on duty and off duty at various universities in procurement subjects and other related business subjects. We have availed ourselves of many opportunities to provide this kind of training. During 1957, 465 civilian procurement personnel attended courses at various colleges and universities in such subjects as contract administration, Government property and procurement, contracts and negotiable instruments, and pricing and distribution. Included in this total of 465 is training at the University of Toledo which provides specialized and intensive courses in specific technical areas required by the procurement team. These include a 3-week course in contract pricing, 2-week courses in contract placement and administration, and preaward surveys, and a 1-week course in contract price analysis. The fifth source of procurement training is the military school sys tem. The second chart depicts the various types of courses conducted in this system. The objective of officer education is to develop military professionals. There are two levels of career courses qualifying an officer for duty in his basic branch-a company level and an advanced level. These are the career courses shown here. Each of these career courses contains varying amounts of procurement instruction, geared to the requirements of a particular technical service. This instruction is on the fundamental level and serves to initiate officers in the supply field where they will later move on to develop into accomplished logisticians. It should be noted that no attempt is made in the Military Academy to specialize the cadets in any field although a general appreciation of procurement is included in their course in economics of national security. The next group of courses containing procurement instruction is the specialized courses in supply areas conducted by the technical service schools and by the Army Logistics Management Center. The technical service schools provide such courses as the quartermaster subsistence technology course, the petroleum products supply officers course, the hospital administration course, and the medical supply officers course. The procurement instruction of these courses is of the fundamental level. On the advanced level, the Army supply management course, the purpose of which is to train the Army's top supply managers, contains about 20 percent procurement instruction and many of the senior officers and civilians from the field of procurement attend this course. Next, there are courses devoted exclusively to procurement matters. On the fundamental level, the Quartermaster School at Fort Lee, Va., operates a 3-week station procurement course for the training of post, camp, and station purchasing and contracting officers. In the more advanced areas, the Judge Advocate General's School at Charlottesville operates procurement law courses attended by legal personnel of the three military departments exhaustively covering the procurement law field. The Army Logistics Management Center conducts an 8-week procurement management course which graduated 350 military and civilian personnel during the fiscal year 1958, and a 1week specifications course which graduated 250 in fiscal year 1958. Finally, there is the extension program which I have mentioned in part previously. This includes the correspondence courses of the military schools and the Army Logistics Management Center, which I indicated in the earlier chart. In this connection I would like to touch on the two examples of efforts being made to improve our training as mentioned by Secretary Johnson in his opening remarks yesterday. As the first example, the United States Army Logistics Management Center provides to groups of procurement personnel, texts, instructor notes, and case histories of actual problems in procurement. These groups study the material and analyze the problems in a group discussion which is recorded on tapes. These tapes are mailed back to the center where the faculty critiques the discussion and advises the group of the results. As the second example, the center has established a reading service which sends out lists of new books on supply subjects to installations all over the world and, in fact, furnishes copies of these books on loan to the interested people who cannot obtain them locally. This program has just commenced in the last few months and the library has already received over 400 requests for books. In summary, then, we are maintaining both military and civilian logistics programs to staff the procurement work force. In order to make these programs effective, we are conducting a system of procurement training at the fundamental, advanced, and refresher levels, which has exposed large numbers of personnel each year to varying amounts of procurement education, with some 1,100 to 1,200 of these receiving advanced professional education in procurement. It has not been possible for me to discuss more than the highlights of the program. Details concerning the specific courses, the instruction material used, the instructor qualification, numbers of personnel trained, and costs, are being presented for the record as exhibit B, which I will turn over to you. