shall permit officers or employees duly designated by the Administrator, upon presenting appropriate credentials and a written notice to the manufacturer:

(1) To enter, at reasonable times, any premises used during the certification procedure for purposes of monitoring tests and service accumulation procedures, observing maintenance procedures, and verifying correlation or calibration of test equipment, or

(2) To inspect, at reasonable times, records, files, and papers compiled by such manufacturer in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section.

A separate notice shall be given for each such inspection, but a separate notice shall not be required for each entry made during the period covered by the inspection. Each such inspection shall be commenced and completed with reasonable promptness. § 85.873

Smoke exhaust emission standards for 1973 model year engines. (a) (1) The opacity of smoke emissions from new diesel engines subject to this subpart shall not exceed:

(i) 40 percent during the engine acceleration mode.

(ii) 20 percent during the engine lugging mode.

(2) The standards set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set forth in § 85.873-9 through § 85.873-18 and measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures.

(b) [Reserved] (c) [Reserved]

(d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the standards prescribed in this subpart shall, prior to taking any of the actions specified in section 203 (a) (1) of the Act, test or cause to be tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with test procedures prescribed in § 85.873-9 through § 85.873-18, to ascertain that such test engines meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. If, pursuant to § 85.873-30 (a), the Administrator issues a certificate of conformity for the class or classes of motor vehicle engines represented by such test engines, any motor vehicle engine which is in all material respects of substantially the same construction as such test engines shall be deemed to be in conformity with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.

§ 85.873-2 Application for certification.

(a) An application for a certificate of conformity to the regulations applicable to any new motor vehicle engine shall be made to the Administrator by the manufacturer.

(b) The application shall be in writing, signed by an authorized representative of the manufacturer, and shall include the following:

(1) Identification and description of the engines covered by the application and a description of their emission control systems.

(2) Projected U.S. sales data sufficient to enable the Administrator to select a test fleet representative of the engines for which certification is requested.

(3) A description of the test equipment and fuel proposed to be used.

(4) A description of the proposed service accumulation procedure for durability testing.

(5) A statement of recommended maintenance and procedures necessary to assure that the engines covered by a certificate of conformity in operation conform to the regulations, and a description of the program for training of personnel for such maintenance, and the equipment required.

(6) At the option of the manufacturer, the proposed composition of the emission data and durability data test fleet.

§ 85.873-3 Approval of procedure and equipment; test fleet selections.

Based upon the information provided in the application for certification, and any other information the Administrator may require, the Administrator will approve or disapprove in whole or in part the service accumulation procedure and equipment and fuel proposed by the manufacturer, and notify him in writing of such determination. Where any part of a proposal is disapproved, such notification will specify the reasons for disapproval. The Administrator will select a test fleet in accordance with § 85.873-5. § 85.873-4 Required data.

The manufacturer shall perform the tests required by the applicable test procedures, and submit to the Administrator the following information:

(a) Durability data on such engines tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures of this subpart, and in such numbers as therein specified, which will show the performance of the systems

installed on or incorporated in the engine for extended operation, as well as a record of all pertinent maintenance performed on the test engines.

(b) Emission data on such engines tested in accordance with the applicable emission test procedures of this subpart and in such numbers as therein specified, which will show their emissions after 0 hours and 125 hours of operation.

(c) A description of tests performed to ascertain compliance with the general standards in § 85.873-1 and the data derived from such tests.

(d) A statement that the test engines with respect to which data are submitted have been tested in accordance with the applicable test procedures, that they meet the requirement of such tests, and that, on the basis of such tests, they conform to the requirements of the regulations in this subpart. If such statements cannot be made with respect to any engine tested, the engine shall be identified, and all pertinent test data relating thereto shall be supplied.

§ 85.873-5 Test engines.

(a) The engines covered by the application for certification will be divided into engine families based upon the criteria outlined in § 85.073-5(a).

(b) Emission data engines:

(1) Engines will be chosen to be run for emission data based upon engine family groupings. Within each engine family, the requirements of this paragraph must be met.

(2) Engines of each engine family will be divided into groups based upon exhaust emission control system. Two engines of each engine-system combination shall be run for smoke emission data as prescribed in § 85.872-7(a). Within each combination, the engines that feature the highest fuel feed per stroke, primarily at the speed of maximum rated torque and secondarily at rated speed, will be selected. In the case where more than one engine in an engine-system combination have the highest fuel feed per stroke, the engine with the highest maximum rated torque will be selected. If there are military engines with higher fuel rates than other engines in the same engine-system combination, then two military engines with the highest fuel feed per stroke shall be also selected. (c) Durability data engines:

(1) One engine from each enginesystem combination shall be tested as

prescribed in § 85.872-7(b). Within each combination, the engine which features the highest fuel feed per stroke, primarily at rated speed and secondarily at the speed of maximum rated torque, will be selected for durability testing. In the case where more than one engine in an engine-system combination have the highest fuel feed per stroke, the engine with the highest maximum rated horsepower will be selected for durability testing. If an engine-system combination includes both military and nonmilitary engines, then the nonmilitary engine with the highest maximum rated horsepower will be selected for durability testing.

