2.1.7 Barometer.-To measure pheric pressure to ± 0.1 in Hg.

atmos

2.2 Measurement of stack conditions (stack pressure, temperature, moisture and velocity)-2.2.1 Pitot tube.-Type S, or equivalent, with a coefficient within 5 percent over the working range.

2.2.2 Differential pressure gauge.-Inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure velocity head to within 10 percent of the minimum value.

2.2.3 Temperature gage.-Any temperature measuring device to measure stack temperature to within 5° F.

2.2.4 Pressure gage.-Pilot tube and inclined manometer, or equivalent, to measure stack pressure to within 0.1 in Hg.

2.2.5 Moisture determination.-Wet and dry bulb thermometers, drying tubes, condensers, or equivalent, to determine stack gas moisture content to within 1 percent. 2.3 Sample recovery-2.3.1 Probe cleaning rod.-At least as long as probe. 2.3.2 Leakless glass sample bottles.-500 ml. 2.3.3

Graduated cylinder.-250 ml. 2.3.4 Plastic jar.-Approximately 300 ml. 2.4 Analysis-2.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.-To measure absorbance at 234.8 nm. Perkin Elmer Model 303, or equivalent, with N,O/acetylene burner.

2.4.2 Hot plate.

filter. In the analysis of the filter, the Whatman 41 filter should be included with the Millipore filter.

3.2.2 Silica gel.-Indicating type, 6 to 16 mesh, dried at 350° F for 2 hours. 3.2.3 Distilled and deionized water. 3.3 Sample recovery-3.3.1 Distilled and deionized water.

3.3.2 Acetone.-Reagent grade. 3.3.3 Wash acid.-1.1 V/V hydrochloric acid-water.

3.4 Analysis.-3.4.1 Sulfuric acid solution, 12 N.-Dilute 333 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 1 1 with distilled water.

3.4.2 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acidwater.

3.5 Standard beryllium solution-3.5.1 stock solution.-1 μg/ml beryllium. Dissolve 10 mg of beryllium in 80 ml of 12 N sulfuric acid solution and dilute to a volume of 1000 ml with distilled water. Dilute a 10 ml aliquot to 100 ml with 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid, giving a concentration of 1 μg/ml. This dilute stock solution should be prepared fresh daily. Equivalent strength (in beryllium) stock solutions may be prepared from beryllium salts as BeCl, and Be (NO3), (98 percent minimum purity).

4. Procedure. 4.1 Guidelines for source testing are detailed in the following sections. These guidelines are generally applicable; however, most sample sites differ to some degree and temporary alterations such as stack extensions or expansions often are required to insure the best possible sample site. Further, since beryllium is hazardous, care should be taken to minimize exposure. Finally, since the total quantity of beryllium to be collected is quite small, the test must be carefully conducted to prevent contamination or loss of sample.

4.2 Selection of a sampling site and minimum number of traverse points.

4.2.1 Select a suitable sampling site that is as close as practicable to the point of atmospheric emission. If possible, stacks smaller than 1 foot in diameter should not be sampled.

4.2.2 The sampling site should be at least 8 stack or duct diameters downstream and 2 diameters upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion or contraction. For a rectangular cross-section, determine an equivalent diameter from the following equation:

tical. When this is the case, choose a convenient sampling location and use figure 104-3 to determine the minimum number of traverse points. However, use figure 104-3 only for stacks 1 foot in diameter or larger.

4.2.5 To use figure 104-3, first measure the distance from the chosen sampling 10cation to the nearest upstream and downstream disturbances. Divide this distance by the diameter or equivalent diameter to determine the distance in terms of pipe diameters. Determine the corresponding number of traverse points for each distance from figure 104-3. Select the higher of the two numbers of traverse points, or a greater value, such that for circular stacks the number is a multiple of four, and for rectangular stacks the number follows the criteria of section 4.3.2.

4.2.6 If a selected sampling point is closer than 1 inch from the stack wall, adjust the location of that point to ensure that the sample is taken at least 1 inch away from the wall.

4.3 Cross-sectional layout and location of traverse points.

distilled water as a blank in the sample analysis. Set up the train and the probe as in figure 104-1.

4.5.2 Leak check the sampling train at the sampling site. The leakage rate should not be in excess of 1 percent of the desired sampling rate. If condensation in the probe or filter is a problem, probe and filter heaters will be required. Adjust the heaters to provide a temperature at or above the stack temperature. However, membrane filters such as the Millipore AA are limited to about 225° F. If the stack gas is in excess of about 200° F., consideration should be given to an alternate procedure such as moving the filter holder downstream of the first impinger to insure that the filter does not exceed its temperature limit. Place crushed ice around the impingers. Add more ice during the test to keep

PLANT LOCATION

OPERATOR

DATE

RUN NO.

SAMPLE BOX NO

METER BOX NO.

METER H

C FACTOR

the temperature of the gases leaving the last impinger at 70° F. or less.

4.6 Beryllium train operation.-4.6.1 For each run, record the data required on the example sheet shown in figure 104-6. Take readings at each sampling point at least every 5 minutes and when significant changes in stack conditions necessitate additional adjustments in flow rate.