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. (Exhibit B is as follows:) EXHIBIT B REPORT ON DEPARTMENT OF ARMY TRAINING PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE TRAINING OF MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PROCUREMENT PERSONNEL The Department of the Army has prepared the attached statements to provide the committee with specific details on the methods and organization of the Army's programs to provide procurement training for its military and civilian personnel. SECTION I. CAREER PROGRAMS Both military and civilian personnel make up the procurement team. Each contributes differently to accomplishment of our mission. The military members of the team provide breadth of professional military education and experience and depth of knowledge in logistics, including the procurement function. The civilian members complement this with breadth of knowledge in the procurement function and, in addition, provide the necessary continuity and depth of knowledge of the specific commodity. We depend on our military and civilian career programs to produce and maintain competency of our personnel. These programs differ from each other to the extent necessary to achieve the kind of competency we expect from each member of the procurement team. From the officer we expect broad military competence, specialized logistics knowledge and sufficient ability to direct and manage the Army's procurement activity. From the civilian we expect breadth of knowledge of the procurement function and highly specialized capability in the aspects of procurement peculiar to the commodity. Since training is part of an overall career program designed to develop our military and civilian personnel with the qualifications required for procurement planning and operations, a brief description of these programs will provide a clearer understanding of the scope and content of our training activities. A. MILITARY CAREER PROGRAMS No attempt is made in the Military Academy to specialize the cadets in any field, although a general appreciation of procurement is included in their course, economics of national security. The initial stages of the military career programs are designed to develop officers who are qualified to perform all the duties of their branches of service. The first several years of an officer's service are spent in schools and duty assignments which will qualify him to perform these duties. After about 10 years' service, many officers, by inclination and by the needs of the Army, begin to specialize in one of several areas such as research and development, intelligence, and logistics. We maintain a logistics officer program directed by the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics. This program includes approximately 1,000 handpicked senior officers whose successive assignments are carefully watched to insure that they have the opportunity to develop into accomplished logistics managers. In this career program the officer acquires knowledge and proficiency in procurement and its relation to the other components of supply management which vitally affects procurement; i.e., requirements computation, distribution, and maintenance. The basic directive governing the logistics officer program and the logistics career pattern is attached as appendix No. 1. B. CIVILIAN CAREER PROGRAMS As a planned part of the logistics civilian career management program, established 8 February 1956, procurement activities have been identified as key logistics career fields and are being developed and implemented by the technical services. Specifically, the following procurement and related career field programs are underway in the logistics area: Procurement officer, contracting, acceptance inspector. These career field programs cover approximately 5,000 of the 8,000 civilian procurement, acceptance inspection, and contracting positions at GS-5 and above in the Army. Detailed information concerning types of positions, personnel covered, and technical services implementing these programs is shown in appendix No. 2. These career field programs are designed to assure effective selection, assignment, and development of civilian personnel in procurement and related positions by providing a planned and systematic program of continuous development for each employee from the trainee level to executive status. They integrate Army's procurement training and development activities into a systematic program which results in an individual career plan and an individual training plan for each employee engaged in procurement activity. These individual plans are based on the specific needs of the employee. They extend over a long period of time and are modified throughout the employee's career to bring him to the highest level of accomplishment his interests, abilities, and potential will allow. Detailed description of the program is contained in DCSLOG Civilian Career Management Handbook No. 2: Developing Civilian Career Field Programs, Attachment 1. A detailed description of the Quartermaster Corps procurement career field program is given in attachment 2. SECTION II. INSTALLATION CONDUCTED TRAINING One of the most significant aspects of the Department of Army's training program for procurement personnel is the training conducted by installations and activities. This is accomplished through formal on- and off-the-job training in the fundamentals of procurement and in advanced and specialized aspects of procurement work. To keep the procurement staff current on new techniques and methods and to provide interpretations of procurement policy, refresher training also is conducted by the installation. On-the-job training is conducted at the work site of the employee generally by his immediate supervisor using applicable regulations, instructions, procedures, texts, etc., as and when appropriate to the specific needs of the employee and the individual projects to which he is assigned. The methods of instruction used are: 1. Day-to-day instruction, guidance, and assistance by immediate supervisor on specific projects normally and regularly performed by the employee in connection with his duty assignments. 