The Administrative Office of the United States Courts was created by act of Congress approved August 7, 1939 (53 Stat. 1223; 28 U. S. C. 601). The Office was established November 6, 1939. The Director and the Deputy Director are appointed by the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Director is the administrative officer of the United States courts (except the Supreme Court). Under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States he is required to:

1. Supervise all administrative matters relating to the offices of clerks and other clerical and administrative personnel of the courts.

2. Examine the state of the dockets of the courts; secure information as to the courts' need of assistance; prepare and transmit quarterly to the chief judges of the circuits statistical data and reports as to the business of the

courts.

3. Submit to the annual meeting of the Judicial Conference of the United States, at least 2 weeks prior thereto, a report of the activities of the Administrative Office and the state of the business of the courts, together with the required statistical data submitted to the chief judges of the circuits, and the Director's recommendations, which report, data, and recommendations shall be public documents.

4. Submit to Congress and the Attorney General copies of the report, data, and recommendations, as required.

5. Fix the compensation of clerks of court, deputies, librarians, and other

ROWLAND F. KIRKS.

WILLIAM E. FOLEY. WILLIAM R. SWEENEY. JOSEPH F. SPANIOL, JR.

employees of the courts whose compensation is not otherwise fixed by law.

6. Determine and pay necessary office expenses of courts, judges, and those court officials whose expenses are by law allowable, and the lawful fees of United States commissioners. [The Federal Magistrates Act (82 Stat. 1107; 28 U.S.C. 631), provides for the replacement of the United States Commissioner System by the new system of full-time and part-time United States magistrates. The provisions of law relating to United States commissioners continue in effect in each judicial district until the date the first United States magistrate is appointed in that judicial district, or the third anniversary of enactment of the act, whichever date is earlier.]

7. Regulate and pay annuities to widows and surviving dependent children of judges and necessary travel and subsistence expenses incurred by judges, court officers and employees, and officers and employees of the Administrative Office, while absent from their official stations on official business.

8. Disburse, directly or through the several United States marshals, moneys appropriated for the maintenance and operation of the courts.

9. Purchase, exchange, transfer, distribute, and assign the custody of law books, equipment, and supplies needed for the maintenance and operation of the courts and the Administrative Office and the offices of United States commissioners and United States magistrates.

10. Audit vouchers and accounts of

the courts and their clerical and administrative personnel.

11. Provide accommodations for the courts and their clerical and administrative personnel.

12. Perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Supreme Court or the Judicial Conference of the United States.

The Director is also responsible for the preparation and submission of the budget of the courts, except the budget of the Supreme Court.

The Administrative Office exercises general supervision of the accounts and practices of the Federal probation officers, subject to the primary control by the respective district courts which they serve. The Office publishes quarterly, in cooperation with the Bureau of Prisons of the Department of Justice, a magazine entitled "Federal Probation," which is a journal "of correctional philosophy and practice."

Through the Bankruptcy Division, the Administrative Office, subject to the immediate control of the district courts, is charged with the responsibility of supervising the administration of the Bankruptcy Act by all officers

of the bankruptcy courts, including the referees in bankruptcy.

Under the Federal Magistrates Act approved October 17, 1968 (82 Stat. 1107), the Director of the Administrative Office, under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference, will exercise general supervision of the administrative matters of offices of United States magistrates, and compile and evaluate statistical and other information relating to such offices and submit reports thereon to the Conference. The Director reports annually to Congress on the business which has come before United States magistrates. The act provides for a survey to be conducted by the Administrative Office, within 1 year of enactment, of the conditions in the judicial districts in order to make recommendations as to the number, location, and salaries of magistrates.

For further information, contact the Director, Administrative Office of the United States Courts, United States Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. 20544. Phone, 202-393-1640.

United States, and the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, who is a permanent member of the Board.

The Board is authorized to appoint and fix the duties of a Director of the Federal Judicial Center, who serves at the pleasure of the Board. The Director appoints such staff assistants, both professional and secretarial-clerical, as the Board may deem necessary, and supervises their activities.

PURPOSE. The purpose of the Federal Judicial Center is to further the development and adoption of improved judicial administration in the courts of the United States.

FUNCTIONS. The Center has the following basic functions:

1. To conduct research and study of the operation of the courts of the United States, and to stimulate and coordinate such research and study on the part of other public and private persons and agencies;

2. To develop and present for con

sideration by the Judicial Conference of the United States recommendations for improvement of the administration and management of the courts of the United States;

3. To stimulate, create, develop, and conduct programs of continuing education and training for judges and personnel of the judicial branch of the Government; and to study and determine ways in which automatic data processing and systems procedures may be applied to the administration of the courts; and

4. Insofar as consistent with the performance of the other functions set forth above, to provide staff, research, and planning assistance to the Judicial Conference and its committees.

For further information, contact the Professional Assistant, Federal Judicial Center, Dolley Madison House, 1520 H Street NW., Washington, D.C. 20005. Phone, 202-393-1640.

The President of the United States

on any matter concerning which he wishes such advice (pursuant to Article II, section 2, of the Constitution).

The Cabinet is composed of the heads of the eleven executive departments the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and the Secretary of Transportation. Certain other of ficials of the executive branch have been accorded Cabinet rank. The Vice President participates in all Cabinet meetings. Others are invited from time to time for discussion of particular subjects. The Cabinet Secretary is designated to provide for orderly handling and followup of matters brought be

Under authority of the Reorganization Act of 1939 (53 Stat. 561; 5

1 Organization chart on page 611.

U. S. C. 133-133r, 133t note), various agencies were transferred to the