(2) A manufacturer may select to operate and test additional engines to represent any engine-system combination. The additional engines must be of the same model and fuel system as the engine selected in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (1) of this paragraph. Notice of an intent to test additional engines shall be given to the Administrator not later than 30 days following notification of the test fleet selection. Deterioration factors calculated for each engine-system combination shall be applied separately to military and nonmilitary engines within the same engine-system combination.

(d) Any manufacturer whose projected sales of new motor vehicle engines subject to this subpart for the 1973 model year is less than 200 engines may request a reduction in the number of test engines determined in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section. The Administrator may agree to such lesser number as he determines would meet the objectives of this procedure.

(e) In lieu of testing an emission data or durability data engine selected under paragraph (b) or (c) of this section and submitting data therefor, a manufacturer may, with the prior written approval of the Administrator, submit data on a similar engine for which certification has previously been obtained. § 85.873-6

Maintenance.

(a) (1) Maintenance on the engines and fuel systems of durability engines may be performed only under the following provisions:

(i) One major engine servicing to manufacturer's specifications may be performed at 500 hours (±8 hours) of dynamometer operation. A major engine

servicing shall be restricted to the following:

(a) Adjust low idle speed.

(b) Adjust valve lash if required.
(c) Adjust injector timing.
(d) Adjust governor.

(e) Clean and service injector tips. (ii) Injectors may be changed if a persistent misfire is detected.

(iii) Normal engine lubrication services (engine oil change and oil filter, fuel filter, and air filter servicing and adjustment of drive belt tension and engine bolt torque, as required) will be allowed at manufacturer's recommended intervals.

(iv) Readjustment of the engine fuel rates may be performed only if there is a problem of dropping below 95 percent of maximum rated horsepower at 95 to 100 percent rated speed.

(v) Leaks in the fuel system, engine lubrication system and cooling system may be repaired.

(vi) Engine low idle speed may be adjusted at the 125-hour test point.

(vii) Any other engine or fuel system maintenance or repair will be allowed only with the advance approval of the Administrator.

(2) Allowable maintenance on emission data engines shall be limited to the adjustment of engine low idle speed at the 125-hour test point, except that other maintenance or repair may be allowed with the advance approval of the Administrator.

(b) Complete emission tests (see § 85.873-10 through § 85.873-18) shall be run before and after any engine maintenance which may reasonably be expected to affect emissions. These test data shall be supplied to the Administrator immediately after the tests, along with a complete record of all pertinent maintenance, including an engineering report of any malfunction diagnosis and the corrective action taken. In addition, all test data and maintenance reports shall be compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with

§ 85.873-7 Service accumulation and emission measurements.

Service accumulation shall be accomplished by operation of an engine on a dynamometer.

(a) Emission data engines: Each engine shall be operated on a dynamometer for 125 hours with the dynamometer and engine adjusted so that the engine is operating at 95 to 100 percent of rated speed and at least 95 percent of maximum rated horsepower. During such operation, the engine shall be run at the exhaust back pressure specified in § 85.873-12(c) and the air inlet restriction specified in § 85.873-12(d) except that the tolerances shall be ±0.5 inches of Hg and 3 inches of water respectively. Exhaust smoke tests shall be conducted at zero and 125 hours of operation.

(b) Durability data engines: Each engine shall be operated on a dynamometer for 1,000 hours with the dynamometer and engine adjusted so that the engine is operating at 95 to 100 percent of rated speed and at least 95 percent of maximum rated horsepower. During such operation, the engine shall be run at the exhaust back pressure specified in § 85.873-12 (c) and the air inlet restriction specified in § 85.873-12 (d) except that the tolerance shall be ±0.5 inches of Hg and 3 inches of water respectively. Exhaust smoke measurements shall be made at zero hours and at each 125 hours of operation. All results except the zero hour results shall be used to establish the deterioration factors (see § 85.87319).

(c) All tests required by this subpart to be conducted after 125 hours of dynamometer operation or at any multiple of 125 hours may be conducted at any accumulated hours within 8 hours of 125 hours or the appropriate multiple of 125 hours, respectively.

(d) The results of each emission test shall be supplied to the Administrator immediately after the test. In addition all test data shall be compiled and provided to the Administrator in accordance with § 85.873-4.

(e) Whenever the manufacturer proposes to operate and test an engine which may be used for emission or durability data, he shall provide the zero hour test data to the Administrator and make the

engine available for such testing under § 85.873–29 as the Administrator may require before beginning to accumulate hours on the engine. Failure to comply with this requirement shall invalidate all test data submitted for this engine.