2. Short temporary duty tours to other procurement assignments to provide widest possible background and training for procurement personnel. 3. Assignment of work with experienced contracting officers and procurement personnel to guide the employee. Off-the-job training consists of regularly established formal courses and seminars conducted at the installation by experienced procurement personnel for the purpose of providing instruction in fundamental and advanced aspects of procurement work. Methods of instruction under the guidance of experienced procurement personnel include lectures, group discussion seminars or conferences, case study work and problem solving assignments. During 1957 approximately 3,000 civilian personnel received almost 40,000 hours of formal on- and off-the-job procurement training. Appendix 3 contains details of the subject matter covered, numbers of employees trained, hours of training received, and installations at which this training was given during 1957. The number of employees receiving refresher training is not available for any given period since all employees assigned to procurement activities receive this type of training sometime during their tour of assignment as the need indicates. Appendix 4 contains examples of the kind of refresher training given during 1957. SECTION III. CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS Procurement personnel have an opportunity to supplement their knowledge and keep informed of current developments through various types of conferences, seminars, and meetings. These forums may take the form of regional meetings, held at key points throughout the country, or periodic conferences at installation level. In any case, they are designed to increase the efficiency of the Army procurement representatives. In addition to conferences held with Army procurement personnel, similar meetings are held with top management in industry. These meetings were instituted in 1955, at the request of industry representatives, and have been effective in improving mutual understanding between the military and industry on procurement matters. In the first year, these conferences were conducted in 8 cities with a total of from 300 to 600 key industrialists meeting with a panel of Army procurement personnel. Periodic seminars have proven invaluable in working out solutions to common problems, dissemination of new policies and procedures, and in the training of specialists in the procurement field. An example of this type of training is the periodic seminars for contract project officers. The agenda provides for a considerable portion of time to be spent discussing procurement problems of the field installations as well as headquarters. Group discussions are held on the problems and attempts are made to develop solutions applicable to the job. Another example is the seminars held at the Judge Advocate General School for the training of legal personnel working in procurement. Three-day seminars for attorneys from various agencies of the Government, on the subject of the contracting officer, contract termination, labor law, utilization of Government property, and research and development, have been presented since 1953 for 81 military and 149 civilians of the Government. Seminars are also held at individual installations to discuss current problems and devise methods of accomplishing the procurement job more effectively and efficiently. These seminars are typically of short duration and scheduled on a regular basis or periodically as the need is evident. The discussions may be designed primarily for training of technical personnel or for discussion of current problems of all procurement personnel at an installation. Examples of this type seminar are shown in appendix 4. All procurement personnel participate in this type training during the course of their work. SECTION IV. CORRESPONDENCE COURSES Correspondence courses from military schools parallel the resident instruction. Fundamentals of procurement are included in the courses of instruction designed to qualify officers to perform the duties of their branch of service; e. g., Quartermaster Corps, Transportation Corps, etc. A list of these courses, showing the amount of procurement instruction, is at part I of appendix No. 5. There are two kinds of correspondence courses at the advanced and specialized level which include procurement instruction: First, those of a specialized nature, as for example, the ordnance officer industrial course. A list of these courses is at part II-a of appendix No. 5. Second, the course which parallels the resident instruction in the procurement management course which is at the advanced level. A description of this course is at part II-b of appendix No. 5. SECTION V. TRAINING AT CIVILIAN INSTITUTIONS Advanced procurement training and training in specialized subjects related to procurement activities is provided for military and civilian personnel at civilian educational institutions. This training is provided for on an as-needed basis under contract with selected educational institutions and covers a wide variety of specialized procurement and related subjects. A major program of this type is established at the University of Toledo under contract with the Ordnance Corps and available and used by all the technical services. This is a broad program covering financial, supply, and storage management under which four specialized procurement courses are offered: Preaward survey, contract placement and administration, contract pricing, and contract price analysis. (Copy of the Toledo program is at attachment 3.) curement personnel in these courses. curement courses at the University of 1958 course catalog for the University of |