. All ports along the United States-Canada land border at which the Health of Animals Division of the Canadian Department of Agriculture maintains veterinary inspection service.

(b) In special cases other ports may be designated by the Director of Division with the concurrence of the Bureau of Customs.

§ 91.4 Inspection, testing and certification at origin.

(a) All animals intended for exportation to a foreign country shall be accompanied from the State of origin to the port of export by a certificate of health issued by a Department veterinarian, a State veterinarian, or an accredited veterinarian, certifying that the animals were inspected in the State of origin and found to be free from evidence of communicable disease and exposure thereto, and that they have been tested in the manner prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, if they are of a class required by said paragraph to be so tested: Provided, however, That the Director of Division may waive such inspection and certification with respect to horses and may waive the tuberculin and brucellosis tests referred to in paragraph (b), when he finds such action may be taken without endangering the livestock export trade of the United States. Certificates

accompanying animals to the port of export shall show proper identification of the animals in the shipment with respect to breed, sex, and age and, when applicable, shall also show registration name, registration number, tattoo markings, tag number, or other natural or acquired markings, and shall be endorsed by the veterinarian in charge of Animal Health Division field activities of the Department in the State of origin of the animals, or by another Department veterinarian so authorized by the Director of Division.

(b) Diagnostic tests for dairy and breeding cattle: (1) Tuberculin test. Unless such test is waived under paragraph (a) of this section, all dairy and breeding cattle intended for exportation to a foreign country shall be accompanied from the State of origin to the port of export by a certificate, issued and endorsed as provided in said paragraph (a), certifying that each of the animals passed a negative test for tuberculosis applied by a Department veterinarian, a State veterinarian, or an accredited veterinarian, within thirty days prior to the date of movement from the State of origin: Provided, however, That calves born after said tuberculin test of the dam will not be required to be so tested or certified.

(2) Brucellosis test. Unless such test is waived under paragraph (a) of this section, all dairy and breeding cattle more than six months of age, except official vaccinates under thirty months of age, intended for exportation to a foreign country shall be accompanied from the State of origin to the port of export by a certificate, issued and endorsed as provided in said paragraph (a), certifying that each of the animals passed a negative test for brucellosis made in laboratory approved for the purpose by the Director of Division within thirty days prior to date of movement from the State of origin.

animals from the port of export, shall contain a statement to that effect: Provided, however, That inspection and certification at the port of export shall not be required in the case of animals offered for exportation to Mexico or to Canada through ports along the United States land borders designated in § 91.3, if the certificates required under § 91.4 were issued or endorsed by a Department veterinarian, specifically authorized by the Director of Division for the purpose, in compliance with procedures of inspection specified by the Division to guard against the dissemination of disease to such countries.

§ 91.7

If

Rest and inspection before embarkation.

(a) No animals shall be loaded upon a vessel for exportation until they have been allowed at least 5 hours' actual rest in suitable quarters at the port of embarkation: Provided, however, That such period of rest will not be required if the animals were transported thereto in cars in which there was opportunity to rest and proper feed and water were provided, or when the animals are to be stowed in box stalls aboard ship.

(b) All animals shall remain at the port of export a sufficient length of time and under conditions to afford proper inspection during daylight. The place of detention for rest and inspection shall be subject to approval of the inspector. Movement of animals from the holding yards, pens, or stables to the transporting vessel, and their loading, storing, and tying, shall be accomplished in a manner satisfactory to the inspector.

§ 91.8

Accommodations for humane treatment of animals on vessels. Owners or masters of vessels carrying animals from the United States to a foreign country shall provide for such animals feed and water, space, ventilation, fittings, and other facilities as set forth in this part: Provided, however, That shipments of animals to points in nearby countries involving not more than 72 hours in transit shall be subject only to such requirements as to space, ventilation, fittings, feed, and water supply as the Director of Division shall prescribe. Such owners or masters shall not accept for transportation any animal that in the judgment of the inspector is in an unfit condition to withstand the rigors of such transportation.

§ 91.9 Headropes and halters.

Halters, ropes, or other suitable equipment satisfactory to the inspector shall be provided for the handling and tying of horses and cattle.

Except as specified in § 91.8, space on vessels for the various species of animals shall be as follows:

(a) Horses. Space for horses shall be not less than 6 feet 3 inches from roof or beams overhead to floor underfoot and shall be at least 8 feet in depth, except that upon approval of the inspector stalls 7 feet deep may be allowed for medium-sized horses. Single stalls shall be not less than 22 feet wide. Not less than 20 square feet shall be allowed for each horse loose in pen, and for every large horse there shall be at least 27 square feet.