(f) Once a manufacturer begins to operate an emission data or durability data engine, as indicated by compliance with paragraph (e) of this section, he shall continue to run the engine to 125 hours or 1,000 hours, respectively, and the data from the engine shall be used in the calculations under § 85.873-19. Discontinuation of an engine shall be allowed only with the prior written consent of the Administrator.

§ 85.873-8 Special test procedures.

The Administrator may, on the basis of a written application therefor by a manufacturer, prescribe test procedures, other than those set forth in this subpart, for any motor vehicle engine which he determines is not susceptible to satisfactory testing by the procedures set forth herein.

§ 85.873-9 Test procedures.

The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the test program to determine the conformity of engines with the standards set forth in § 85.873-1.

(a) The test consists of a prescribed sequence of engine operating conditions on an engine dynamometer with continuous examination of the exhaust gases. The test is applicable equally to controlled engines equipped with means for preventing, controlling, or eliminating

Item

smoke emissions and to uncontrolled engines.

(b) The test is designed to determine the opacity of smoke in exhaust emissions during those engine operating conditions which tend to promote smoke from diesel-powered vehicles.

(c) The test procedure begins with a warm engine which is then run through preloading and preconditioning operations. After an idling period, the engine is operated through acceleration and lugging modes during which smoke emission measurements are made to compare with the standards. The engine is then returned to the idle condition and the acceleration and lugging modes are repeated. Three sequences of acceleration and lugging constitute the full set of operating conditions for smoke emission measurement.

(d) All emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor vehicle engine shall be functioning during all test procedures in this subpart. § 85.873-10 Diesel fuel specifications.

(a) The diesel fuels employed shall be clean and bright, with pour and cloud points adequate for operability. The fuels may contain nonmetallic additives as follows: cetane improver, metal deactivator, antioxidant, dehazer, antirust, pour depressant, dye, and dispersant.

(b) Fuel meeting the following specifications, or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, shall be used in exhaust emission testing. The grade of fuel recommended by the engine manufacturer, commercially designated as "Type 1-D" or "Type 2-D”, shall be used.

(d) The type fuel, including additive and other specifications, used under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall be reported in accordance with § 85.873-2(b) (3).

§ 85.873-11

Dynamometer

operation

cycle for smoke emission tests.

(a) The following sequence of operations shall be performed during engine dynamometer testing of smoke emissions, starting with the dynamometer preloading determined and the engine preconditioned (§ 85.873-16(c)).

(1) Idle mode. The engine is caused to idle for 5 to 5.5 minutes at the manufacturer's recommended low idle speed. The dynamometer controls shall be set to provide minimum load by turning the load switch to the "off" position or by adjusting the controls to the minimum load position.

(2) Acceleration mode. (i) The engine speed shall be increased to 200±50 r.p.m. above the manufacturer's recommended low idle speed within 3 seconds.

(ii) The engine shall be accelerated at full-throttle against the inertia of the engine and dynamometer or alternately against a preselected dynamometer load such that the engine speed reaches 85 to 90 percent of rated speed in 5±1.5 seconds.

(ii) When the engine reaches the speed required in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph, the throttle shall be moved rapidly to the closed position and the preselected load required to perform the acceleration in subdivision (iv) of this subparagraph shall be applied. The engine speed shall be reduced to the speed of maximum rated torque or 60 percent of rated speed (whichever is higher), within ±50 r.p.m. Smoke emissions during this transitional mode are not used in determining smoke emissions to compare with the standard.

selected dynamometer load such that the engine speed reaches 95 to 100 percent of rated speed in 10±2 seconds.

(3) Lugging mode. (i) Proceeding from the acceleration mode, the dynamometer controls shall be adjusted to permit the engine to develop maximum horsepower at rated speed. Smoke emissions during this transitional mode are not used in determining smoke emissions to compare with the standard.

(ii) Without changing the throttle position, the dynamometer controls shall be adjusted gradually to slow the engine to the speed of maximum torque or to 60 percent of rated speed, whichever is higher. This engine lugging operation shall be performed smoothly over a period of 35±5 seconds. The rate of slowing of the engine shall be linear, within +100 r.p.m.

(4) Engine unloading. After completion of the lugging mode in subparagraph (3) (ii) of this paragraph, the dynamometer and engine shall be returned to the idle condition described in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph.

(b) The procedures described in paragraph (a) (1) through (4) of this section shall be repeated until the entire cycle has been run three times.

§ 85.873-12 Dynamometer and engine equipment.

The following equipment shall be used for smoke emission testing of engines on engine dynamometers.

(a) An engine dynamometer with adequate characteristics to perform the test cycle described in § 85.873-10.

(b) An engine cooling system having sufficient capacity to maintain the engine at normal operating temperatures during conduct of the prescribed engine tests.

(c) A noninsulated exhaust system extending 12±2 feet from the exhaust manifold of the engine and presenting an exhaust back pressure within ±0.2 inches Hg. of the upper limit at maximum rated