4.6.2 Sample at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 ft./min. Samples shall be taken over such a period or periods as are necessary to accurately determine the maximum emissions which would occur in a 24-hour period. In the case of cyclic operations, sufficient tests shall be made so as to allow accurate determination or calculation of the emissions which will occur over the duration of the cycle. A minimum sample time of 2 hours is recommended.

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ASSUMED MOISTURE, % HEATER BOX SETTING PROBE LENGTH, m., NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. PROBE HEATER SETTING,

4.6.3 To begin sampling, position the nozzle at the first traverse point with the tip pointing directly into the gas stream. Immediately start the pump and adjust the flow to isokinetic conditions. Sample for at least 5 minutes at each traverse point; sampling time must be the same for each point. Maintain isokinetic sampling throughout the sampling period. Nomographs which aid in the rapid adjustment of the sampling rate without other computations are in APTD-0576 and are available from commercial suppliers. Note that standard monographs are applicable only for type S pitot tubes and air or a stack gas with an equivalent density. Contact EPA or the sampling train supplier for

instructions when the standard monograph is not applicable.

4.6.4 Turn off the pump at the conclusion of each run and record the final readings. Immediately remove the probe and nozzle from the stack and handle in accordance with the sample recovery process described in § 4.7.

4.7 Sample recovery.-4.7.1 (All glass storage bottles and the graduated cylinder must be precleaned as in § 4.5.1.) This operation should be performed in an area free of possible beryllium contamination. When the sampling train is moved, care must be exercised to prevent breakage and contamination.

4.7.2 Disconnect the probe from the impinger train. Remove the filter and any loose

particulate matter from the filter holder and place in a sample bottle. Place the contents (measured to ±1 ml) of the first three impingers into another sample bottle. Rinse the probe and all glassware between it and the back half of the third impinger with water and acetone, and add this to the latter sample bottle. Clean the probe with a brush or a long slender rod and cotton balls. Use acetone while cleaning. Add these to the sample bottle. Retain a sample of the water and acetone as a blank. The total amount of wash water and acetone used should be measured for accurate blank correction. Place the silica gel in the plastic jar. Seal and secure all sample containers for shipment. If an additional test is desired, the glassware can be carefully double rinsed with distilled water and reassembled. However, if the glassware is to be out of use more than 2 days, the initial acid wash procedure must be followed.

4.8 Analysis.

4.8.1 Apparatus preparation.-Clean all glassware according to the procedure of section 4.5.1. Adjust the instrument settings according to the instrument manual, using an absorption wavelength of 234.8 nm.

4.8.2 Sample preparation.-The digestion of beryllium samples is accomplished in part in concentrated perchloric acid. Caution: The analyst must insure that the sample is heated to light brown fumes after the initial nitric acid addition; otherwise, dangerous perchlorates may result from the subsequent perchloric acid digestion. Perchloric acid also should be used only under a perchloric acid hood.

4.8.2.1 Transfer the filter and any Toose particulate matter from the sample container to a 150 ml beaker. Add 35 ml concentrated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy all organic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid and 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then proceed with step 4.8.2.4.

4.8.2.2 Place a portion of the water and acetone sample into a 150 ml beaker and put on a hotplate. Add portions of the remainder as evaporation proceeds and evaporate to dryness. Cool the residue and add 35 ml concentrated nitric acid. Heat on a hotplate until light brown fumes are evident to destroy any organic matter. Cool to room temperature and add 5 ml concentrated sulfuric acid, and 5 ml concentrated perchloric acid. Then proceed with step 4.8.2.4.

4.8.2.3 Weigh the spent silica gel and report to the nearest gram.

4.8.2.4 Samples from 4.8.2.1 and 4.8.2.2 may be combined here for ease of analysis. Replace on a hotplate and evaporate to dryness in a perchloric acid hood. Cool and dissolve the residue in 10.0 ml of 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid. Samples are ready for the atomic absorption unit. The

beryllium concentration of the sample must be within the calibration range of the unit. If necessary, further dilution of sample with 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid must be performed to bring the sample within the calibration range.

4.8.3 Beryllium determination.—Analyze the samples prepared in 4.8.2 at 234.8 nm using a nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. Aluminum, silicon and other elements can interfere with this method if present in large quantities. Standard methods are available, however, to effectively eliminate these interferences (see Reference 5).

5.

5.1.1

Calibration-5.1 Sampling train.Use standard methods and equipment as detailed in APTD-0576 to calibrate the rate meter, pitot tube, dry gas meter and probe heater (if used). Recalibrate prior to each test series.

5.2 Analysis.-5.2.1 Standardization is made with the procedure as suggested by the manufacturer with standard beryllium solution. Standard solutions will be prepared from the stock solution by dilution with 25 percent V/V hydrochloric acid. The linearity of working range should be established with a series of standard solutions. If collected samples are out of the linear range, the samples should be diluted. Standards should be interspersed with the samples since the calibration can change slightly with time.

6. Calculations-6.1 Average dry gas meter temperature, stack temperature, stack pressure and average orifice pressure drop.-See data sheet (figure 104-6).

6.2 Dry gas volume.-Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to stack conditions by using equation 104-2. ΔΗ 13.6

Pbart

T

Vm.=VmTm

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