(1) Subject to the approval of the inspector as many as four horses, or as many as seven horses weighing not more than 500 pounds each, may be shipped in pens not less than 10 by 8 feet in size. Mares in foal and stallions, however, shall be shipped only in separate stalls, which shall be not less than 8 feet deep by 3 feet wide and for mares due to foal en route shall be not less than 8 feet deep by 5 feet wide and readily accessible.

(2) Extra stalls suitably located shall be provided in each compartment or on decks where horses are carried so that adequate hospital space can be made available for any that become sick or disabled aboard ship. The number of such stalls shall be as follows: One for the first 4 to 10 horses shipped, another for any number in excess of 10 up to and

including 25, and still another for each additional 25 horses or fraction thereof.

(b) Cattle. Space for cattle shall be not less than 8 feet in depth and 6 feet from roof or beams overhead to flooring underfoot, except that where floors are raised over pipes and similar obstructions a height of not less than 5 feet 6 inches may be permitted at the discretion of the inspector. No more than four cattle weighing over 850 pounds each shall be shipped in each pen, except at the ends of rows, where five may be allowed together. In such pens there shall be at least 20 square feet of space for each animal. When any such pen includes stanchions, sounding tubes, ventilators, and other obstructions, there shall be not less than 24 square feet of free space for each animal.

(1) Single stalls for cattle shall be not less than 8 feet in depth by 3 feet in width, and larger stalls shall be provided when required by the inspector for cows in advanced pregnancy and for large dairy or breeding cattle. Cows in advanced pregnancy and bulls shall be shipped only in separate stalls. For cows that are due to calve en route, the stalls or pens shall be not less than 5 by 8 feet in size and so located as to be easily accessible.

(2) Calves and yearlings may be stowed at the discretion of the inspector.

(c) Sheep, goats, and swine. Space for these animals shall be not less than 3 feet in height. For each animal the space provided shall be at least 1 foot greater in length and breadth than the animal itself, with a 50-percent increase for animals in advanced pregnancy. Double-deck pens shall not exceed 20 x 8 feet in size. Lambs, kids, and pigs may be stowed at the discretion of the inspector. § 91.11

Crates and portable stalls.

Animals may be carried in crates or portable stalls which meet the space requirements of § 91.10 and are so constructed as to afford comfort and security. All crates and portable stalls shall be equipped for the feeding and watering of the animals carried therein, and when placed on exposed decks the roofs of same shall conform with the requirements of § 91.22. Crates and portable stalls shall be subject in all cases to the approval of the inspector at the port of embarkation.

(a) Hatches above animals shall be kept clear at all times, no feed for the animals or freight of any kind being placed thereon.

(b) Animals may be placed on hatches on exposed decks, but the pens or stalls shall be lashed down securely to the satisfaction of the inspector.

(c) Animals may be placed on hatches on underdecks provided the height requirements of § 91.10 can be complied with, but sufficient space shall be left clear on such hatches for passageway across ship and for brow.

(d) On all hatches on which animals are carried and under which hay and feed are stowed, sufficient space shall be left clear for the proper removal and handling of such hay and feed. Such hatches shall be watertight.

Alleyways running fore and aft that are used for feeding, watering, and loading animals, including horses in box stalls, shall have a minimum width of 3 feet, but when horses are stowed in other than box stalls the minimum width of alleyways shall be 4 feet: Provided, however, That for a distance not to exceed 12 feet at the end of alleyways in bow and stern of ship, and where obstructions less than 3 feet in length occur, the width may be reduced to a minimum of 18 inches. A sufficient number of athwartship alleyways at least 18 inches in width in the clear shall be provided to afford ready access to scuppers and to ends of alleyways running fore and aft except that on exposed decks where scuppers and the ends of fore and aft alleyways are readily accessible athwartship alleyways may be dispensed with. § 91.20 Stanchions.

Stanchions shall be provided for all stalls and pens for horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and swine. Metal stanchions will be acceptable if equal in strength and security as provided in this section for wooden stanchions.

(a) Horses and cattle. Rail stanchions shall be of not less than 4" x 6" lumber set 5 feet apart on centers secured to ship's rail or bulwark with 5%"