be

band anchors or other projections on sidewalls, ends, door posts, studding, or car floors liable to puncture packages must be removed or adequately covered to prevent damage to containers of matches. Car doorways should boarded on the inside to keep packages from contact with the doors, and the inside lining of the car should be supplemented when necessary by strips nailed to the car and close enough together to keep the boxes from being jammed against the studding and broken by high pressures on small areas. The strongest dimension of the box should be loaded lengthwise of the car.

(1) When packages are loaded over or near exposed draft bolts or kingbolts, the bolts should be covered by boards not less than 1 inch thick or by empty wooden boxes of proper size, and the ends of these boards should be beveled to prevent the end of a box resting against the end of the board and being crushed by it. Partial layers of boxes should be interlocked with the lower layers. The cars used should be made secure against the entrance of sparks or rain and should be the strongest cars available. Under no condition should any car be loaded with more than 48,000 pounds gross weight of strike-anywhere matches.

(2) Carload lots of strike-anywhere matches handled subject to stop-off privileges must be loaded in accordance with paragraph (g) and (g) (1) of this section and when necessary the load must be rearranged and/or blocked and braced by each consignee before forwarding.

(3) Less-than-carload lots of "strikeanywhere" matches should be carefully loaded so that they cannot fall and so that other packages of freight cannot fall on or injure them. Whenever practicable the packages of matches should be placed to facilitate ready removal in case of fire. A smoking box of matches should not be broken open; the fire will cease of itself if air can be kept from it.

(4) Carload or less-than-carload lots of "strike-anywhere" matches which have been damaged by fire, or by water in extinguishing a fire, in transit or on carrier's property, must be reloaded in properly prepared cars, and braced or blocked before being forwarded to des

tination, to freight claim department or claim adjusters, or to original shipper or other parties for salvage. Great care should be taken to examine and repair damaged outside packages before reloading into car. All loose matches should first be destroyed. Individual interior boxes and paper-wrapped cartons or packages, should then be carefully placed in tight outside packages complying, as nearly as circumstances will permit, with container specifications; but under no condition shall the outside package be of less strength than required by specification 15A or 12C (§§ 78.168 or 78.206 of this chapter), nor of greater capacity than authorized. Charred cases must not be used. Boards used in repairing wooden cases must be so nailed that they will not allow any interior boxes, cartons, or packages to fall out. In the event that the individual boxes or paper-wrapped packages do not fit snugly in the outside package, the vacant spaces should be filled tightly with dry and clean cotton waste, or elastic wads of dry newspapers or dry waste paper.

(h) Corrosive liquids: Carboys of acids or other corrosive liquids must not be loaded into container cars. They must be so blocked, braced or stayed that they cannot change position during transit when being handled with reasonable care. Carboys of nitric acid must not be loaded into box cars or in truck bodies or trailers on flat cars more than two tiers high, except that completely boxed carboys, specification 1D (§ 78.4 of this chapter), may be loaded three tiers high. Car doors may be cleated in an open position if desired. Flat or stock cars may be used for loading carboys of acids.

ship

(1) When less-than-carload ments are loaded with other freight, the carboys must be placed near the doorway and must have wooden strips not less than 2 inches in height nailed to the car floor about 8 inches from the bracing. These strips must be arranged so that the liquid from a broken carboy will drain toward the doorway and outside the car. The space between the strips and the floor braces or blocking used for staying the carboy boxes must be covered with at least 1 inch thickness of clean and dry sand or earth, not sawdust or other combustible material.

(2) Nitric acid, when loaded with other acids or other corrosive liquids in carboys, must be separated from the other carboys. A 2 by 6 inch plank, set on edge, should be nailed across the car floor at least 12 inches from the nitric acid carboys and the space between the plank and the carboys of nitric acid should be filled with sand, sifted ashes, or other incombustible absorbent material.

(3) Electric storage batteries (wet) for shipment must be completely protected so that short circuits will be prevented and must not be loaded or stored with explosives.

(4) Shipments of electric storage batteries (wet), and electrolyte packed as required by § 73.258 of this chapter, must be so blocked and braced that they cannot change position during transit when cars are handled with reasonable care; and must be so loaded that other freight cannot fall onto or slide against them. They may be loaded on gondola or flat cars, but must not be loaded into hopper bottom cars.

(i) Compressed gases in cylinders: Cylinders containing compressed gases must be loaded on their sides except when packed in boxes or crates, or when placed in suitable permanent racks in cars, or when securely braced.

(1) Cylinders containing compressed gases may be loaded into steel gondola or flat cars or into stock cars, but must not be loaded into hopper bottom cars.

(j) Radioactive ores, residues, and similar material: Shipments of radioactive ores, residues, or similar material as provided in § 73.392 of this chapter, must be so loaded as to avoid spillage and scattering of loose material.

(1) The amount of radioactive material loaded in a car must be limited as provided in § 73.392 of this chapter.

(2) No persons shall remain in a car containing radioactive material unnecessarily and the shipper must furnish the carrier with such information and equipment as is necessary for the protection of the carrier's employes.

(3) Any loose radioactive material must be removed from the car and placed in a closed container in a segregated 10cation and held for instructions from the shipper or the Bureau of Explosives.

(k) Nitrates listed in § 73.182 (b) of this chapter must be loaded in clean closed cars which shall be free of loose boards, cracks, holes, or exposed decayed spots. Interior of cars must be swept clean and be free of any projections capable of injuring bags when so packaged. Doors of cars must have tight closures. Journals and boxes must be in good condition. Ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate (organic coating), ammonium nitrate fertilizer, containing 90 percent or more ammonium nitrate with no organic coating, and guanidine nitrate must be loaded in all wood box cars, or wooden box cars with steel roofs, or steel box cars with wooden floors and must not be loaded in all metal cars (see also § 74.541 (a) (1)).

(1) Poison gas; class A, by rail freight: Poison gases, class A, may be shipped by, for, or to, the Departments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force of the United States Government, when loaded and handled as follows:

(1) In metal drums, specification ICC 5A (§ 78.81 of this chapter) or WD 5A,' in box cars, gondola cars, or stock cars (flat bottom) in carload lots.

(2) In tanks, specification ICC 106A (§§ 78.275 or 78.276 of this chapter), mounted on or secured to multi-unit cars or gondola cars (flat bottom) in carload lots only.

(3) In bombs, in box cars or gondola cars (flat bottom) in carload lots only.

(4) In projectiles or ammunition for cannon with gas filled projectiles in box cars in carload or less-than-carload lots.

(5) Gas handlers. Each shipment of one or more carloads, as described in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, shall be accompanied by a crew of qualified gas handlers, supplied with equipment to handle leaks or other container failure, which will permit the escape of gas. Gas handlers will remain with the shipment during the entire time that it is in the custody of the carrier. Gas handlers will, in the event of leakage or escape of gas, make repairs and perform decontamination, if necessary. If they

need assistance they will advise the carrier's representative as to the nearest Chemical Warfare Service Depot and aid required.

1 War Department specification container.

(6) Loading and bracing in cars. Drums must be loaded in cars having level floors. Cars equipped with metal corrugated ends or cars having bowed ends must be supplied with end wall bulkheads constructed in accordance with requirements for center gates. (See Sketch 1, Bureau of Explosives Pamphlet No. 6.)

(7) Drums must be loaded not more than one tier (layer) high and with filling holes up. They must be loaded as closely together as possible both crosswise and lengthwise and so blocked and braced as to maintain their relative positions during transit.

(8) Drums with filling holes in heads must be loaded on their bottoms. They may be loaded in rows, lengthwise of the car and any space between the sides of car and the nearest row of drums must be "filled in" with wooden boards or lumber nailed to sides of car sufficient in length and width to contact both hoops of drums, or, drums may be loaded across car in staggered stacks of which the number of drums in alternate stacks is reduced by one drum. All drums in stacks following the first stack loaded in end of car must be placed tightly into the angle of space formed by the sidewalls of the drum in the preceding stack. Any space between the sides of car and the drums in stacks having the greater number of drums, must be "filled in" with wooden boards or lumber nailed to sides of car sufficient in length and width to contact both hoops of drums.

(9) Drums with filling holes in sides must be loaded on their sides with filling holes up. They must be loaded lengthwise of the car in rows and any space between sides of car and the nearest row of drums must be "filled in" with wooden boards or lumber nailed to sides of car sufficient in length and width to contact both hoops of drums.

(10) Drums must be loaded in box car from ends of car toward space between car doors, and there braced by center gates and wedges. (See Sketch 1, Bureau of Explosives Pamphlet No. 6.)

(11) Doorways of box cars must be protected by one of the methods prescribed in Sketch 1, Bureau of Explosives Pamphlet No. 6A.

(12) Tanks must be securely mounted on cars especially provided for them or on gondola cars prepared with substantial wooden frames and blocks.

(13) Bombs, projectiles, and cannon ammunition must be loaded, blocked and braced as shown in Bureau of Explosives Pamphlet 6A. When shipments are loaded in gondola cars they must be securely blocked and braced and not loaded higher than the sides of the car.

[15 F. R. 8344, Dec. 2, 1950, as amended by Order 1, 16 F. R. 5327, June 6, 1951; Order 5, 17 F. R. 4296, May 10, 1952; Order 10, 18 F. R. 3138, June 2, 1953; Order 16, 19 F. R. 6269, Sept. 29, 1954; Order 19, 20 F. R. 4418, June 23, 1955; Order 26, 21 F. R. 4433, June 23, 1956; Order 27, 21 F. R. 7603, Oct. 4, 1956] § 74.533 Truck bodies or trailers on flat cars. (a) Truck bodies or trailers containing explosives, class B, explosives, class C, or other dangerous articles as provided in Parts 71-78 of this chapter must be of such design and loaded so that they will not rupture or become permanently distorted under conditions normally incident to transportation and must be so braced and stayed on the flat car that they cannot change position during transit. Packages of explosives and dangerous articles contained therein must be loaded and braced as provided by §§ 74.529, 74.530, and 74.532. Placards must be applied when prescribed by §§ 74.541 and 74.542.

(b) Truck bodies or trailers equipped with automatic heating or refrigerating equipment employing any fuel or article classed as a dangerous article in Parts 71-78 of this chapter may be loaded and transported on flat cars if such equipment is of a type approved by the Bureau of Explosives. They must be so braced and stayed on the flat car that they cannot change position during transit.

(c) A truck body or trailer on which is mounted any cargo tank containing any dangerous article shall not be accepted for transportation or transported except under conditions approved by the Bureau of Explosives.

[Order 10, 18 F. R. 3138, June 2, 1953, as amended by Order 13, 19 F. R. 1281, Mar. 6, 1954; Order 14, 19 F. R. 3261, June 3, 1954]